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上

上 U+4E0A, 上
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E0A
← 三
[U+4E09]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 下 →
[U+4E0B]
See also: 丄

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

上 (radical 1 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 卜一 (YM), four-corner 21100, composition ⿱卜一)

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 76, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13
  • Dae Jaweon: page 145, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 5, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4E0A

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 上
alt. forms 丄
𠄞
尚 Min Nan “most”

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 上
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
         
Oracle bone script
 

j00024
 

j00025
 

j00026
 

j00027
 

j00028
 

j00029
 

j00030
Bronze inscriptions
 

b00109
 

b00110
 

b00111
 

b00112
 

b00113
 

b00114
 

b00115
 

b00116
 

b00117
 

b00118
 

b00119
 

b00120
 

b00121
 

b00122
 

b00123
 

b00124
 

b00125
 

b00126
 

b00127
 

b00128
 

b00129
 

b00130
 

b00131
 

b00132
 

b00133
Large seal script
 

L35088
 

L35089
 

L35090
 

L35091
 

L35092
 

L35093
 

L35094
 

L17519
 

L17520
 

L17521
 

L17522
 

L17523
 

L17524
 

L17525
 

L17526
 

L17527
 

L17528
 

L17529
Small seal script
 

s00008
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (上) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
丄 *djaŋʔ, *djaŋs
上 *djaŋʔ, *djaŋs

Ideogram (指事): a line above another (contrast 下) — up.

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ.

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note: Xiamen siāng - only used for “most”.
Note:
  • zion7/ziên7 - vernacular (“upper part; up; on; above; in”);
  • siang6 - literary (“superior; most”).
Note:
  • shan5 - vernacular;
  • shan4 - literary.
Rime
Character 上
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 時亮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑiɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑɨaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiaŋH/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑi̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shàng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 上
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shàng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyangH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*daŋʔ-s/
English top, above (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 上
Reading # 2/2
No. 11103
Phonetic
component		 上
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 尚
Old
Chinese		 /*djaŋs/
DefinitionsEdit

上

  1. upper part; high position; up
    Antonyms: 下 (xià)
  2. † emperor
  3. on; above
    • 樹上 / 树上  ―  shù shàng  ―  on the tree
    • 筆在桌上。 / 笔在桌上。  ―  Bǐ zài zhuō shàng.  ―  The pen is on the desk.
  4. superior; senior; top
  5. preceding; previous; last; former
    • 上年  ―  shàngnián  ―  last year
    • 上集  ―  shàng jí  ―  last episode
  6. first of several (usually two or three) partitions
    Antonyms: 中 (zhōng), 下 (xià)
  7. within; in; from the standpoint of; according to
  8. (Min Nan) most; extremely

Pronunciation 2Edit

Note:
  • sông / song1 - “to go up; to go; to attend” (major reading);
  • sóng / song3 - “to fit; to install; to apply”.
Note:
  • siông - “to go up” (major reading);
  • chiông - only in “to pull up”.
Note:
  • chiūⁿ/chiōⁿ/chiǔⁿ - “to go up” (major reading);
  • chhiūⁿ/chhiōⁿ/chhiǔⁿ - only in “to pull up; to grow; to pile up”.
Note:
  • shan5 - vernacular;
  • shan4 - literary.
Rime
Character 上
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 時掌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑɨɐŋX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑiɐŋX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑiɑŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑɨaŋX/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiaŋX/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭaŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑi̯aŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shàng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 上 上
Reading # 1/3 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shàng shàng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyangX › ‹ dzyangX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*Cə-daŋʔ/ /*m-daŋʔ/
English ascend to put up

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 上
Reading # 1/2
No. 11102
Phonetic
component		 上
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 上
Old
Chinese		 /*djaŋʔ/
DefinitionsEdit

上

  1. to go up; to ascend
  2. to go to; to leave for (a place)
  3. to board; to get on
    • 請上車。 / 请上车。  ―  Qǐng shàng chē.  ―  Please get into the car.
  4. to attend (class, work)
    • 上班  ―  shàngbān  ―  to go to work
    • 她上夜校。  ―  Tā shàng yèxiào.  ―  She goes to night school.
  5. to enter (a field); to appear (on stage)
  6. to fit; to install; to apply
  7. to screw; to tighten, to twist
  8. (colloquial) Short for 上線 (“to go online”).
  9. to connect to; browse (a website)
    • 上谷歌  ―  shàng Gǔgē  ―  to go on Google; to google
  10. (Min) to pull upwards or hang with a rope
  11. (Min Nan) to grow and attach
  12. (Xiamen Min Nan) to pile up
  13. (vulgar, of a male) to fuck; to have intercourse with a female
  14. Particle following verbs, indicating direction or achievement.

