faoi
See also: Faoi
IrishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
A generalization of the third-person masculine singular inflected form, from Old Irish foí, the third-person masculine singular inflected form of fo (“under”), from Proto-Celtic *uɸo, from Proto-Indo-European *upo. Compare Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó), Middle Welsh go. During the Early Modern Irish period, this preposition began to take over the meaning of Old Irish imm (“around, about”) (modern um), which had variant forms ma and lenited fa, bha that were probably conflated with faoi.[1][2]
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
faoi (plus dative, triggers lenition)
- (standard, Connacht, Ulster) under
- 2015, Proinsias Mac a' Bhaird, transl.; Maura McHugh, editor, Amhrán na Mara (fiction, paperback), Kilkenny, County Kilkenny; Howth, Dublin: Cartoon Saloon; Coiscéim, translation of Song of the Sea by Will Collins, →ISBN, page 1:
- Thuas i dteach an tsolais, faoi réaltaí geala, canann Bronach Amhrán na Mara dá mac Ben atá cúig bliana d'aois.
- Up in the lighthouse, under twinkling stars, Bronach sings the Song of the Sea to her five-year-old son, Ben.
- (standard, Connacht) about, concerning
- around, about
- Cuir faoi do choim é.
- Put it around your waist.
- Chuir mé gad faoi mhuineál an chapaill.
- I put a halter around the horse's neck.
- times, multiplied by
- a trí faoi a hocht ― three times eight
- faoi dhó ― twice, two times
Usage notesEdit
- The standard Irish and Connacht form faoi (Munster fé) means both “under” and “about”. In Ulster, these two meanings are split: faoi means “under”, while fá means “about”.
InflectionEdit
Inflection of faoi
Derived termsEdit
Irish preposition contractions
Basic form | Contracted with | Copular forms | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) | |
de (“from”) | den | de na desna* |
de mo dem* |
de do ded*, det* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* |
do mo dom* |
do do dod*, dot* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh | |
i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* |
i do id*, it* |
ina | inár | inar | inarb | inarbh | |
le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* |
le do led*, let* |
lena | lenár | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh | |
ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* |
ó mo óm* |
ó do ód*, ót* |
óna | ónár | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh | |
trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh | |
*Dialectal. |
See also Category:Irish phrasal verbs with particle (faoi)
PronounEdit
faoi (emphatic faoisean)
- third-person singular masculine of faoi
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Damian McManus (1994), chapter IV, in K. McCone, D. McManus, C. Ó Háinle, N. Williams, L. Breatnach, editors, Stair na Gaeilge: in ómós do P[h]ádraig Ó Fiannachta (in Irish), Maynooth: Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Coláiste Phádraig, →ISBN, (7), page 438: “Is dócha gurb é tionchar an réamhfhocail fa 'faoi' faoi dear na foirmeacha ma, bha, fa de um (TD lxxii).”
- ^ Eleanor Knott (1922-26) The Bardic poems of Tadhg Dall Ó hUiginn (1550—1591), volume 1, Lúndain, page lxxii
Further readingEdit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “faoi”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “fo, fa, fá”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “fá”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 288