Wiktionary

手

See also: 爪 and 寸
手 U+624B, 手
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-624B
← 扊
[U+624A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 扌 →
[U+624C]
⼿ U+2F3F, ⼿
KANGXI RADICAL HAND
← ⼾
[U+2F3E] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽀ →
[U+2F40]
🈐 U+1F210, 🈐
SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-624B
[unassigned: U+1F203–U+1F20F]
← 🈂
[U+1F202] 		Enclosed Ideographic Supplement 🈑 →
[U+1F211]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Alternative forms edit

  • 扌 (when used as a left Chinese radical)

Han character edit

See images of
Radical 64 手

手 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 手 (Q), four-corner 20500, composition ⿻𠂌一)

  1. Kangxi radical #64, ⼿.

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 416, character 28
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11768
  • Dae Jaweon: page 762, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1824, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+624B

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 手
alternative forms 𠂿
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 手
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
           
Characters in the same phonetic series (手) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
杽 *n̥ʰɯwʔ
手 *hnjɯwʔ

Pictogram (象形) – hand and fingers. The top stroke is the bent over middle finger, while the horizontal strokes are each two fingers. Compare 爪, 寸, 九, 又.

Note that unlike the other hand/claw characters, 手 has consistently had five fingers: a mammalian/human hand, as opposed to the three digits often found in the others.

Compare also 止 (“foot”), derived from a footprint, originally composed of 3 toes and a sole.

Etymology edit

STEDT compares this word to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-(t)sjəw-k/ŋ (“wing; hand”) based on Karlgren's Archaic Chinese (Old Chinese) reconstruction *śi̯ôg, connecting it to Tibetan གཤོག (gshog, “wing”).

However, this comparison is not supported by more recent scholarship, in which the Old Chinese is reconstructed with an alveolar nasal (Unger, 1995; Zhengzhang, 1995; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Evidence for the nasal initial is given in Sagart (1999):

  • 杻 (“handcuffs”) can be written as 杽, so 丑 (OC *ᵇhnruʔ) (with a nasal initial) and 手 seem to be interchangeable as phonetics.
  • The ancient graph 丑 resembles the graph of 又 (“right hand”). 狃 (OC *ᵇnruʔ, “animal track; claw”) seems to be the modern specialized form of 丑, which has been borrowed to represent an earthly branch.

As done by Sagart (1999), Baxter and Sagart (2014) put 杻 (OC *n̥<r>uʔ, “handcuffs”) and 狃 (OC *Cə.n<r>uʔ, “animal track; claw”) into the same word family as 手 (OC *n̥uʔ). Zhengzhang (1995) suggests a connection to Burmese ညှိုး (hnyui:, “forefinger”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njuŋ ~ *s-m-juŋ ~ *s-m-juw (“finger”).

Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) suggests a tone B endoactive derivation from 收 (OC *nhiu?, “to take; to gather”), literally “that which is doing the taking”.

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • chhiú - vernacular;
  • siú - literary.
Note:
  • qiu2 - vernacular;
  • xiu2 - literary.
Rime
Character 手
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 書九切
Baxter syuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕiuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕuwX/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiuX/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sau2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 手
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shǒu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*n̥uʔ/
English hand

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 手
Reading # 1/1
No. 11665
Phonetic
component 		手
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		首
Old
Chinese 		/*hnjɯwʔ/

Definitions edit

手

  1. hand (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn; 雙／双 m mn; 對／对 c)
  2. expert; master
    高手  ―  gāoshǒu  ―  master
  3. -ist; -er
    歌手  ―  gēshǒu  ―  singer
  4. convenient; handy; portable
    手機／手机  ―  shǒujī  ―  mobile phone
    手冊／手册  ―  shǒucè  ―  handbook
  5. handwritten
  6. Classifier for skills.
  7. Classifier for transactions.
  8. (Southern Min) luck in gambling
  9. (Mainland China Hokkien) Classifier for Chinese characters.
  10. (Taiwanese Hokkien) hidden part (general)
  11. (finance) Classifier for stocks: lot

See also edit

  • 手掌 (shǒuzhǎng, “palm”)
  • 手指 (shǒuzhǐ, “finger”)
  • 手腕 (shǒuwàn, “wrist”)
  • 胳膊 (gēbo, “arm”)

Usage notes edit

In many varieties of Chinese south of the Yangtze River, 手 (shǒu) refers to the arm and hand collectively.

