Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grīpaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰreyb- (“to grab, to grasp”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈɣriː.pɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb edit

*grīpaną^[1]^[2]

to grab, grasp

Inflection edit

Conjugation of *grīpaną (strong class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*grīpō	*grīpaų	—	*grīpai	?
2nd singular	*grīpizi	*grīpaiz	*grīp	*grīpazai	*grīpaizau
3rd singular	*grīpidi	*grīpai	*grīpadau	*grīpadai	*grīpaidau
1st dual	*grīpōz	*grīpaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*grīpadiz	*grīpaidiz	*grīpadiz	—	—
1st plural	*grīpamaz	*grīpaim	—	*grīpandai	*grīpaindau
2nd plural	*grīpid	*grīpaid	*grīpid	*grīpandai	*grīpaindau
3rd plural	*grīpandi	*grīpain	*grīpandau	*grīpandai	*grīpaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*graip	*gripį̄
2nd singular	*graift	*gripīz
3rd singular	*graip	*gripī
1st dual	*gripū	*gripīw
2nd dual	*gripudiz	*gripīdiz
1st plural	*gripum	*gripīm
2nd plural	*gripud	*gripīd
3rd plural	*gripun	*gripīn

	present	past
participles	*grīpandz	*gripanaz

Related terms edit

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *grīpan
- Old English: grīpan
  - Middle English: gripen
    - Scots: gripe
    - English: gripe
- Old Frisian: grīpa
  - North Frisian: gripe
  - Saterland Frisian: griepe
  - West Frisian: gripe
- Old Saxon: grīpan
  - Middle Low German: grîpen
    - Low German: griepen
    - Plautdietsch: jriepen
- Old Dutch: grīpan
  - Middle Dutch: gripen
    - Dutch: grijpen
    - Limburgish: griepe
- Old High German: grīfan
  - Middle High German: grifen
    - Cimbrian: graifan
    - German: greifen
    - Luxembourgish: gräifen
  - → Old French: grifer
    - French: griffer
- → Old French: *gripper
  - French: gripper
    - ⇒ French: grippe (noun) (see there for further descendants)
Old Norse: grípa
- Icelandic: grípa
- Faroese: grípa
- Norwegian Bokmål: gripe
- Norwegian Nynorsk: gripa
- Old Swedish: grīpa
  - Swedish: gripa
- Danish: gribe
Gothic: 𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽 (greipan)

References edit

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*grīpan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 190
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒrīpanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 143

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*grīpan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 190

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒrīpanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 143

[1]

[2]