Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hulōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hulaz (“hollow”) +‎ *-ōną, or *hulą (“hole”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxu.lɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hulōną

1. to hollow out, to make hollow

Inflection

Conjugation of *hulōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hulō	*hulǭ	—	*hulōi	?
2nd singular	*hulōsi	*hulōs	*hulō	*hulōsai	*hulōsau
3rd singular	*hulōþi	*hulō	*hulōþau	*hulōþai	*hulōþau
1st dual	*hulōs	*hulōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hulōþiz	*hulōþiz	*hulōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hulōmaz	*hulōm	—	*hulōnþai	*hulōnþau
2nd plural	*hulōþ	*hulōþ	*hulōþ	*hulōnþai	*hulōnþau
3rd plural	*hulōnþi	*hulōn	*hulōnþau	*hulōnþai	*hulōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hulōdǭ	*hulōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hulōdēz	*hulōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hulōdē	*hulōdēdī
1st dual	*hulōdēdū	*hulōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hulōdēdudiz	*hulōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hulōdēdum	*hulōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hulōdēdud	*hulōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hulōdēdun	*hulōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hulōndz	*hulōdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *holōn
  • Old English: holian
    • Middle English: holen
      • English: hole
  • Old Saxon: *holōn
    • Middle Low German: holen
  • Old Dutch: *holon
    • Middle Dutch: holen
      • Dutch: holen (obsolete), hollen (backformed to the adjective)
  • Old High German: holōn
    • Middle High German: holen
• Old Norse: hola
  • Icelandic: hola
• Gothic: *𐌷𐌿𐌻𐍉𐌽 (*hulōn)
  • Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌷𐌿𐌻𐍉𐌽 (ushulōn)