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (手):
  • → Japanese: 手(しゅ) (shu)
  • → Korean: 수(手) (su)
  • → Vietnamese: thủ (手)

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

手

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
手
て
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tay. Compare 目 (me, ma-, “eye”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

手(て) • (te) 

  1. a hand
    リンゴを手(て)に持(も)つ
    ringo o te ni motsu
    to hold an apple in one's hand
    手(て)打(う)ちのモールス
    te-uchi no Mōrusu
    manually-keyed Morse code
  2. a handle, grip
  3. a paw, foreleg
  4. a way of acting, means
    その手(て)があったか。
    Sono te ga atta ka.
    You could do it that way too?
    買(か)うのも一(ひと)つの手(て)である。
    Kau no mo hitotsu no te de aru.
    Another way is buying it.
  5. (board games) a move, play
    • 2002 March 9, Yumi Hotta with Obata, Takeshi, “第(だい)131(ひゃくさんじゅういち)局(きょく)　試(ため)される伊(い)角(すみ)”, in ヒカルの碁 [Hikaru’s Go], volume 16 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 54:
      まだそんな手(て)が残(のこ)ってた——投(とう)了(りょう)は早(はや)すぎた
      Mada sonna te ga nokotteta—— Tōryō wa hayasugita
      There’s still that move — I gave up too soon
Derived terms edit
Derived terms

Prefix edit

手(て) • (te-) 

  1. strengthens the prefixed adjective or adjectival noun
    手(て)早(ばや)い、手(て)堅(がた)い
    tebayai, tegatai
    quick, nimble; firm, steady

Suffix edit

手(て) • (-te) 

  1. one who does the previous word's action: -ist, -er
    語(かた)り手(て)
    katarite
    narrator
    使(つか)い手(て)
    tsukaite
    user
  2. (board games) counter for moves in shogi, go, etc.
Derived terms edit
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
手
しゅ
Grade: 1
goon

From Middle Chinese 手 (MC syuwX).

Affix edit

手(しゅ) • (shu) 

  1. hand
  2. handwork
  3. handicraft, skill, talent
  4. one who does an action: -ist, -er
Derived terms edit
Derived terms

References edit

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 手 (MC syuwX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 슈ᇢ〯 (Yale: syǔw)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 손〮 (Yale: swón) 슈〮 (Yale: syú)

Pronunciation edit

  • (hand; person; etc.):
  • (in 수건 (手巾, sugeon)):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰu(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [수(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

手 (eumhun 손 수 (son su))

  1. Hanja form? of 수 (“hand”).
  2. Hanja form? of 수 (“suffix related to one's skill or occupation”).

Compounds edit

Compounds

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Kunigami edit

Kanji edit

手

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

手(てぃー) (thī) 

  1. a hand

Miyako edit

Kanji edit

手

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

手(てぃー) (tī) 

  1. a hand

Okinawan edit

Kanji edit

手

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Etymology edit

Cognate with Japanese 手 (te).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

手(てぃー) (tī) 

  1. a hand
  2. a handle, grip
  3. a skill, ability, means; especially in martial arts

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

手: Hán Việt readings: thủ (書(thư)九(cửu)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
手: Nôm readings: thủ[1][3][4][5]

  1. chữ Hán form of thủ (“hand”).

Compounds edit

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. ^ Trần (2004).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bonet (1899).
  4. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  5. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

Yaeyama edit

Kanji edit

手

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

手(てぃー) (tī) 

  1. a hand

Yonaguni edit

Kanji edit

手

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

手(てぃー) (tī) 

  1. a hand
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