Wiktionary

mu-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "mu"

Cebuano

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Pronunciation

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Prefix

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mu- (perfect ming-, mi-, ni-)

  1. Alternative form of mo-

See also

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Category Cebuano terms prefixed with mu- not found

Kamba

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Alternative forms

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Prefix

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mu-

  1. you plural (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)

Kambera

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Alternative forms

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Pronoun

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mu-

  1. second person singular nominative proclitic

See also

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Kambera pronominal clitics
Nominative Genitive Accusative Dative
1sg ku- -nggu -ka -ngga
2sg mu- (u-) -mu -kau -nggau
3sg na- -na -ya -nya
1pl.incl ta- -nda -ta -nda
1pl.excl ma- -ma -kama -nggama
2pl mi- (i-) -mi -kami (-kai) -nggami (-nggai)
3pl da- -da -ha -nja

Nheengatu

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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    From Old Tupi mo-, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mo-, from Proto-Tupian *mo-.

    Noun

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    mu-

    1. forms causative verbs from verbs

    Derived terms

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    Nheengatu terms prefixed with mu-

    References

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    • Marcel Twardowsky Avila (2021) “mu-”, in Proposta de dicionário nheengatu-português [Nheengatu–Portuguese dictionary proposal] (in Portuguese), São Paulo: USP, →DOI, page 491

    Northern Ndebele

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

    Prefix

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    mu-

    1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.

    Usage notes

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    The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

    Phuthi

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    Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

    Prefix

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    mu-

    1. Class 1 noun prefix.

    Etymology 2

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    From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

    Prefix

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    mu-

    1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.
    2. him, her, it; class 3 object concord.

    Etymology 3

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    From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

    Prefix

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    mu-

    1. Class 3 noun prefix.

    Rwanda-Rundi

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    Prefix

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    mu-

    1. you, second-person plural subject concord.
    2. Augmentless form of umu- (“class 1 or 3 noun prefix”)
    3. class 1 or 3 concord prefix for adjectives

    Alternative forms

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    • mw- (before a vowel)

    Shona

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    Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

    Prefix

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    mu-

    1. Class 1 noun prefix.

    Etymology 2

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    From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

    Prefix

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    mu-

    1. Class 3 noun prefix.

    Southern Ndebele

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

    Prefix

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    mu-

    1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.

    Usage notes

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    The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

    Southern Pomo

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    Alternative forms

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    Prefix

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    mu-

    1. heat, fire, emotion
    2. relating to a short object in the air

    Usage notes

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    This prefix is used with verbs only.

    Swahili

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    Alternative forms

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    • m- (before consonants)
    • mw- (before vowels)

    Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

    Prefix

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    mu- (plural wa-)

    1. m class(I) noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix used before /u/ and /w/
      ‎mu- + ‎-ua (“to kill”) + ‎-ji (nominalizing suffix) → ‎muuaji (“killer”)

    Etymology 2

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    From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

    Prefix

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    mu- (plural mi-)

    1. m class(III) noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix used before /u/, /w/, and occasionally /h/
      muhindi ― maize plant
      ‎mu- + ‎-ungana (“to join together”) + ‎-o (nominalizing suffix) → ‎muungano (“union”)

    See also

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    Etymology 3

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    From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

    Prefix

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    mu-

    1. you, 2nd person plural subject concord used before /u/ and /w/
      Antonym: hamu-
    2. verb-initial form of -mu- (“her, him; 3rd person singular (m class(I)) object concord used before /u/ and /w/”)
    See also
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    Swahili personal pronouns (m-wa class(I/II))
    Number Person Independent Subject concord Object concord Combined forms Possessive
    affirmative negative na ndi- si-
    Singular First mimi ni- si- -ni- nami, na mimi ndimi, ndiye simi, siye -angu
    Second wewe u- hu- -ku- nawe, na wewe ndiwe, ndiye siwe, siye -ako
    Third yeye a-, yu- ha-, hayu- -m-, -mw-, -mu- naye, na yeye ndiye siye -ake
    Plural First sisi tu- hatu- -tu- nasi, na sisi ndisi, ndio sio -etu
    Second ninyi m-, mw-, mu- ham-, hamw-, hamu- -wa- nanyi, na ninyi ndinyi, ndio sinyi, sio -enu
    Third wao wa- hawa- -wa- nao ndio sio -ao
    Reflexive — — -ji- — —
    For a full table including other classes, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

    Etymology 4

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    From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-.

