-tion

See also: tion

English

Alternative forms

• -ion (as in complexion)
• -ation
• -sion
• -ition (as in definition)
• ⠰⠝

Etymology

From Middle English -cioun, borrowing from Old French -tion, -cion, borrowed from the stem of Latin -tiō. The Middle English -cioun became -tion in Modern English under the influence of the Middle French -tion and original Latin spellings.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-ʃən/, (after a preceding “s”) /-tʃən/

Suffix

-tion

1. (no longer productive) Used to form nouns meaning "the action of (a verb)" or "the result of (a verb)". Words ending in this suffix are almost always derived from a similar Latin word; a few (e.g. gumption) are not derived from Latin and are unrelated to any verb. More often, -ation is used.

   ‎ignore + ‎-tion → ‎ignortion

   ‎scrimp + ‎-tion → ‎scrimption

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -tion

abgregation

abolition

absorption

adduction

adnomination

bibulation

capitulation

circumduction

contention

deduction

ignortion

induction

intervention

-ition

junction

ogganition

palliation

portention

refenestration

rumption

solution

transduction

vernation

Related terms

• -ion
• -ation
• -isation/-ization

Descendants

• → Malay: -syen, -sen

Translations

producing a noun meaning the action or effect of a verb

• Abkhaz: -циа (-cja)
• Afrikaans: -sie
• Aragonese: -ción f
• Armenian: -ություն (-utʻyun), -ցիա (-cʻia)
• Aromanian: -tsie f
• Azerbaijani: -siya, -ţiya (South Azerbaijani), -mə, -ləşmə
• Basque: -zio (eu)
• Belarusian: -цыя (-cyja)
• Bulgarian: -ция (-cija)
• Catalan: -ció (ca) f (always forms a feminine noun)
• Crimean Tatar: -tsiya
• Czech: -ce
• Danish: -tion c
• Dutch: -ing (nl) (Germanic), -tie (nl) (Romanic)
• Esperanto: -ado (eo)
• Estonian: -tsioon
• Faroese: -sjón f
• Finnish: -minen (fi), -tio
• French: -tion (fr)
• Gagauz: -ţiya
• Galician: -ción (gl) f, -ção, -çom (reintegrationist)
• Georgian: -ცია (-cia)
• German: -ung (de) f (Germanic), -tion (de) f (Latin; Romanic)
• Haitian Creole: -syon
• Hebrew: ־ציה f (tsya)
• Hindi: -शन (-śan) (used for borrowed words, like in "स्टेशन", etc.)
• Hungarian: -ció (hu)
• Indonesian: -si
• Italian: -zione (unless previous letter was "s", when "z" becomes "t", like in "digestione", "questione", etc.)
• Japanese: -化 (-か, -ka), -ション (-shon) (used for certain borrowed words, like in "コミュニケーション", etc.)
• Kazakh: -ция (-siä)
• Khmer: ការ (km) (kaa)
• Korean: -션 (-syeon) (used for borrowed words, like in "커뮤니케이션", etc.)
• Kyrgyz: -ция (-tsiya)
• Ladino: -syon
• Lai: -nak -cio
• Latgalian: -ceja
• Latin: -tiō f
• Latvian: -cija
• Lithuanian: -cija f
• Luxembourgish: -tioun f
• Macedonian: -ција (-cija)
• Malay: -si, -syen, -sen, peng--an, per--an
• Maltese: -zzjoni f
• Norwegian: -sjon (no) m
• Occitan: -cion f
• Old English: -ing f
• Polish: -cja f
• Portuguese: -ção (pt) (unless previous letter was "s", when "ç" becomes "t", like in "digestão", "questão", etc.)
• Romanian: -ție, -țiune (unless previous letter was "s", when "ț" becomes "t", like in "digestie", "chestiune", etc.), -ciune
• Romansch: -ziun m, -schun m
• Russian: -ция (-cija)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: -ција

