Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wardāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *warduz (“a guard”) +‎ *-āną or *wardō (“protection”) +‎ *-āną.

Verb

*wardāną

to guard, protect, watch over

Inflection

Conjugation of *wardāną (weak class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*wardō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*wardaisi	?	*wardai	*wardāsai	?
3rd singular	*wardaiþi	?	*wardāþau	*wardāþai	?
1st dual	*wardōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wardāþiz	?	*wardāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*wardāmaz	?	—	*wardānþai	?
2nd plural	*wardaiþ	?	*wardaiþ	*wardānþai	?
3rd plural	*wardānþi	?	*wardānþau	*wardānþai	?

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wardadǭ	*wardadēdį̄
2nd singular	*wardadēz	*wardadēdīz
3rd singular	*wardadē	*wardadēdī
1st dual	*wardadēdū	*wardadēdīw
2nd dual	*wardadēdudiz	*wardadēdīdiz
1st plural	*wardadēdum	*wardadēdīm
2nd plural	*wardadēdud	*wardadēdīd
3rd plural	*wardadēdun	*wardadēdīn

	present	past
participles	*wardāndz	*wardadaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wardēn
- Old English: weardian
  - Middle English: warden
    - English: ward
- Old Saxon: wardon
  - Middle Low German: warden, wārden
- Old Dutch: wardon
  - Middle Dutch: warden
    - Dutch: warden
- Old High German: wartēn
  - Middle High German: warten
    - Central Franconian: waade, waarde
    - German: warten
    - Hunsrik: waarte
    - Luxembourgish: waarden
    - Yiddish: וואַרטן (vartn)
- → Early Medieval Latin: wardō (see there for further descendants)
Old Norse: varða
- Icelandic: varða
- Old Swedish: varþa, vārdha
  - Swedish: vårda
→ Proto-Finnic: *vartodak (see there for further descendants)
→ Proto-Samic: *vuortētēk (see there for further descendants)