mu-

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay mu-, from mu, shortened form of kamu, from Proto-Malayic *kamu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kamu, *kamiu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kamu, *kamiu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mu/

Prefix

mu-

1. you

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Kamba

Alternative forms

• m-

Prefix

mu-

1. you plural (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)

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Kambera

Alternative forms

• u-

Pronoun

mu-

1. second person singular nominative proclitic

See also

Kambera pronominal clitics

	Nominative	Genetive	Accusative	Dative
1sg	ku-	-nggu	-ka	-ngga
2sg	mu- (u-)	-mu	-kau	-nggau
3sg	na-	-na	-ya	-nya
1pl.incl	ta-	-nda	-ta	-nda
1pl.excl	ma-	-ma	-kama	-nggama
2pl	mi- (i-)	-mi	-kami (-kai)	-nggami (-nggai)
3pl	da-	-da	-ha	-nja

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Malay

Etymology

From mu, shortened form of kamu, from Proto-Malayic *kamu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kamu, *kamiu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kamu, *kamiu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mu/

Prefix

mu-

1. you

See also

Malay personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person	standard	saya / ساي‎ aku/ku- / اکو‎ / كو-‎ (informal/towards God) -ku / -كو‎ (informal possesive) hamba / همبا‎ (dated)	kami / کامي‎ (exclusive) kita / کيت‎ (inclusive)
	Palace Malay	beta / بيتا‎
2nd person	standard	kamu / کامو‎ anda / اندا‎ (formal)
		engkau/kau- / اڠکاو‎/ كاو-‎ (informal/towards God) awak / اوق‎ (friendly/older towards younger) -mu / -مو‎ (possesive)	kalian / كاليان‎
	Palace Malay	tuanku / توانكو‎
3rd person	standard	dia / دي‎ ia / اي‎ beliau / بلياو‎ (honorific) -nya / -ڽ‎ (possesive)	mereka / مريک‎
	Palace Malay	baginda / بڬيندا‎

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Northern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni *mú-, from Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.

Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

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Phuthi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni *úmu-, from Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 1 noun prefix.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *mú-, from Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.
2. him, her, it; class 3 object concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Nguni *úmu-, from Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 3 noun prefix.

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Rwanda-Rundi

Prefix

mu-

1. you, second-person plural subject concord.
2. Augmentless form of umu- (“class 1 or 3 noun prefix”)
3. class 1 or 3 concord prefix for adjectives

Alternative forms

• mw- (before a vowel)

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Shona

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 1 noun prefix.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 3 noun prefix.

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Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni *mú-, from Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.

Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

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Swahili

Etymology 1

See m-.

Prefix

mu-

1. Alternative form of m-

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *mu-.

Alternative forms

• mw- (before a vowel)

Prefix

mu-

1. The prefix for noun class 18 denoting a locative that implies position within something.

See also

• Appendix:Swahili noun classes

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Swazi

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni *mú-, from Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.

Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

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Tsonga

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 1 noun prefix.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

Alternative forms

• m-
• n-

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 3 noun prefix.

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Venda

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 1 noun prefix.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 3 noun prefix.

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Zulu

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 1 simple noun prefix.

Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *mú-, from Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.

Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 3 simple noun prefix.

Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

References

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972) , “mu-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “mu-”