    Prefix

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    mu-

    1. therein, mu class(XVIII) subject concord used before /u/ and /w/
      Antonym: hamu-
    See also
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    Swahili verbal concords (third person)
    Class Subject concord Object concord Relative
    affirmative negative
    m(I) a-, yu- ha-, hayu- -m-, -mw-, -mu- -ye
    wa(II) wa- hawa- -wa- -o
    m(III) u- hau- -u- -o
    mi(IV) i- hai- -i- -yo
    ji(V) li- hali- -li- -lo
    ma(VI) ya- haya- -ya- -yo
    ki(VII) ki- haki- -ki- -cho
    vi(VIII) vi- havi- -vi- -vyo
    n(IX) i- hai- -i- -yo
    n(X) zi- hazi- -zi- -zo
    u(XI) u- hau- -u- -o
    ku(XV/XVII) ku- haku- -ku- -ko
    pa(XVI) pa- hapa- -pa- -po
    mu(XVIII) m-, mw-, mu- ham-, hamw-, hamu- -mu- -mo
    For a full table including first and second person, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

    Swazi

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

    Prefix

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    mu-

    1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.

    Usage notes

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    The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

    Tooro

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    Alternative forms

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    • (before vowels) mw-

    Etymology

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    From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

    Pronunciation

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    Prefix

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    mu-

    1. you, you all; 2nd person plural subject concord
      ‎mu- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎mukora (“you all do”)

    See also

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    Tooro personal pronouns
    Class Person Independent Possessive Subject concord Object concord Combined forms
    na ni
    Class 1 First nyowe, nye -ange n- -n- nanyowe, nanye ninyowe, ninye
    Second iwe -awe o- -ku- naiwe niiwe
    Third uwe -e a- -mu- nawe nuwe
    Class 2 First itwe -aitu tu- -tu- naitwe niitwe
    Second inywe -anyu mu- -ba- nainywe niinywe
    Third abo -abo ba- -ba- nabo nubo
    Class 3 gwo -agwo gu- -gu- nagwo nugwo
    Class 4 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
    Class 5 lyo -alyo li- -li- nalyo niryo
    Class 6 go -ago ga- -ga- nago nugo
    Class 7 kyo -akyo ki- -ki- nakyo nikyo
    Class 8 byo -abyo bi- -bi- nabyo nibyo
    Class 9 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
    Class 10 zo -azo zi- -zi- nazo nizo
    Class 11 rwo -arwo ru- -ru- narwo nurwo
    Class 12 ko -ako ka- -ka- nako nuko
    Class 13 two -atwo tu- -tu- natwo nutwo
    Class 14 bwo -abwo bu- -bu- nabwo nubwo
    Class 15 kwo -akwo ku- -ku- nakwo nukwo
    Class 16 ho -aho ha- -ha- naho nuho
    Class 17 (kwo) N/A ha-
    (...-yo)     		-ha- N/A nukwo
    Class 18 (mwo) -amwo ha-
    (...-mu)     		-ha- N/A numwo
    Reflexive -enyini, -onyini — -e- —

    References

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    • Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[1], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 413

    Tsonga

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    Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

    Prefix

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    mu-

    1. Class 1 noun prefix.

    Etymology 2

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    From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

    Alternative forms

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    Prefix

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    mu-

    1. Class 3 noun prefix.

    Venda

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    Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

    Prefix

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    mu-

    1. Class 1 noun prefix.

    Etymology 2

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    From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

    Prefix

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    mu-

    1. Class 3 noun prefix.

    Zulu

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    Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

    Prefix

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    mu-

    1. Class 1 simple noun prefix.
    Usage notes
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    The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

    Etymology 2

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    From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

    Prefix

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    mú-

    1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.
    Usage notes
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    The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

    Etymology 3

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    From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

    Prefix

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    mu-

    1. Class 3 simple noun prefix.
    Usage notes
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    The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

    References

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