逆流

Chinese

		contrary; opposite; backwards contrary; opposite; backwards; to go against; to oppose; to betray; to rebel	to flow; to spread; to circulate to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move
trad. (逆流)		逆	流
simp. #(逆流)		逆	流

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nìliú

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jik⁶ lau⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gia̍k-liû / ge̍k-liû / ge̍k-lâu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nìliú
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nìlióu
    • Wade–Giles: ni⁴-liu²
    • Yale: nì-lyóu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nihliou
    • Palladius: нилю (nilju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jik⁶ lau⁴
    • Yale: yihk làuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁹ lau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yig⁶ leo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚² lɐu̯²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍k-liû
    • Tâi-lô: gia̍k-liû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giagliuu
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiak̚²⁴⁻² liu²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k-liû
    • Tâi-lô: gi̍k-liû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gegliuu
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ liu¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² liu²³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k-lâu
    • Tâi-lô: gi̍k-lâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: geglaau
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² lau²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² lau²³/

Verb

逆流

1. to go against the current

Synonyms

• (Hokkien) 橫流／横流

Noun

逆流

1. countercurrent
2. (figurative) reactionary tendency; minority viewpoint or movement

Japanese

Kanji in this term
逆	流
ぎゃく Grade: 5	りゅう Grade: 3
on’yomi

Noun

逆(ぎゃく)流(りゅう) • (gyakuryū) 

1. counter current, flowing in the reverse direction

Verb

逆(ぎゃく)流(りゅう)する • (gyakuryū suru) intransitive suru (stem 逆(ぎゃく)流(りゅう)し (gyakuryū shi), past 逆(ぎゃく)流(りゅう)した (gyakuryū shita))

1. flow back, regurgitate, back up, counterflow

Conjugation

Conjugation of "逆流する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	逆流し	ぎゃくりゅうし	gyakuryū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	逆流し	ぎゃくりゅうし	gyakuryū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	逆流する	ぎゃくりゅうする	gyakuryū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	逆流する	ぎゃくりゅうする	gyakuryū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	逆流すれ	ぎゃくりゅうすれ	gyakuryū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	逆流せよ¹ 逆流しろ²	ぎゃくりゅうせよ¹ ぎゃくりゅうしろ²	gyakuryū seyo¹ gyakuryū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	逆流される	ぎゃくりゅうされる	gyakuryū sareru
Causative	逆流させる 逆流さす	ぎゃくりゅうさせる ぎゃくりゅうさす	gyakuryū saseru gyakuryū sasu
Potential	逆流できる	ぎゃくりゅうできる	gyakuryū dekiru
Volitional	逆流しよう	ぎゃくりゅうしよう	gyakuryū shiyō
Negative	逆流しない	ぎゃくりゅうしない	gyakuryū shinai
Negative continuative	逆流せず	ぎゃくりゅうせず	gyakuryū sezu
Formal	逆流します	ぎゃくりゅうします	gyakuryū shimasu
Perfective	逆流した	ぎゃくりゅうした	gyakuryū shita
Conjunctive	逆流して	ぎゃくりゅうして	gyakuryū shite
Hypothetical conditional	逆流すれば	ぎゃくりゅうすれば	gyakuryū sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative