Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stabnijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈstɑβ.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From *stabnō (“voice”) +‎ *-janą.

Verb

*stabnijaną

to make oneself be heard
to tune an instrument
to vote

Inflection

Conjugation of *stabnijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*stabnijō	*stabnijaų	—	*stabnijai	?
2nd singular	*stabnīsi	*stabnijais	*stabnī	*stabnijasai	*stabnijaisau
3rd singular	*stabnīþi	*stabnijai	*stabnijaþau	*stabnijaþai	*stabnijaiþau
1st dual	*stabnijōs	*stabnijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*stabnijaþiz	*stabnijaiþiz	*stabnijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*stabnijamaz	*stabnijaim	—	*stabnijanþai	*stabnijainþau
2nd plural	*stabnīþ	*stabnijaiþ	*stabnīþ	*stabnijanþai	*stabnijainþau
3rd plural	*stabnijanþi	*stabnijain	*stabnijanþau	*stabnijanþai	*stabnijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stabnidǭ	*stabnidēdį̄
2nd singular	*stabnidēz	*stabnidēdīz
3rd singular	*stabnidē	*stabnidēdī
1st dual	*stabnidēdū	*stabnidēdīw
2nd dual	*stabnidēdudiz	*stabnidēdīdiz
1st plural	*stabnidēdum	*stabnidēdīm
2nd plural	*stabnidēdud	*stabnidēdīd
3rd plural	*stabnidēdun	*stabnidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*stabnijandz	*stabnidaz

Alternative reconstructions

*stamnijaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *stabnijan
- Old English: stemnan, stefnan
  - Middle English: stemmen, stevenen
- Old Frisian: *stemma
  - West Frisian: stimme
  - ⇒ Old Frisian: tōjēnisstemma
- Old Saxon: *stemnian
  - Middle Low German: stemmen
    - → Norwegian: stemme
    - → Swedish: stämma
    - → Danish: stemme
- Old Dutch: *stemnen
  - Middle Dutch: stemmen
    - Dutch: stemmen
- >? Old High German: *stimmen (< *stibnijan?)
  - Middle High German: stimmen
    - German: stimmen
  - ⇒ Old High German: gistimmen
Old Norse: stefna
- Icelandic: stefna

Etymology 2

From *stabnaz (“stem of a ship”) +‎ *-janą.