Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furibeudaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *furi- +‎ *beudaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌɸu.ri.ˈbeu̯.ðɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*furibeudaną

1. to forbid, prohibit, command against (doing something)

Inflection

Conjugation of *furibeudaną (strong class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*furibeudō	*furibeudaų	—	*furibeudai	?
2nd singular	*furibiudizi	*furibeudaiz	*furibeud	*furibeudazai	*furibeudaizau
3rd singular	*furibiudidi	*furibeudai	*furibeudadau	*furibeudadai	*furibeudaidau
1st dual	*furibeudōz	*furibeudaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*furibeudadiz	*furibeudaidiz	*furibeudadiz	—	—
1st plural	*furibeudamaz	*furibeudaim	—	*furibeudandai	*furibeudaindau
2nd plural	*furibiudid	*furibeudaid	*furibiudid	*furibeudandai	*furibeudaindau
3rd plural	*furibeudandi	*furibeudain	*furibeudandau	*furibeudandai	*furibeudaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*furibaud	*furibudį̄
2nd singular	*furibaust	*furibudīz
3rd singular	*furibaud	*furibudī
1st dual	*furibudū	*furibudīw
2nd dual	*furibududiz	*furibudīdiz
1st plural	*furibudum	*furibudīm
2nd plural	*furibudud	*furibudīd
3rd plural	*furibudun	*furibudīn
	present	past
participles	*furibeudandz	*furibudanaz

Derived terms

• *furibudą

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *furibeudan
  • Old English: forbēodan
    • Middle English: forbeoden, forbeden, vorbeoden, verbeode, forboden, forbuden, forbiden, forbidden
      • English: forbid
      • Scots: forbede, forbeid, forbid, forbyd
  • Old Frisian: forbiada
  • Old Saxon: farbiodan
    • Middle Low German: vörbēden, vorbēden, vorbeeden, vorbeyden, vorbeiden, vorbīden, verbēden
      • Low German: vorbeden, verbeden
      • → Old Swedish: forbiuþa (or perhaps from Old English)
        • Swedish: förbjuda
          • → Elfdalian: febiuoða
  • Old Dutch: *farbiodan
    • Middle Dutch: verbieden
      • Dutch: verbieden
        • Afrikaans: verbied
      • Limburgish: verbijje
  • Old High German: firbiotan, furibiotan
    • Middle High German: verbieten
      • Cimbrian: borpòotan
      • German: verbieten
      • Luxembourgish: verbidden
• Old Norse: fyrirbjóða, forbjóða (descendants influenced by Middle Low German)
  • Icelandic: fyrirbjóða, forbjóða
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: forby
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: forby, forbyde, forbyda
  • Old Danish: forbiudhe
    • Danish: forbyde
  • Swedish: förbjuda
• Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (faurbiudan)