Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brestaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰres- (“to burst, break, crack, split, separate”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbres.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*brestaną^[1]^[2]

to burst, break, sunder, split, crack

Inflection

Conjugation of *brestaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*brestō	*brestaų	—	*brestai	?
2nd singular	*bristizi	*brestaiz	*brest	*brestazai	*brestaizau
3rd singular	*bristidi	*brestai	*brestadau	*brestadai	*brestaidau
1st dual	*brestōz	*brestaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*brestadiz	*brestaidiz	*brestadiz	—	—
1st plural	*brestamaz	*brestaim	—	*brestandai	*brestaindau
2nd plural	*bristid	*brestaid	*bristid	*brestandai	*brestaindau
3rd plural	*brestandi	*brestain	*brestandau	*brestandai	*brestaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*brast	*brustį̄
2nd singular	*brast	*brustīz
3rd singular	*brast	*brustī
1st dual	*brustū	*brustīw
2nd dual	*brustudiz	*brustīdiz
1st plural	*brustum	*brustīm
2nd plural	*brustud	*brustīd
3rd plural	*brustun	*brustīn

	present	past
participles	*brestandz	*brustanaz

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *brestan
- Old English: berstan
  - Middle English: bresten, bersten
    - English: burst, bust
    - Scots: brist, bryst
- Old Frisian: bersta
  - North Frisian: baast (Föhr-Amrum)
  - Saterland Frisian: bäärste
  - West Frisian: barste, boarste
- Old Saxon: *brestan
  - Middle Low German: bersten, barsten, borsten
    - German Low German: barsten, basten
- Old Dutch: brestan
  - Middle Dutch: bersten, barsten
    - Dutch: barsten, bersten
      - Afrikaans: bars
- Old High German: *brestan, prestan, *bristan
  - Middle High German: brësten, bresten
    - German: bresten, bersten
    - Luxembourgish: baschten
- → Old French: brisier, briser; debrisier
  - Middle French: briser; debriser
    - French: briser; débris
      - → English: debris
    - → Middle Dutch: *brisen; briselen
      - Dutch: verbrijzelen
Old Norse: bresta
- Icelandic: bresta
- Faroese: bresta
- Old Swedish: brista, bræsta
  - Swedish: brista
- Norwegian Bokmål: briste
- Norwegian Nynorsk: breste
- Danish: briste

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*brestan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 75
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*brestanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 56

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*brestan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 75

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*brestanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 56

[1]

[2]