See also: 胶化
Chinese
editglue; gum | to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (膠化) | 膠 | 化 | |
simp. (胶化) | 胶 | 化 |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiaohuà
- Wade–Giles: chiao1-hua4
- Yale: jyāu-hwà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiauhuah
- Palladius: цзяохуа (czjaoxua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gaau1 faa3
- Yale: gāau fa
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaau1 faa3
- Guangdong Romanization: gao1 fa3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaːu̯⁵⁵ faː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Noun
edit膠化
Japanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
膠 | 化 |
こう Hyōgai |
か Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
Pronunciation
editNoun
editVerb
edit膠化する • (kōka suru) ←かうくわ (kaukwa)?suru (stem 膠化し (kōka shi), past 膠化した (kōka shita))
- to gelatinize
Conjugation
editConjugation of "膠化する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 膠化し | こうかし | kōka shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 膠化し | こうかし | kōka shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 膠化する | こうかする | kōka suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 膠化する | こうかする | kōka suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 膠化すれ | こうかすれ | kōka sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 膠化せよ¹ 膠化しろ² |
こうかせよ¹ こうかしろ² |
kōka seyo¹ kōka shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 膠化される | こうかされる | kōka sareru | |
Causative | 膠化させる 膠化さす |
こうかさせる こうかさす |
kōka saseru kōka sasu | |
Potential | 膠化できる | こうかできる | kōka dekiru | |
Volitional | 膠化しよう | こうかしよう | kōka shiyō | |
Negative | 膠化しない | こうかしない | kōka shinai | |
Negative continuative | 膠化せず | こうかせず | kōka sezu | |
Formal | 膠化します | こうかします | kōka shimasu | |
Perfective | 膠化した | こうかした | kōka shita | |
Conjunctive | 膠化して | こうかして | kōka shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 膠化すれば | こうかすれば | kōka sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
edit- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 膠
- Chinese terms spelled with 化
- Japanese terms spelled with 膠 read as こう
- Japanese terms spelled with 化 read as か
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms historically spelled with わ
- Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese suru verbs