ni
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Audio (GA) (file)
NounEdit
ni
See alsoEdit
AnagramsEdit
AbinomnEdit
PronounEdit
ni
- you (singular)
AfarEdit
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
ní
- our
- Saytun Qhuraan kee kay maqnah tarjamaty Qafar afal tani [The clear Qur'an and its explanation translated into the Afar language][2], Suurat Al-Faatica, verse 5:
- Diggah nanu Ni Rabbow koo inkittosnaah Qibaada dibuk koo caglisna, nanu ni-caagiidah inkih cato koo esserra.
- Our God, with strength we make you whole, only you we give [our] adoration, we as one ask you for help with our afairs.
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “ni”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[3], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
AinuEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ni (Kana spelling ニ)
SynonymsEdit
AlbanianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Albanian *nū, from Proto-Indo-European *nū (“now”). Cognate to Sanskrit नू (nū, “now”).[1] Often occurs in coordination with other particles, compare tani, nani, nime.
AdverbEdit
ni
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 206
AnguthimriEdit
NounEdit
ni
ReferencesEdit
- Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 187
AromanianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Vulgar Latin nīs, from Latin nos. Compare Romanian ne (older form nă).
PronounEdit
ni (unstressed accusative and reflexive form of noi)
- (direct object, first-person plural) us
Related termsEdit
- noi (stressed accusative)
PronounEdit
ni (unstressed dative and reflexive form of noi)
- (indirect object, first-person plural) (to) us
Related termsEdit
- nau (stressed dative)
See alsoEdit
AsturianEdit
NounEdit
ni f (uncountable)
- nu (name for the letter of the Greek alphabet: Ν and ν)
Atong (India)Edit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bodo-Garo *nɯi⁴ (“two”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s (“two”). Cognate with S'gaw Karen ခံ (khee), Tibetan གཉིས (gnyis), Sikkimese ཉི (nyi), Sichuan Yi ꑍ (nyip), Burmese နှစ် (hnac).
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
ni (Bengali script নি)
SynonymsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.
BambaraEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
ni
Etymology 2Edit
ConjunctionEdit
ni
ReferencesEdit
- Richard Nci Diarra, Lexique bambara-français-anglais, December 13, 2010
BasqueEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ni
- First-person singular personal pronoun; I
DeclensionEdit
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
BiloxiEdit
NounEdit
ni
- Synonym of ani (“water”)
ReferencesEdit
- David Kaufman, Tanêks-Tąyosą Kadakathi: Biloxi-English Dictionary (University of Kansas, 2011, →ISBN, page 34
BretonEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Brythonic *ni, from Proto-Celtic *snīs.
PronounEdit
ni
- we (first-person plural personal pronoun)
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Brythonic *nei, from Proto-Celtic *neɸūss, from Proto-Indo-European *népōts.
NounEdit
ni m (plural nied)
CatalanEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
ConjunctionEdit
ni
AdverbEdit
ni
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
ni f (plural nis)
DanishEdit
< 8 | 9 | 10 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : ni Ordinal : niende | ||
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse níu, from Proto-Germanic *newun, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥ (“nine”).
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
ni
DrungEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj.
NounEdit
ni
ReferencesEdit
- Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung[4], Santa Barbara: University of California
DumbeaEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ni
ReferencesEdit
- Leenhardt, M. (1946) Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "ⁿDuᵐbea" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
- Shintani, T.L.A. & Païta, Y. (1990) Dictionnaire de la langue de Païta, Nouméa: Sociéte d'etudes historiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Cited in: "Drubea" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
Eastern Huasteca NahuatlEdit
DeterminerEdit
ni
- this.
PronounEdit
ni
- this.
EsperantoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Italian noi, French nous, Spanish nos, Latin nos, plus the i of personal pronouns.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle French ny, from Old French ne, from Latin nec. Compare Italian né, Catalan and Spanish ni, Portuguese nem.
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ni
- neither; nor
- 1898, Revue du monde invisible, page 339:
- Notre imagination, si ardente qu'on la suppose, ne peut ni guérir instantanément une lésion organique, ni ressusciter un mort.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- Our imagination, so ardent as we suppose, can neither instantaneously heal an organic lesion, nor resuscitate the dead.
- 1876, Bulletins et mémoires de la Société médicale des hôpitaux de Paris, Volume 12:
- […] les constitutions accidentelles ou intercurrentes ne sont ni moins importantes ni plus faciles à expliquer.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- c. 1656–1662, Blaise Pascal, “Preuves par discours I – Papier original : RO 3-1 r° / v° et RO 7-1 r° / v°”, in Pensées [Thoughts][5]:
- Mais nous ne connaissons ni l’existence ni la nature de Dieu, parce qu’il n’a ni étendue, ni bornes.
