Russian

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-tьje.

Pronunciation

edit
  • -тие: IPA(key): [tʲɪje]
  • -тие́: IPA(key): [tʲɪˈje]

Suffix

edit

-тие or -тие́ (-tije or -tijé)

  1. -tion, -ence, -ance, -ity, etc. (suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs)
    отбы́ть (otbýtʹ, to depart; to complete (a term, sentence, etc.)) + ‎-тие (-tije) → ‎отбы́тие (otbýtije, departure; completion (of a term, sentence, etc.))
    отплы́ть (otplýtʹ, to sail off) + ‎-тие (-tije) → ‎отплы́тие (otplýtije, sailing off, departure from shore)
    пожа́ть (požátʹ, to press, to squeeze) + ‎-тие (-tije) → ‎пожа́тие (požátije, handshake, shrug)
    быть (bytʹ, to be) + ‎-тие́ (-tijé) → ‎бытие́ (bytijé, existence (philosophy, stilted))

Usage notes

edit
  • This suffix is generally used only for verbs whose past passive participle ends in -тый (-tyj); verbs whose past passive participle ends in -енный (-ennyj) or -ённый (-jónnyj) normally use -ение (-enije), and verbs whose past passive participle ends in -анный (-annyj) normally use -ание (-anije).
  • Note that even intransitive verbs without a past passive participle form abstract nouns in -тие (-tije) (cf. отплы́тие (otplýtije) above).
  • The stressed variant is fairly rare and often has a dated, stilted or ironic quality to it. It only occurs with unprefixed verbs and only in words borrowed from Old Church Slavonic. The normal stressed variant is -тьё (-tʹjó); -тиё (-tijó) is also occasionally found.

Declension

edit

Derived terms

edit