Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ní

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ní.

Adverb

*ní

1. down, downwards
2. in, into
3. engrave, inscribe

Derived terms

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nīcás
  • Sanskrit: नीच (nīcá, “low”)
    • Dardic:
      • Kashmiri: [script needed] (nyūċu)
    • Magadhi Prakrit:
      • Assamese: নিস (nix)
      • Bengali: নিচ (nic), নিচে (nice), নিচু (nicu)
      • Bihari:
        • Maithili: नीच (nīc)
      • Odia: ନିଚ (nicô)
    • Maharastri Prakrit:
      • Marathi: नीच (nīc)
    • Sauraseni Prakrit:
      • Gujarati: નીચ (nīc), નીચું (nīcũ), નીચે (nīce)
      • Hindi: नीच (nīc), नीचा (nīcā), नीचे (nīce)
      • Kumaoni: नीच (nīc), नीचो (nīco)
      • Nepali: निच (nic), निचो (nico)
      • Punjabi: ਨੀਚ (nīc), ਨੀਚਾ (nīcā)
      • Sindhi: नीचु (nīcu)
  • Avestan: 𐬥𐬍𐬱‎ (nīš, “without”), 𐬥𐬍𐬲‎ (nīž)

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ní
  • Sanskrit: नि (ni), निर्- (nir-), निस्- (nis-)
• Proto-Iranian: *ní
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬥𐬍‎ (nī)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Khotanese: ni-, nä-
    • Sogdian: [script needed] (n-) (in [script needed] (npys-, “to write down”))
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Northern Kurdish: ni- (eg. in nivistin (“to sleep”))
    • Parthian: n-
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: 𐎴 (ni) (in 𐎴-𐎱𐎮𐎹 (ni-padiy, “on the trail of”))
      • Middle Persian: n- (ni)
        • Persian: ن-‎ (ne) (eg. in نشستن‎ (nešastan, “to sit”))
• Proto-Nuristani: *ní
  • Northern Nuristani:
    • Kamkata-viri:

      Kamviri: ni

      Kativiri: ni

    • Prasuni: n- (“downriver”)