- But we know neither the existence nor the nature of God, because He has neither extent nor limits.
Usage notesEdit
- Used with the negative particle ne.
- Chiefly used at least twice in the same sentence the same way neither and nor would be used in an English sentence, such as ni riche, ni pauvre (“neither rich nor poor”).
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit
- “ni”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
GothicEdit
RomanizationEdit
ni
- Romanization of 𐌽𐌹
HausaEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Chadic, from Proto-Afroasiatic *ˀanāku.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
nī
- I (1st person singular pronoun)
See alsoEdit
HungarianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Native word of debated origin:[1]
- Shortened from nézd (“look!”) ~ nízd (a dialectal variant).
- An onomatopoeia expressing astonishment.
PronunciationEdit
InterjectionEdit
ni
- (colloquial) lo!, look!
- Itt van ni! ― Look! Here it is!
Usage notesEdit
Most of the time it is used in its duplicated form: nini!
ReferencesEdit
- ^ ni in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further readingEdit
- ni in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
IdiEdit
NounEdit
ni
ReferencesEdit
IdoEdit
PronounEdit
ni
- (personal) we (first-person plural personal pronoun)
IngrianEdit
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ni
- Alternative form of niin
- 1937, V. A. Tetjurev, N. I. Molotsova, transl., Loonnontiito (ensimäin osa): oppikirja alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:
- Jot saavva tiitä mitä ono pintamaas, ni pittää tehä mokomat oopьtat.
- In order to get to know what is in the topsoil, (that's why) it's important to perform such experiments.
ReferencesEdit
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 340
InterlinguaEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From French and Spanish ni, from Latin nec (“and not”).
AdverbEdit
ni
ItalianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
AdverbEdit
ni
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
ni m or f (invariable)
- nu (Greek letter)
AnagramsEdit
JapaneseEdit
RomanizationEdit
ni
KamanoEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
ni
ReferencesEdit
- The Papuan Languages of New Guinea (1986, →ISBN
KansaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Siouan *wa-rį́• (“water”).
NounEdit
ni
ReferencesEdit
- Kansa dictionary
- Quapaw dictionary, in notes: "ni (ni) - water, river, liquid (Kanza)"
Kedah MalayEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ni
- you (singular)
KlaoEdit
NounEdit
ni
ReferencesEdit
- World Lexicon of Grammaticalization (2002, →ISBN
LaboyaEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ni
ReferencesEdit
- Allahverdi Verdizade (2019), “ni”, in Lamboya word list, Leiden: LexiRumah
LatinEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Latin nei, from Proto-Indo-European *néy (“not”), from *ne. Cognates include Gothic 𐌽𐌴𐌹 (nei), Lithuanian nei, Old Church Slavonic ни (ni), Old Irish ní and Sanskrit न (na, “ná”). See also nē.
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
nī (not comparable)
Derived termsEdit
ConjunctionEdit
nī
- not, that not, unless; like ne in imperative and intentional clauses
- Ni quid tibi hinc in spem referas. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- Vinum aliudve quid ni laudato. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- Numa constituit, ut pisces, qui squamosi non essent, ni pollucerent ... ni qui ad polluctum emerent. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
LigurianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ni
LivonianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *nügüt. Cognates include Finnish nyt.
AdverbEdit
ni
LuxembourgishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle High German nie, from Old High German nio. Cognate with German nie.
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
ni
SynonymsEdit
MalayEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Shortened form of ini, from Proto-Malayic *(i)ni(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
ni
- (colloquial) this (the (thing) here)
- (colloquial) this (known (thing) just mentioned)
- (colloquial) this (known (thing) about to be mentioned)
- (colloquial) this (known (thing) that the speaker does not think is known to the audience)
PronounEdit
ni
- (colloquial) this (The thing, item, etc. being indicated)
MandarinEdit
RomanizationEdit
ni
- Nonstandard spelling of nī.
- Nonstandard spelling of ní.
- Nonstandard spelling of nǐ.
- Nonstandard spelling of nì.
