ni-
Aromanian Edit
Etymology Edit
From Slavic ne-. Compare Romanian ne-.
Prefix Edit
ni-
Derived terms Edit
Classical Nahuatl Edit
Alternative forms Edit
- n- (before vowels)
Prefix Edit
ni-
- Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is first person singular: I.
Garo Edit
Etymology Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix Edit
ni-
Derived terms Edit
Kamba Edit
Alternative forms Edit
Prefix Edit
ni-
- I (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)
Maquiritari Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Prefix Edit
ni-
- Allomorph of n- (third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant.
Inflection Edit
pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument |
postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 | w-, wi- | |||||||
first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki-1 | |||||||
second person | amödö | ö-, öy-/öd-, o-, oy-/od-, a-, ay-/ad- | m-, mi- | |||||||
first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | |||||
third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | ||||||||
distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | ||||||||
coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | |||||||
reciprocal | — | — | öö- | |||||||
|
series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
---|---|
first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
first person dual exclusive > second person | |
second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
second person > first person dual exclusive | |
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |
Mohawk Edit
Prefix Edit
ni-
- pronominal prefix for
- They both (m) ____
Alternative forms Edit
- | Initial consonant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Environment | t/s/h/k | n/r/w/’ | a | e/en | o/on | i | y |
Word-Initial | ni- | ni- | i- | n- | n- | n- | ni- |
Prefix Edit
ni-
- partitive prefix
References Edit
- Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 9
- Nora Deering; Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 147, 172
Edit
Prefix Edit
ni-
See also Edit
Norwegian Bokmål Edit
Etymology Edit
Same as the word nid, from Old Norse níð.
Pronunciation Edit
Prefix Edit
ni-
Derived terms Edit
References Edit
Norwegian Nynorsk Edit
Etymology Edit
Doublet of nid. From Old Norse níð, from Proto-Germanic *nīþą.
Prefix Edit
ni-
- Used as an intensifier, especially in verbs
Derived terms Edit
References Edit
- “ni-” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Anagrams Edit
Ojibwe Edit
Prefix Edit
ni-
- A prefix denoting the first person
Usage notes Edit
ni- is the unmarked form, and appears before stems that begin with the consonants p, t, k, h, ch, m, n, s, sh, w, and y. In animate intransitive verbs (vai) and transitive inanimate verbs (vti) conjugations, ni- or one of its alternative forms can act as part of a pair of affixes, with the affix -min (or a variant) to form the first person plural exclusive . In transitive animate verbs (vta) - that is verbs where the subject and the object are both animate - ni- can indicate that either the subject or the object is first-person (singular or plural), according to the rules of topicality hierarchy.
Alternative forms Edit
Related terms Edit
See also Edit
Preverb Edit
ni-
- Alternative spelling of ani-
Old English Edit
Etymology Edit
From earlier *niwi-, before a regular sound change in which non-word-initial *w was lost before fully unstressed *i. The same sound change occurred to ǣ (“law”) ← *ǣi ← *āwi, sǣ (“sea”) ← *sǣi ← *sāwi, and glī (“joy”) ← *gliwi. It must have also occurred to nīewe (“new”) in the nominative singular, producing *nī ← *niwi, but its *w was restored by analogy with its inflected forms, which had a following *j instead of *i.
Pronunciation Edit
Prefix Edit
nī-
Derived terms Edit
Pipil Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Prefix Edit
ni-
- (personal) I, first-person singular subject marker.
- Niaw nimumachtia Nawat
- I'm going to learn Nawat
- Niaw nimumachtia Nawat
See also Edit
Serbo-Croatian Edit
Prefix Edit
ni- (Cyrillic spelling ни-)
- Prefix prepended to pronouns to denote a negative meaning, synonymous with ne- (“no, not”).
- igdje ili nigdje. ― anywhere or nowhere
- itko ili nitko. ― anyone or no one
- ikad ili nikad. ― anytime or never
- Prefix prepended to copula verb biti in present tense to denote a negative meaning, synonymous with ne- (“not”).
- Bio sam tu ali nisam bio tamo. ― I was here but I was not there.
Derived terms Edit
Swahili Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Audio (Kenya) (file)
Prefix Edit
ni-
See also Edit
Number | Person | Independent | Subject concord | Object concord | Combined forms | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
affirmative | negative | na | ndi- | si- | |||||
Singular | First | mimi | ni- | si- | -ni- | nami, na mimi | ndimi, ndiye | simi, siye | -angu |
Second | wewe | u- | hu- | -ku- | nawe, na wewe | ndiwe, ndiye | siwe, siye | -ako | |
Third | yeye | a-, yu- | ha-, hayu- | -m-, -mw-, -mu- | naye, na yeye | ndiye | siye | -ake | |
Plural | First | sisi | tu- | hatu- | -tu- | nasi, na sisi | ndisi, ndio | sio | -etu |
Second | ninyi | m-, mw-, mu- | ham-, hamw-, hamu- | -wa- | nanyi, na ninyi | ndinyi, ndio | sinyi, sio | -enu | |
Third | wao | wa- | hawa- | -wa- | nao | ndio | sio | -ao | |
Reflexive | — | — | -ji- | — | — | ||||
For a full table including other classes, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns. |
Swazi Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *mɪ̀-.
Prefix Edit
ni-
- you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.
Etymology 2 Edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-, via an intermediate form *mɪ́-.
Prefix Edit
ni-
- you, you all; second-person plural object concord.
Ternate Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
Cognate with Tehit n- (“second-person prefix”).
Pronoun Edit
ni- (Jawi ني-)
Etymology 2 Edit
Pronoun Edit
ni- (Jawi ني-)
- second-person singular possessive pronoun, your
See also Edit
independent | subject proclitic | possessive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Informal | Formal | |||||
1st person singular | ngori | fangarem, fajaruf | to | ri | ||
2nd person singular | ngana | ngoni, jou ngoni | no | ni | ||
3rd person singular | unam, minaf | om, mof, inh | im, mif, manh | |||
1st person plural inclusive | ngone | fo | na, nga | |||
1st person plural exclusive | ngomi | fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1 | mi | mi, mia | ||
2nd person plural | ngoni | ni | na, nia | |||
3rd person plural | anah, enanh | ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, † | nah, ngah, manh |
- unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
- m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
- 1 - for mixed-gender groups
- † - archaic
References Edit
- Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Welsh Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Prefix Edit
ni-
- Nasal mutation of di-.
Mutation Edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
di- | ddi- | ni- | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
West Makian Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Pronoun Edit
ni-
- second-person singular possessive prefix, your
Etymology 2 Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Pronoun Edit
ni-
- alternative form of na- (“our (inclusive)”) when preceded by a root-initial i
See also Edit
independent | possessive prefix | |
---|---|---|
1st person singular | de | ti |
2nd person singular | ni | ni |
3rd person singular | me | mVan., dVinan. |
1st person plural inclusive | ene | nV |
1st person plural exclusive | imi | mi |
2nd person plural | ini | fi |
3rd person plural | eme | di |
- V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun, following standard West Makian vowel harmony.
References Edit
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[1], Pacific linguistics
Xhosa Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *mɪ̀-.
Prefix Edit
ni-
- you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.
Etymology 2 Edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-, via an intermediate form *mɪ́-.
Prefix Edit
ni-
- you, you all; second-person plural object concord.
Zulu Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *mɪ̀-.
Prefix Edit
ni-
- you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.
Etymology 2 Edit
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-, via an intermediate form *mɪ́-.
Prefix Edit
ní-
- you, you all; second-person plural object concord.
References Edit
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “ni-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ni-”