  Latin: -cija

• Slovak: -cia f
• Slovene: -cija
• Spanish: -ción (es) (unless previous letter was "s", when "c" becomes "t", like in "digestión", "cuestión", etc.); -xión (for few specific cases)
• Swedish: -tion (sv) c, -ing (sv) c
• Tagalog: -siyon (used for borrowed words, like in "edukasiyon", etc.), -syon, -asyon
• Tajik: -тсия (-tsiya)
• Thai: การ (th) (gaan), ความ (th) (kwaam)
• Turkish: -syon, -siyon
• Turkmen: -siýa
• Ukrainian: -ння (-nnja), -ція (-cija)
• Urdu: -شَن (-śan) (used for borrowed words, like in "اسٹیشن", etc.)
• Uzbek: -tsiya
• West Frisian: -sje
• Yiddish: ־ונג (yi) f (-ung), ־ציע f (-tsye)

See also

• -al
• -ing
• -ure

Further reading

• “-tion”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Anagrams

• -toin, INTO, Toni, into, noit, oint, on it

Danish

Etymology

Borrowing from French -tion, from the stem of Latin -tiō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-ˈɕoˀːn]

Suffix

-tion

1. used to form nouns that denote an action or a process.
2. The result of the aforementioned.

Derived terms

Danish terms suffixed with -tion

CO2-kompensation

desperation

ekskursion

emigration

fascination

immigration

indikation

installation

introduktion

isolation

konfiskation

konspiration

multiplikation

French

Alternative forms

• -ation

Etymology

Borrowed as a learned form from Latin suffix Latin -tiōne or -tiōnem, ending of the singular ablative or accusative of those nouns ending with -tiō (part of the Latin third declension). The original inherited form of the suffix, -on/-son (or -aison from -ātionem), is today less common but can be found in words such as raison, saison, chanson, venaison, oraison, garnison, etc.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sjɔ̃/
• IPA^(key): /tjɔ̃/ (if previous letter is "s", as in "digestion", "question", "combustion", etc.)
• Rhymes: -ɔ̃

Suffix

-tion f (countable and uncountable, plural -tions)

1. Used to indicate action, condition, result or effect; -tion

Derived terms

French terms suffixed with -tion

adéquation

affabulation

agrégation

association

attribution

bifurcation

circonspection

collaboration

combustion

comparution

complétion

constitution

désafférentation

désoxygénation

déstructuration

détection

détention

dévitalisation

dilution

dissipation

émotion

épuration

érudition

exécration

familiarisation

floculation

fragmentation

ghettoïsation

inadéquation

intoxication

localisation

majoration

manipulation

navigation

normativisation

obtention

omission

partition

pollution

prestidigitation

reconstitution

redéfinition

redistribution

répartition

sécurisation

stabilisation

théorisation

vectorisation

Descendants

• → Norwegian: -sjon
• → Ottoman Turkish: ـسیون (-syon, -siyon)
  • Turkish: -syon, -siyon

German

Alternative forms

• -ation (different (surface) analysis)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-ˈtsi̯oːn/, [-ˈt͡sjoːn], [-t͡siˈoːn]
• The pronunciation with a syllabic [i] is virtually obsolete, thus one may simply transcribe /-ˈtsjoːn/.

• Audio:

  (file)

Suffix

-tion f (genitive -tion, plural -tionen)

1. -tion

Related terms

• -ion
• Aktion
• Kommunikation

Further reading

• “-ation” in Duden online, “-ion” in Duden online, “-ation/-ierung” in Duden online (doesn't have -tion, -ition)
• “-ation” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (doesn't have -tion, -ion, -ition)

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-ˈɧuːn/
• Homophone: -sion

Suffix

-tion c

1. -tion; making nouns. See also -else, -ing and -ning.

Derived terms

Swedish terms suffixed with -tion

abdikation

acceleration

CO2-kompensation

dokumentation

fortifikation

inspektion

integration

interaktion

introduktion

kompensation

koncentration

konspiration

konstitution

konsumtion

legitimation

ockupation

oscillation

perfektion

produktion

publikation

redaktion

reklamation

rekommendation

reparation

subtraktion