Usage notesEdit
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
MarshalleseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Micronesian *niu, from Proto-Oceanic *niuʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niuʀ.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ni
- coconut tree
Related termsEdit
- iu (coconut)
ReferencesEdit
Middle EnglishEdit
AdverbEdit
ni
- Alternative form of ne
ConjunctionEdit
ni
- Alternative form of ne
Middle IrishEdit
ParticleEdit
ni
- Alternative spelling of ní
Mohegan-PequotEdit
PronounEdit
ni (first person singular)
- singular first-person pronoun I
Edit
PronounEdit
ni
- second person singular pronoun you
- Shí dóó ni ayóo ałk’is niidlį́.
- You and I are really good friends.
- Shí dóó ni ayóo ałk’is niidlį́.
- second person singular possessive pronoun yours
- Díí naaltsoos éí ni.
- This book is yours.
- Díí naaltsoos éí ni.
Usage notesEdit
The verb in Navajo incorporates information about person, and many sentences may thus not have explicit independent pronouns. For instance:
- Hooghandi naniná.
- Ni éí hooghandi naniná.
Both sentences are grammatically complete, and mean essentially the same thing: you are at home. The verb naniná is in the second-person form, so the pronoun can be safely omitted, as in the first sentence. This is similar to pronoun dropping in other languages where the verb specifies person, such as Spanish. Meanwhile, the explicit use of ni in the second sentence emphasizes that the speaker is talking about you. This can be thought of as roughly equivalent to the use of emphasis in English: while the first sentence comes across as you're at home, the second one is more like you, you're at home.
See alsoEdit
NaxiEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋja.
NounEdit
ni
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s.
NumeralEdit
ni
ReferencesEdit
- Naxi Dictionary by T.M. Pinson, Lijiang 2012
NingilEdit
NounEdit
ni
ReferencesEdit
- transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66 : /niː/
- Margaret Manning, Naomi Saggers, A Tentative Phonemic Analysis of Ningil (SIL), in Phonologies of five Austronesian languages (Richard Loving, John M. Clifton; 1975) : /ni/
Norwegian BokmålEdit
< 8 | 9 | 10 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : ni Ordinal : niende | ||
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse níu (whence also Danish ni, Icelandic níu, Faroese níggju and Swedish nio) from Proto-Germanic *newun, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥. Cognate with Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽 (niun); Old English niġon (English nine); Old Frisian nigun (West Frisian njoggen); Old High German niun (German neun).
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
ni
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “ni” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian NynorskEdit
< 8 | 9 | 10 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : ni Ordinal : niande | ||
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
NumeralEdit
ni
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “ni” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
NutabeEdit
NounEdit
ni
ReferencesEdit
- Paul Rivet, Nouvelle contribution à l’étude de l’ethnologie précolombienne de Colombie, Journal de la Société des Américanistes volume 35, pages 25-39 (1943), page 26
Old High GermanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *ne.
PronunciationEdit
ParticleEdit
ni
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Old IrishEdit
ParticleEdit
ni
- Alternative spelling of ní
Omaha-PoncaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Siouan *wa-rį́• (“water”).
NounEdit
ni
ReferencesEdit
- Alice Cunningham Fletcher, Francis La Flesche, The Omaha Tribe (1970), page 166
PhaluraEdit
Etymology 1Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)
- this (agr: prox fem / prox non-nom masc)
ReferencesEdit
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[6], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 2Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)
- these (agr: prox)
ReferencesEdit
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[7], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 3Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)
- it
- she (prox fem nom)
ReferencesEdit
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[8], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 4Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)
- they (prox nom)
ReferencesEdit
PolishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ni.
ConjunctionEdit
ni
Derived termsEdit
ParticleEdit
ni
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
ni n (indeclinable)
- Alternative form of ny
Further readingEdit
PortugueseEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Ancient Greek νῦ (nû).
NounEdit
ni m (plural nis)
- nu (the thirteenth letter of the Greek alphabet)
Proto-NorseEdit
RomanizationEdit
ni
- Romanization of ᚾᛁ
RawangEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Alternative formsEdit
VerbEdit
ni
Etymology 2Edit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
ni
Etymology 3Edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj. Cognate with Burmese နေ (ne) and နေ့ (ne.), Old Chinese 日 (OC *njiɡ).
NounEdit
ni
- day (24 hour).
See alsoEdit
- yáng (“daytime”)
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronounEdit
ni
Usage notesEdit
This form is used when ne (which is dative) is combined with the following accusatives:
- îl (the accusative of el, contracted as ni-l)
- îi (the accusative of ei, contracted as ni-i)
- le (the accusative of ele)
- se (the reflexive accusative of all third-person pronouns)
See alsoEdit
InterjectionEdit
ni
- (Transylvania) lo!, look!, behold!
