Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laugnijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *laugnaz (“hidden”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɑu̯ɣ.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*laugnijaną

1. to conceal; gainsay; deny

Inflection

Conjugation of *laugnijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*laugnijō	*laugnijaų	—	*laugnijai	?
2nd singular	*laugnīsi	*laugnijais	*laugnī	*laugnijasai	*laugnijaisau
3rd singular	*laugnīþi	*laugnijai	*laugnijaþau	*laugnijaþai	*laugnijaiþau
1st dual	*laugnijōs	*laugnijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*laugnijaþiz	*laugnijaiþiz	*laugnijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*laugnijamaz	*laugnijaim	—	*laugnijanþai	*laugnijainþau
2nd plural	*laugnīþ	*laugnijaiþ	*laugnīþ	*laugnijanþai	*laugnijainþau
3rd plural	*laugnijanþi	*laugnijain	*laugnijanþau	*laugnijanþai	*laugnijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*laugnidǭ	*laugnidēdį̄
2nd singular	*laugnidēz	*laugnidēdīz
3rd singular	*laugnidē	*laugnidēdī
1st dual	*laugnidēdū	*laugnidēdīw
2nd dual	*laugnidēdudiz	*laugnidēdīdiz
1st plural	*laugnidēdum	*laugnidēdīm
2nd plural	*laugnidēdud	*laugnidēdīd
3rd plural	*laugnidēdun	*laugnidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*laugnijandz	*laugnidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *laugnijan
  • Old English: līeġnan, lȳġnian, līġnan, lēġnian
    • Middle English: leynen, leinen, laynen, lainen
      • Scots: lain
      • English: lain
  • Old Frisian: lēina, laina
  • Old Saxon: lōgnian; lāgnian, lagnian
    • Middle Low German: lôchenen
    • → Saterland Frisian: löägenje (< lāgnian)
    • → West Frisian: leagenje (< lāgnian)
  • Old Dutch: *lōganen, *lōgnen
    • Middle Dutch: logenen, loochenen, loochnen, loggenen
      • Dutch: loochenen
  • Old High German: louganen
    • Middle High German: löugenen, lougen
      • German: leugnen
• Old Norse: leyna
  • Icelandic: leyna
  • Faroese: loyna
  • Old Swedish: lø̄na
  • → Middle English: leynen, laynen
    • English: lain
• Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (laugnjan)

References

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN