-었었-
Korean
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFormed through doubling the past tense suffix 었 (-eot-).
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ʌ̹s͈ʌ̹t̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [어썯]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | eosseot |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | eoss'eoss |
McCune–Reischauer? | ŏssŏt |
Yale Romanization? | ess.ess |
Suffix
editYin-form | 었었 (-eosseot-) |
---|---|
Yang-form | 았었 (-asseot-) |
었었 • (-eosseot-)
- -ed: A past tense marker going onto the main verb, adjective or copula of the sentence; it carries a meaning of finished action, however the state has also become different from the past.
Usage notes
edit- For vowel harmony, contractions, and allomorphy, see 아/어/여 (-a/eo/yeo); do note, however, that the second 었 (-eot-) does not change forms.
- 었었 (-eosseot-) precedes all verbal endings except the honorific suffix.
- Difference with 었 (-eot-):
- While 었 (-eot-) carries a perfect aspect meaning, 었었 (-eosseot-) carries a meaning of completion of an action and its difference from the past. Thus, while 죽었다 (jugeotda) means he died and is still dead, 죽었었다 (jugeosseotda) means he died and is no longer in that state. These two suffixes can also be easily compared with the verb 가다 (gada), simple past tense of which expresses that one went somewhere and is still possibly there, while the double past tense usually expresses that one went somewhere, stayed there and is no longer there or came back.