羲和

Chinese

		surname; name of an emperor	mix together; peace; harmony mix together; peace; harmony; and; with; union; cap (a poem); respond in singing; soft; warm
simp. and trad. (羲和)		羲	和
alternative forms		曦和

Etymology

Cf. 伏羲 (Fúxī, “Fuxi”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xīhé, Xīhé, Xī Hé

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ ㄏㄜˊ, ㄒㄧ ㄏㄜˊ, ㄒㄧ ㄏㄜˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xīhé
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ ㄏㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sihé
    • Wade–Giles: hsi¹-ho²
    • Yale: syī-hé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiher
    • Palladius: сихэ (sixɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Xīhé
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ ㄏㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Sihé
    • Wade–Giles: Hsi¹-ho²
    • Yale: Syī-hé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shiher
    • Palladius: Сихэ (Sixɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Xī Hé
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ ㄏㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Si Hé
    • Wade–Giles: Hsi¹ Ho²
    • Yale: Syī Hé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shi Her
    • Palladius: Си Хэ (Si Xɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: xje hwa

Rime
Character	羲	和
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	支 (13)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	許羈切	戸戈切
Baxter	xje	hwa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠiᴇ/	/ɦuɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚiɛ/	/ɦuɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɛ/	/ɣuɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hjiə̆/	/ɦwa/
Li Rong	/xje/	/ɣuɑ/
Wang Li	/xǐe/	/ɣuɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/xie̯/	/ɣuɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xī	huó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hei1	wo4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋ̊(r)aj  [ɢ]ˤoj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hŋral  ɡoːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	羲	和
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xī	hé
Middle Chinese	‹ xje ›	‹ hwa ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋ̊(r)aj/	/*[ɢ]ˁoj/
English	(proper name)	harmonious
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	羲	和
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	13059	4932
Phonetic component	我	禾
Rime group	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	1	3
Corresponding MC rime	犧	和
Old Chinese	/*hŋral/	/*ɡoːl/

Proper noun

羲和

1. (Chinese mythology) Xi and He (two pairs of brothers whom Emperor Yao commanded to observe the heavenly bodies and make the calendar)
2. (Chinese mythology) Xihe (a solar deity who charioteers the sun, also the mother of ten suns)

Noun

羲和

1. (literary, figuratively) the sun
2. (historical) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Further reading

• Record of Xi and He in Annals of the Five Emperors