-ű
See also: Appendix:Variations of "u"
Hungarian
editEtymology
editFirst attested in c. 1350. Of the same origin as the -ó/-ő diminutive suffix. Later it split from the latter as an adjective-forming suffix meaning “possessing something”. Originally, the variants occurred equally both as a diminutive suffix and as an adjective-forming suffix. This mix of forms resulted in a division of senses.[1]
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-ű
- (adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective denoting possession or similarity. It is used only in parasynthetic compounds, requiring a preceding adjective or a compound structure. Similar in function to English -ed.
- hét (“seven”) + fej (“head”) → hétfejű sárkány (“seven-headed dragon”)
- jó szív (“kind heart”) → kind-hearted
- darázsderekú (“wasp-waisted”)
- (obsolete present-participle suffix) Found today only in a few words such as gyönyörű (“beautiful”, adjective), fésű (“comb”, noun), sűrű (“thick”, adjective).
Usage notes
edit- (adjective-forming suffix): Variants:
- (present-participle suffix) Variants:
Declension
edit| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ű | -űek |
| accusative | -űt | -űeket |
| dative | -űnek | -űeknek |
| instrumental | -űvel | -űekkel |
| causal-final | -űért | -űekért |
| translative | -űvé | -űekké |
| terminative | -űig | -űekig |
| essive-formal | -űként | -űekként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | -űben | -űekben |
| superessive | -űn | -űeken |
| adessive | -űnél | -űeknél |
| illative | -űbe | -űekbe |
| sublative | -űre | -űekre |
| allative | -űhöz | -űekhez |
| elative | -űből | -űekből |
| delative | -űről | -űekről |
| ablative | -űtől | -űektől |
| non-attributive possessive – singular |
-űé | -űeké |
| non-attributive possessive – plural |
-űéi | -űekéi |
Derived terms
editPresent-participle suffix
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ -ű in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)