mu-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "mu"

Kamba

Alternative forms

• m-

Prefix

mu-

1. you plural (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)

Kambera

Alternative forms

• u-

Pronoun

mu-

1. second person singular nominative proclitic

See also

Kambera pronominal clitics

	Nominative	Genitive	Accusative	Dative
1sg	ku-	-nggu	-ka	-ngga
2sg	mu- (u-)	-mu	-kau	-nggau
3sg	na-	-na	-ya	-nya
1pl.incl	ta-	-nda	-ta	-nda
1pl.excl	ma-	-ma	-kama	-nggama
2pl	mi- (i-)	-mi	-kami (-kai)	-nggami (-nggai)
3pl	da-	-da	-ha	-nja

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.

Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

Phuthi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 1 noun prefix.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.
2. him, her, it; class 3 object concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 3 noun prefix.

Rwanda-Rundi

Prefix

mu-

1. you, second-person plural subject concord.
2. Augmentless form of umu- (“class 1 or 3 noun prefix”)
3. class 1 or 3 concord prefix for adjectives

Alternative forms

• mw- (before a vowel)

Shona

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 1 noun prefix.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 3 noun prefix.

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.

Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

Southern Pomo

Alternative forms

• mo-

Prefix

mu-

1. heat, fire, emotion
2. relating to a short object in the air

Usage notes

This prefix is used with verbs only.

Swahili

Alternative forms

• m- (before consonants)
• mw- (before vowels)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu- (plural wa-)

1. The prefix for noun class 1 denoting humans, used before /u/ and /w/.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu- (plural mi-)

1. The prefix for noun class 3 denoting plants and inanimate natural things, used before /u/, /w/, and occasionally /h/.

See also

• Appendix:Swahili noun classes

Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. you, 2nd person plural subject concord used before /u/ and /w/

   Antonym: hamu-

See also

Swahili personal pronouns (m-wa class_(I/II))

Number	Person	Independent	Subject concord		Object concord	Combined forms			Possessive
			affirmative	negative		na	ndi-	si-
Singular	First	mimi	ni-	si-	-ni-	nami, na mimi	ndimi, ndiye	simi, siye	-angu
	Second	wewe	u-	hu-	-ku-	nawe, na wewe	ndiwe, ndiye	siwe, siye	-ako
	Third	yeye	a-, yu-	ha-, hayu-	-m-, -mw-, -mu-	naye, na yeye	ndiye	siye	-ake
Plural	First	sisi	tu-	hatu-	-tu-	nasi, na sisi	ndisi, ndio	sio	-etu
	Second	ninyi	m-, mw-, mu-	ham-, hamw-, hamu-	-wa-	nanyi, na ninyi	ndinyi, ndio	sinyi, sio	-enu
	Third	wao	wa-	hawa-	-wa-	nao	ndio	sio	-ao
Reflexive		—	—		-ji-	—			—
For a full table including other classes, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

Etymology 4

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. therein, mu class_(XVIII) subject concord used before /u/ and /w/

   Antonym: hamu-

See also

Swahili verbal concords (third person)

Class	Subject concord		Object concord	Relative
	affirmative	negative
m(I)	a-, yu-	ha-, hayu-	-m-, -mw-, -mu-	-ye
wa(II)	wa-	hawa-	-wa-	-o
m(III)	u-	hau-	-u-	-o
mi(IV)	i-	hai-	-i-	-yo
ji(V)	li-	hali-	-li-	-lo
ma(VI)	ya-	haya-	-ya-	-yo
ki(VII)	ki-	haki-	-ki-	-cho
vi(VIII)	vi-	havi-	-vi-	-vyo
n(IX)	i-	hai-	-i-	-yo
n(X)	zi-	hazi-	-zi-	-zo
u(XI)	u-	hau-	-u-	-o
ku(XV/XVII)	ku-	haku-	-ku-	-ko
pa(XVI)	pa-	hapa-	-pa-	-po
mu(XVIII)	m-, mw-, mu-	ham-, hamw-, hamu-	-mu-	-mo
For a full table including first and second person, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

Swazi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.

Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

Tooro

Alternative forms

• (before vowels) mw-

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mu-/

Prefix

mu-

1. you, you all; 2nd person plural subject concord

   mukora ― you all work

See also

Tooro personal pronouns

Number	Person	Independent	Possessive	Subject concord		Object concord
				affirmative	negative
Singular	First	nyowe, nye	-ange	n-	tin-, nta-	-n-
	Second	iwe	-awe	o-	to-, ota-	-ku-
	Third	uwe	-e	a-	ta-, ata-	-mu-
Plural	First	itwe	-aitu	tu-	titu-, tuta-	-tu-
	Second	inywe	-anyu	mu-	timu-, muta-	-ba-
	Third	abo	-abo	ba-	tiba-, bata-	-ba-
Class 3		gwo	-a gwo	gu-	tigu-, guta-	-gu-
Class 4		yo	-a yo	e-	te-, eta-	-gi-
Class 5		lyo	-a lyo	li-	tiri-, lita-	-li-
Class 6		go	-a go	ga-	tiga-, gata-	-ga-
Class 7		kyo	-a kyo	ki-	tiki-, kita-	-ki-
Class 8		byo	-a byo	bi-	tibi-, bita-	-bi-
Class 9		yo	-a yo	e-	te-, eta-	-gi-
Class 10		zo	-a zo	zi-	tizi-, zita-	-zi-
Class 11		rwo	-a rwo	ru-	tiru-, ruta-	-ru-
Class 12		ko	-a ko	ka-	tika-, kata-	-ka-
Class 13		two	-a two	tu-	titu-, tuta-	-tu-
Class 14		bwo	-a bwo	bu-	tibu-, buta-	-bu-
Class 15		kwo	-a kwo	ku-	tiku-, kuta-	-ku-
Class 16		ho	-a ho	ha-	tiha-, hata-	-ha-
Reflexive		-enyini, -onyini	—	—		-e-

References

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[1] (in English), Tokyo: アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究所, page 413

Tsonga

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 1 noun prefix.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

Alternative forms

• m-
• n-

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 3 noun prefix.

Venda

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 1 noun prefix.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 3 noun prefix.

Zulu

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 1 simple noun prefix.

Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mú-

1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.

Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

Prefix

mu-

1. Class 3 simple noun prefix.

Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

References

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “mu-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “mu-”