उप-

See also: उप

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उप- (upa-).

Prefix

उप- • (up-)

1. subordinate

   ‎उप- (up-) + ‎ग्रह (grah, “planet”) → ‎उपग्रह (upagrah, “moon, satellite”)

2. lesser, vice-

   ‎उप- (up-) + ‎राष्ट्रपति (rāṣṭrapti, “president”) → ‎उपराष्ट्रपति (uprāṣṭrapti, “vice president”)

Derived terms

Hindi terms prefixed with उप-

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• উপ- (Assamese script)
• ᬉᬧ- (Balinese script)
• উপ- (Bengali script)
• 𑰄𑰢- (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀉𑀧- (Brahmi script)
• ဥပ- (Burmese script)
• ઉપ- (Gujarati script)
• ਉਪ- (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌉𑌪- (Grantha script)
• ꦈꦥ- (Javanese script)
• 𑂇𑂣- (Kaithi script)
• ಉಪ- (Kannada script)
• ឧប- (Khmer script)
• ອຸປ- (Lao script)
• ഉപ- (Malayalam script)
• ᡠᢒᠠ᠊ (Manchu script)
• 𑘄𑘢- (Modi script)
• ᠤᢒᠠ᠊ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦤𑧂- (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐄𑐥- (Newa script)
• ଉପ- (Odia script)
• ꢆꢦ- (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆇𑆥- (Sharada script)
• 𑖄𑖢- (Siddham script)
• උප- (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩒𑩰- (Soyombo script)
• 𑚄𑚞- (Takri script)
• உப- (Tamil script)
• ఉప- (Telugu script)
• อุป- (Thai script)
• ཨུ་པ- (Tibetan script)
• 𑒅𑒣- (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨃𑨞- (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *upa-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *upa-, from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“under, below”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /u.pɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈu.pɐ/

Prefix

उप- • (upa-)

1. towards
2. near, with
3. under, below
4. like, proximate
5. subordinate
6. brother to
7. son to

Usage notes

Definitions 4–7 used exclusively with nouns.

Occasionally used with an implied verb, or placed after the verb rather than prefixing it.

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms prefixed with उप-

Descendants

• → Hindi: उप- (up-)
• → Punjabi: ਉਪ- (upa-)
• → Sindhi: اُپَـ (upa-)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “उप-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 0194, 0195.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 218-219