Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wardāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *warduz (“a guard”) +‎ *-āną.

Verb

*wardāną

1. to guard, protect, watch over

Inflection

Conjugation of *wardāną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wardō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*wardaisi	?	*wardai	*wardāsai	?
3rd singular	*wardaiþi	?	*wardāþau	*wardāþai	?
1st dual	*wardōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wardāþiz	?	*wardāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*wardāmaz	?	—	*wardānþai	?
2nd plural	*wardaiþ	?	*wardaiþ	*wardānþai	?
3rd plural	*wardānþi	?	*wardānþau	*wardānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wardadǭ	*wardadēdį̄
2nd singular	*wardadēz	*wardadēdīz
3rd singular	*wardadē	*wardadēdī
1st dual	*wardadēdū	*wardadēdīw
2nd dual	*wardadēdudiz	*wardadēdīdiz
1st plural	*wardadēdum	*wardadēdīm
2nd plural	*wardadēdud	*wardadēdīd
3rd plural	*wardadēdun	*wardadēdīn
	present	past
participles	*wardāndz	*wardadaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wardēn
  • Old English: weardian
    • Middle English: warden
      • English: ward
  • Old Saxon: wardon
    • Middle Low German: warden, wārden
  • Old Dutch: wardon
    • Middle Dutch: warden
      • Dutch: warden
  • Old High German: wartēn
    • Middle High German: warten
      • Central Franconian: waade, waarde
      • German: warten
      • Hunsrik: waarte
      • Luxembourgish: waarden
      • Yiddish: וואַרטן‎ (vartn)
  • → Medieval Latin: wardō (see there for further descendants)
• Old Norse: varða
  • Icelandic: varða
  • Old Swedish: varþa, vārdha
    • Swedish: vårda
• → Proto-Finnic: *vartodak (see there for further descendants)
• → Proto-Samic: *vuortētēk (see there for further descendants)