Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upó
(Redirected from Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upo)
Proto-Indo-European
editEtymology
editPossibly from *h₁ewp-, whence also Hittite 𒌋𒌒𒍣 (u-up-zi, “to rise (of the sun)”);[1] but the verb could have come from the adverb instead.[2] Probably with allative suffix *-o.
Adverb
edit*upó
Reconstruction notes
editDunkel separates *úp (“above”) / *úpo (“up”)[2] from *súp (“below”) / *súpo (“down”).[3] This separation is unwarranted; the *s- in Italic and Tocharian can be explained as contractions of the compound adverbials *h₁eǵʰs upó and *h₁én-s upó.[4]
Derived terms
edit- *(s)up-s
- Proto-Italic:
- Latin: sus-
- Proto-Italic:
- *(s)up-s-i
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ὕψι (húpsi)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- *(s)up-s-os ~ *(s)up-s-es-
- *(s)up-ti-os
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ὕπτιος (húptios)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- *(s)up-iH-nos
- Proto-Italic:
- Latin: supīnus
- Proto-Italic:
- *(s)up-ér(i)
- *(s)úp-m̥mo-s (“uppermost”)
- Unsorted formations
Descendants
edit- Proto-Celtic: *uɸo
- Proto-Germanic: *ub (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ὑπό (hupó)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *úpa, *upa-
- Proto-Italic: *supo (see there for further descendants)
- Tocharian B: spe
References
edit- ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 920
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Dunkel, George E. (2014) “*úp 'oben', *úpo 'hinauf'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 829-834
- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) “*súp 'unten', *súpo 'hinab'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 746-751
- ^ Hackstein, Olav (2023) “When words coalesce II: Preverb incorporation in Indo-European”, in Indo-European Linguistics[1], volume 11, number 1, , →ISSN, pages 28-30
Further reading
edit- Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1105