ni-
AromanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Slavic ne-. Compare Romanian ne-.
PrefixEdit
ni-
Derived termsEdit
Classical NahuatlEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- n- (before vowels)
PrefixEdit
ni-
- Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is first person singular: I.
GaroEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PrefixEdit
ni-
Derived termsEdit
KambaEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PrefixEdit
ni-
- I (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)
MaquiritariEdit
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
ni-
- Allomorph of n- (third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant.
InflectionEdit
pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument |
postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u- | w-, wi- | |||||||
first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki- | |||||||
second person | amödö | ö-, öy-, o-, oy-, a-, ay- | m-, mi- | |||||||
first person dual exclusive | nña | y-, ch-, ∅-, i- | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | |||||
third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | ||||||||
distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | ||||||||
coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | |||||||
reciprocal | — | — | öö- |
series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
---|---|
first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
first person dual exclusive > second person | |
second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
second person > first person dual exclusive | |
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |
MohawkEdit
PrefixEdit
ni-
- pronominal prefix for
- They both (m) ____
Alternative formsEdit
- | Initial consonant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Environment | t/s/h/k | n/r/w/’ | a | e/en | o/on | i | y |
Word-Initial | ni- | ni- | i- | n- | n- | n- | ni- |
PrefixEdit
ni-
- partitive prefix
ReferencesEdit
- Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 9
- Nora Deering; Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 147, 172
Edit
PrefixEdit
ni-
See alsoEdit
Norwegian BokmålEdit
EtymologyEdit
Same as the word nid, from Old Norse níð.
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
ni-
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
Norwegian NynorskEdit
EtymologyEdit
Doublet of nid. From Old Norse níð, from Proto-Germanic *nīþą.
PrefixEdit
ni-
- Used as an intensifier, especially in verbs
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “ni-” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
AnagramsEdit
OjibweEdit
PrefixEdit
ni-
- A prefix denoting the first person
Usage notesEdit
ni- is the unmarked form, and appears before stems that begin with the consonants p, t, k, h, ch, m, n, s, sh, w, and y. In animate intransitive verbs (vai) and transitive inanimate verbs (vti) conjugations, ni- or one of its alternative forms can act as part of a pair of affixes, with the affix -min (or a variant) to form the first person plural exclusive . In transitive animate verbs (vta) - that is verbs where the subject and the object are both animate - ni- can indicate that either the subject or the object is first-person (singular or plural), according to the rules of topicality hierarchy.
Alternative formsEdit
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
PreverbEdit
ni-
- Alternative spelling of ani-
Old EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From earlier *niwi-, before a regular sound change in which non-word-initial *w was lost before fully unstressed *i. The same sound change occurred to ǣ (“law”) ← *ǣi ← *āwi, sǣ (“sea”) ← *sǣi ← *sāwi, and glī (“joy”) ← *gliwi. It must have also occurred to nīewe (“new”) in the nominative singular, producing *nī ← *niwi, but its *w was restored by analogy with its inflected forms, which had a following *j instead of *i.
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
nī-
Derived termsEdit
PipilEdit
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
ni-
- (personal) I, first-person singular subject marker.
- Niaw nimumachtia Nawat
- I'm going to learn Nawat
- Niaw nimumachtia Nawat
See alsoEdit
Serbo-CroatianEdit
PrefixEdit
ni- (Cyrillic spelling ни-)
- Prefix prepended to pronouns to denote a negative meaning, synonymous with ne- (“no, not”).
- igdje ili nigdje. ― anywhere or nowhere
- itko ili nitko. ― anyone or no one
- ikad ili nikad. ― anytime or never
- Prefix prepended to copula verb biti in present tense to denote a negative meaning, synonymous with ne- (“not”).
- Bio sam tu ali nisam bio tamo. ― I was here but I was not there.
Derived termsEdit
SwahiliEdit
PronunciationEdit
Audio (Kenya) (file)
PrefixEdit
ni-
- Marks a verb's subject as 1st person singular
- ninakupenda
- I like you
- ninakupenda
SwaziEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *mɪ̀-.
PrefixEdit
ni-
- you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-, via an intermediate form *mɪ́-.
PrefixEdit
ni-
- you, you all; second-person plural object concord.
TernateEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Cognate with Tehit n- (“second-person prefix”).
PronounEdit
ni- (Jawi ني-)
Etymology 2Edit
PronounEdit
ni- (Jawi ني-)
- second-person singular possessive pronoun, your
See alsoEdit
independent | subject proclitic | possessive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Informal | Formal | |||||
1st person singular | ngori | fangarem, fajaruf | to | ri | ||
2nd person singular | ngana | ngoni, jou ngoni | no | ni | ||
3rd person singular | unam, minaf | om, mof, inh | im, mif, manh | |||
1st person plural inclusive | ngone | fo | na, nga | |||
1st person plural exclusive | ngomi | fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1 | mi | mi, mia | ||
2nd person plural | ngoni | ni | na, nia | |||
3rd person plural | anah, enanh | ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, † | nah, ngah, manh |
- unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
- m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
- 1 - for mixed-gender groups
- † - archaic
ReferencesEdit
- Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
ni-
- Nasal mutation of di-.
MutationEdit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
di- | ddi- | ni- | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
West MakianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ni-
- second-person singular possessive prefix, your
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ni-
- alternative form of na- (“our (inclusive)”) when preceded by a root-initial i
See alsoEdit
independent | possessive prefix | |
---|---|---|
1st person singular | de | ti |
2nd person singular | ni | ni |
3rd person singular | me | mVan., dVinan. |
1st person plural inclusive | ene | nV |
1st person plural exclusive | imi | mi |
2nd person plural | ini | fi |
3rd person plural | eme | di |
- V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun, following standard West Makian vowel harmony.
ReferencesEdit
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[1], Pacific linguistics
XhosaEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *mɪ̀-.
PrefixEdit
ni-
- you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-, via an intermediate form *mɪ́-.
PrefixEdit
ni-
- you, you all; second-person plural object concord.
ZuluEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *mɪ̀-.
PrefixEdit
ni-
- you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-, via an intermediate form *mɪ́-.
PrefixEdit
ní-
- you, you all; second-person plural object concord.
ReferencesEdit
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “ni-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ni-”