Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/taikijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Causative in *-janą to *taik(k)ōną (see Proto-West Germanic *taigōn), from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, instruct, tell, point out, explain”) +‎ *-néh₂ti; the Germanic *k rather than expected *h or *g is thus due to Kluge's law.^[1] Cognate with Latin dīcō (“speak, say, tell”), Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (deíknumi, “show, point out, explain, teach”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtɑi̯.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*taikijaną^[1]

(West Germanic) to show, point out, demonstrate; to teach

Inflection

Conjugation of *taikijaną (weak class 1 j-present)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*taikijō	*taikijaų	—	*taikijai	?
2nd singular	*taikīsi	*taikijais	*taikī	*taikijasai	*taikijaisau
3rd singular	*taikīþi	*taikijai	*taikijaþau	*taikijaþai	*taikijaiþau
1st dual	*taikijōs	*taikijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*taikijaþiz	*taikijaiþiz	*taikijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*taikijamaz	*taikijaim	—	*taikijanþai	*taikijainþau
2nd plural	*taikīþ	*taikijaiþ	*taikīþ	*taikijanþai	*taikijainþau
3rd plural	*taikijanþi	*taikijain	*taikijanþau	*taikijanþai	*taikijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*taihtǭ	*taihtēdį̄
2nd singular	*taihtēz	*taihtēdīz
3rd singular	*taihtē	*taihtēdī
1st dual	*taihtēdū	*taihtēdīw
2nd dual	*taihtēdudiz	*taihtēdīdiz
1st plural	*taihtēdum	*taihtēdīm
2nd plural	*taihtēdud	*taihtēdīd
3rd plural	*taihtēdun	*taihtēdīn

	present	past
participles	*taikijandz	*taikidaz

Derived terms

*taikną

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *taikijan
- Old English: tǣċan
  - Middle English: techen
    - English: teach
    - Scots: teich
    - Yola: teach
- Old Frisian: *tēka, *tētza
  - ⇒? Saterland Frisian: tekend, teekend
- Old Saxon: *tēkian
  - >? Middle Low German: têken
    - German Low German: teken
- Old Dutch: *teiken
  - >? Middle Dutch: teken

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*taikjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 505

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*taikjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 505

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