Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/mʊ̀-

This Proto-Bantu entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Bantu

Prefix

*mʊ̀-

2nd person plural subject concord.

Descendants

B30 Group:
- Pinji (B304): no-
- Tsogo (B31): nò-
- Viya (B301): nò-
- Vove: nù-
Bole: bò-
Great Lakes Bantu:
- Luganda (J15): mu-
- Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): mu-
- Tooro (J12): mu-
Kilimanjaro Bantu:
- Mashami: mu-
- Mochi (E622A): mu-
- Rombo (E623): mu-
- Taita (E74): mu-
Lega (Shabunda): mu-
Northeast Coast Bantu:
- Swahili (G42): m-
Rufiji-Ruvuma:
- Makonde (P23): mu-
- Matuumbi: mu-
- Yao (P21): mu-
Southern Bantu:
- Inhambane:
  - Tonga: mu-
- Nguni:
  - Northern Ndebele (S44): li-
  - Phuthi (S404): li-
  - Swazi (S43): ni-
  - Xhosa (S41): ni-
  - Zulu (S42): ni-
- Sotho-Tswana:
  - Northern Sotho (S32): le
  - Southern Sotho: le
  - Tswana (S31): le
- Tsonga (S53): mi-
- Venda (S20): ni-
Western Savannah:
- Gciriku (K332): mu-, mw-
- Herero (R30): mu-
- Kwangali (K33): mu-
- Luvale (K14): mu-
- Luyana (K31): mu-
- Mbukushu (K333): mu-
- Ndonga (R22): mu-
- Umbundu (R11): vu-, u-
- Yeyi (R41): ni-

Prefix

*mʊ̀-

Class 1 noun prefix.

Descendants

Bangi-Ntomba:
- Lingala (C30B): mo-
Northeast Bantu:
- Great Lakes Bantu:
  - Luganda (J15): mu-
  - Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): umu-
  - Tooro (J12): omu-
- Northeast Coast Bantu:
  - Swahili (G42): m-, mw-
Nyasa:
- Chichewa (N31): mu-
Shona (S10): mu-
Southern Bantu:
- Nguni:
  - Northern Ndebele (S44): mu-, m-, extended umu-, um-
  - Phuthi (S404): mu-
  - Swazi (S43): umu-, um-
  - Xhosa (S41): m-, extended um-
  - Zulu (S42): mu-, m-, extended umu-, um-
- Sotho-Tswana:
  - Sotho (S33): mo-
  - Tswana (S31): mo-
- Tsonga (S53): mu-
- Venda (S20): mu-

Prefix

*mʊ̀-

Class 1 object concord.

Descendants

Great Lakes Bantu:
- Luganda (J15): mu-
- Tooro (J12): -mu-
Southern Bantu:
- Nguni:
  - Swazi (S43): mu-, m-
  - Zulu (S42): mu-, m-
- Sotho-Tswana:
  - Sotho (S33): mo-

Prefix

*mʊ̀-

Class 3 noun prefix.

Descendants

Bangi-Ntomba:
- Lingala (C30B): mo-
Northeast Bantu:
- Great Lakes Bantu:
  - Luganda (J15): mu-
  - Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): umu-
  - Tooro (J12): omu-
- Northeast Coast Bantu:
  - Swahili (G42): m-, mw-
Nyasa:
- Chichewa (N31): mu-
Shona (S10): mu-
Southern Bantu:
- Nguni:
  - Northern Ndebele (S44): mu-, m-, extended umu-, um-
  - Phuthi (S404): mu-
  - Swazi (S43): umu-, um-
  - Xhosa (S41): m-, extended um-
  - Zulu (S42): mu-, m-, extended umu-, um-
- Sotho-Tswana:
  - Sotho (S33): mo-
  - Tswana (S31): mo-
- Tsonga (S53): mu-
- Venda (S20): mu-

Prefix

*mʊ̀-

Class 18 noun prefix.

Descendants

Nyasa:
- Chichewa (N31): mu-
Shona (S10): mu-
Southern Bantu:
- Sotho-Tswana:
  - Sotho (S33): mo-
  - Tswana (S31): mo-