Pronunciation 3Edit

Rime
Character 上
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 時掌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑɨɐŋX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑiɐŋX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑiɑŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑɨaŋX/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiaŋX/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭaŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑi̯aŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shàng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 上
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shàng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyangX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*Cə-daŋʔ/
English ascend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 上
Reading # 1/2
No. 11102
Phonetic
component		 上
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 上
Old
Chinese		 /*djaŋʔ/
DefinitionsEdit

上

  1. (～聲) (Chinese phonetics) rising tone in Chinese phonetics

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 上

Etymology 2Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 上 – see 緔.
(This character, 上, is the second-round simplified form of 緔.)
Notes:

Etymology 3Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 上 – see 鞝.
(This character, 上, is the second-round simplified form of 鞝.)
Notes:

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

上

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

  • 上石 (あげいし, ​ageishi)
  • 上人 (しょうにん, ​shōnin)

Etymology 1Edit

/upe/ → /uɸe/ → /uwe/ → /ue/

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

上 (hiragana うえ, rōmaji ue, historical hiragana うへ)

  1. the above
  2. the top (position, or direction)
  3. the surface of
CompoundsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

/upa/ → /uɸa/ → /uwa/

NounEdit

上 (hiragana うわ, rōmaji uwa, historical hiragana うは)

  1. upper, over
CompoundsEdit
Compounds of 上（うわ, uwa）

Common

Uncommon


Uncommon (continued)

Rare

  • 上顎 (うわあご, ​uwāgo)
  • 上臼 (うわうす, ​uwausu)
  • 上帯 (うわおび, ​uwaobi)
  • 上翳 (うわひ, ​uwahi)

Etymology 3Edit

/kami₁/ invalid IPA characters (₁) → /kami/

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

上 (hiragana かみ, rōmaji kami)

  1. the start
  2. a high place; the top
  3. one with a high rank

Etymology 4Edit

/zyau/ → /zyɔː/ → /d͡ʑoː/

NounEdit

上 (hiragana じょう, rōmaji jō, historical hiragana じやう)

  1. the first volume in a two- or three-volume set
CompoundsEdit
Compounds of 上（じょう, jō）

Common

  • 上位 (じょうい, ​jōi)
  • 上映 (じょうえい, ​jōei)
  • 上演 (じょうえん, ​jōen)
  • 上級 (じょうきゅう, ​jōkyū)
  • 上京 (じょうきょう, ​jōkyō)
  • 上空 (じょうくう, ​jōkū)
  • 上下 (じょうげ, ​jōge)
  • 上告 (じょうこく, ​jōkoku)
  • 上司 (じょうし, ​jōshi)
  • 上旬 (じょうじゅん, ​jōjun)
  • 上昇 (じょうしょう, ​jōshō)
  • 上場 (じょうじょう, ​jōjō)
  • 上手 (じょうず, ​jōzu)
  • 上層 (じょうそう, ​jōsō)


Common (continued)

  • 上達 (じょうたつ, ​jōtatsu)
  • 上等 (じょうとう, ​jōtō)
  • 上品 (じょうひん, ​jōhin)
  • 上部 (じょうぶ, ​jōbu)
  • 上陸 (じょうりく, ​jōriku)
  • 上流 (じょうりゅう, ​jōryū)

Uncommon

  • 上官 (じょうかん, ​jōkan)
  • 上戸 (じょうご, ​jōgo)
  • 上船 (じょうせん, ​jōsen)
  • 上奏 (じょうそう, ​jōsō)
  • 上段 (じょうだん, ​jōdan)
  • 上納 (じょうのう, ​jōnō)

SuffixEdit

上 (hiragana じょう, rōmaji -jō, historical hiragana じやう)

  1. from the standpoint of
    理論 (りろん)上 (じょう)はありえないこと
    riron-jō wa arienai koto
    something that is impossible according to theory
    法律 (ほうりつ)上 (じょう)の争訟 (そうちょう)
    hōritsu-jō no sōchō
    legal dispute
  2. aboard (a plane or ship)
  3. above, in, on
CompoundsEdit
Compounds of 上（-じょう, -jō）
  • 鞍上 (あんじょう, ​anjō)
  • 海上 (かいじょう, ​kaijō)
  • 階上 (かいじょう, ​kaijō)
  • 机上 (きじょう, ​kijō)
  • 機上 (きじょう, ​kijō)
  • 計上 (けいじょう, ​keijō)
  • 啓上 (けいじょう, ​keijō)
  • 最上 (さいじょう, ​saijō)
  • 參上 (さんじょう, ​sanjō)
  • 至上 (しじょう, ​shijō)
  • 紙上 (しじょう, ​shijō)
  • 史上 (しじょう, ​shijō)
  • 誌上 (しじょう, ​shijō)
  • 主上 (しゅじょう, ​shujō)
  • 水上 (すいじょう, ​suijō)
  • 線上 (せんじょう, ​senjō)
  • 船上 (せんじょう, ​senjō)
  • 壇上 (だんじょう, ​danjō)
  • 地上 (ちじょう, ​chijō)
  • 天上 (てんじょう, ​tenjō)
  • 殿上 (てんじょう, ​tenjō)
  • 殿上人 (てんじょうびと, ​tenjōbito)
  • 馬上 (ばじょう, ​bajō)
  • 盤上 (ばんじょう, ​banjō)
  • 陸上 (りくじょう, ​rikujō)
  • 平上去入 (ひょうじょうきょにゅう, ​hyōjōkyonyū)

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

上 • (sang)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 상 (revised: sang, McCune-Reischauer: sang)
    • Name (hangeul): 윗 (revised: wit, McCune-Reischauer: wit)
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReferencesEdit

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

上 (thượng)

  1. king, emperor
  2. One who's high - ranked
  3. To go forward, above
  4. To fill with liquid
  5. To sprinkle
  6. To light up
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