Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wakāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *weǵ-. Equivalent to *wakaną (“to wake up”) +‎ *-āną.

Verb

*wakāną

1. (intransitive) to wake, to be awake

Inflection

Conjugation of *wakāną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wakō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*wakaisi	?	*wakai	*wakāsai	?
3rd singular	*wakaiþi	?	*wakāþau	*wakāþai	?
1st dual	*wakōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wakāþiz	?	*wakāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*wakāmaz	?	—	*wakānþai	?
2nd plural	*wakaiþ	?	*wakaiþ	*wakānþai	?
3rd plural	*wakānþi	?	*wakānþau	*wakānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wakadǭ	*wakadēdį̄
2nd singular	*wakadēz	*wakadēdīz
3rd singular	*wakadē	*wakadēdī
1st dual	*wakadēdū	*wakadēdīw
2nd dual	*wakadēdudiz	*wakadēdīdiz
1st plural	*wakadēdum	*wakadēdīm
2nd plural	*wakadēdud	*wakadēdīd
3rd plural	*wakadēdun	*wakadēdīn
	present	past
participles	*wakāndz	*wakadaz

Related terms

• *wakjaną
• *waknaną
• *wakraz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wakēn
  • Old English: wacian
    • Middle English: wakien, waken
      • Scots: wauk, walk, wak, wake
      • English: wake
  • Old Frisian: wakia
  • Old Saxon: wakōn
    • Middle Low German: waken
      • Plautdietsch: wakjen
  • Old Dutch: wacon
    • Middle Dutch: wāken
      • Dutch: waken
      • Limburgish: wake
  • Old High German: wahhēn
    • Middle High German: wachēn
      • Cimbrian: bachan
      • German: wachen
      • Luxembourgish: waachen
      • Yiddish: וואַכן (vakhn)
• Old Norse: vaka
  • Icelandic: vaka
  • Faroese: vaka
  • Norn: våga
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: våke, vake
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: vake, vaka
  • Old Swedish: vaka
    • Swedish: vaka
  • Old Danish: wakæ
    • Danish: våge
  • Elfdalian: wåkå
  • Gutnish: vake
  • Scanian: vaga