-ú

See also: Appendix:Variations of "u"

Hungarian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [uː]

Suffix

-ú

(adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective denoting possession or similarity. It is used only in parasynthetic compounds, requiring a preceding adjective or a compound structure. Similar in function to English -ed.
nagy (“big”) + láb (“foot”) → nagy lábú ember (“a man with big feet / a big-footed man”)

vörös (“red”) + haj (“hair”) → vörös hajú (“redheaded”)
(obsolete present-participle suffix) Found today only in a few words such as homorú (“concave”, adjective), szigorú (“strict”, adjective), nyomorú (“miserable”, adjective).

Usage notes

(adjective-forming suffix): Variants:
-ú is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant

-ű is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant

-jú is added to back-vowel words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-.

-jű is added to front-vowel words ending in a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-.
(present-participle suffix) Variants:
-ó is added to back-vowel verbs

-ő is added to front-vowel verbs

-ú is added to back-vowel verbs, obsolete
homorú, nyomorú, szigorú

-ű is added to front-vowel verbs, obsolete
keserű, seprű

Declension

Inflection (stem in *-a-*, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	-ú	-úak
accusative	-út	-úakat
dative	-únak	-úaknak
instrumental	-úval	-úakkal
causal-final	-úért	-úakért
translative	-úvá	-úakká
terminative	-úig	-úakig
essive-formal	-úként	-úakként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	-úban	-úakban
superessive	-ún	-úakon
adessive	-únál	-úaknál
illative	-úba	-úakba
sublative	-úra	-úakra
allative	-úhoz	-úakhoz
elative	-úból	-úakból
delative	-úról	-úakról
ablative	-útól	-úaktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	-úé	-úaké
non-attributive possessive – plural	-úéi	-úakéi

Derived terms

Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -ú

Present-participle suffix

Irish

Etymology 1

From Old Irish -ugud. By surface analysis, -aigh +‎ -adh.

Alternative forms

-iú (slender form)
-ughadh, superseded

Suffix

-ú m

Regular verbal noun of second-conjugation verbs, notably verbs in -aigh.
‎tosaigh (“begin”) + ‎-ú → ‎tosú (“commencement”)

‎uraigh (“eclipse”, verb) + ‎-ú → ‎urú (“eclipse”, noun)

Declension

Declension of -ú (irregular)

bare forms
	singular	plural
nominative	-ú	-uithe
vocative	a -ú	a -uithe
genitive	-aithe	-uithe
dative	-ú	-uithe

forms with the definite article
	singular	plural
nominative	an -ú	na -uithe
genitive	an -aithe	na -uithe
dative	leis an -ú don -ú	leis na -uithe

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Irish -mad, from Proto-Celtic *-metos; compare Welsh -fed. Cognate with Scottish Gaelic -amh.

Alternative forms

-mhadh (superseded)

Suffix

-ú

-th (suffix forming ordinal numbers)
‎ocht (“eight”) + ‎-ú → ‎ochtú (“eighth”)

Derived terms