- Ni la el! ― Look at him!
SamoanEdit
ArticleEdit
ni
- some (plural indefinite article)
Serbo-CroatianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *ni (“nor, not”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nej, from Proto-Indo-European *ney. Compare ni-, ne.
ParticleEdit
ni (Cyrillic spelling ни)
- (emphasizes negation) even, either
- ni ja to ne znam — even I don't know that; I don't know that either
- nisam hteo/htio ni da čujem za pr(ij)edlog — I didn't even want to hear of the proposal
ConjunctionEdit
ni (Cyrillic spelling ни)
- (shortening of niti) neither, nor
- ona nije ni pametna ni(ti) marljiva — she is neither smart nor industrious
- ni traga ni glasa o .. — not a trace about ..
- ni kriv ni dužan — completely innocent (lit. neither guilty nor indebted)
SicilianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ni
InflectionEdit
nominative | nuàutri |
---|---|
prepositional | nuàutri |
accusative | ni |
dative | ni |
reflexive | ni |
possessive | nostru |
See alsoEdit
SloveneEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
ní
SpanishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Spanish nin, from Latin nec, apocopated form of neque, from Proto-Indo-European *nekʷe (“and not, neither, nor”), from *ne (“not”) + *-kʷe (“and”). Compare Asturian and Galician nin, Catalan and French ni, Portuguese nem, Italian né, Dalmatian ne. Indo-European cognates include Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌷 (nih) and Irish nach.
ConjunctionEdit
ni
- (coordinating) neither... nor
- Antonym: o ... o
- No tengo ni dinero ni tiempo.
- I have neither money nor time.
- nor, or
- No descansa de día ni de noche.
- He doesn't rest during the day nor during the night.
Derived termsEdit
- ni chicha ni limonada
- ni come, ni deja comer
- ni corto ni perezoso
- ni fu ni fa
- ni grado ni gracias
- ni idea
- ni ir ni venir
- ni lerdo ni perezoso
- ni más ni menos
- ni olvido, ni perdón
- ni pena ni gloria
- ni rey ni roque
- ni tanto ni tan calvo
- ni va ni viene
- ni visto ni oído
- sin chistar ni mistar
- sin oficio ni beneficio
- sin pena ni gloria
- sin pies ni cabeza
- sin tripas ni cuajar
AdverbEdit
ni
- not even
- No descansaba ni por un minuto
- I didn't rest even for a minute.
- Ni yo sé qué significa esta palabra.
- Not even I know what this word means.
Derived termsEdit
- ni a balazos
- ni a cañón
- ni a cañonazos
- ni a dos tirones
- ni a la de tres
- ni a palos
- ni a tiros
- ni a tres tirones
- ni bien
- ni borracho
- ni buscado con un candil
- ni cosa que lo valga
- ni Cristo que lo fundó
- ni de broma
- ni de coña
- ni de guasa
- ni de lejos
- ni Dios
- ni en sueños
- ni gaitas
- ni ganas
- ni hablar
- ni hablar del peluquín
- ni harto de vino
- ni hecho a propósito
- ni idea
- ni jota
- ni media palabra
- ni modo
- ni mu
- ni mucho menos
- ni muerto
- ni palabra
- ni pensarlo
- ni pío
- ni pizca
- ni por asomo
- ni por un cristo
- ni que
- ni que decir tiene
- ni qué hostias
- ni qué leches
- ni qué niño muerto
- ni qué ocho cuartos
- ni qué pan caliente
- ni remotamente
- ni siquiera
- ni un pelo
- nini
- no dejar verde ni seco
- no ni na
- ya ni la friegas
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
ni f (plural níes)
Further readingEdit
- “ni”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
SwahiliEdit
PronunciationEdit
Audio (Kenya) (file)
VerbEdit
ni
- positive degree present and gnomic (all persons, numbers, and classes) of -wa (“to be”)
SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Since 1661, through rebracketing of the 2nd plural verb suffix -(e)n and the older pronoun I ("ye"), e.g. vissten I > visste ni (“did you know”). Compare Icelandic þér and þið which developed similarly.
The Old Swedish ī, īr derives from Old Norse *īʀ (East Norse variant of ér) from Proto-Germanic *jīz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. Compare Danish I.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ni
- you (plural nominative), "y'all"
- you (second-person singular nominative formal) (capitalized Ni, rare in modern use)
- (obsolete) title used when addressing a person of lower social rank
- –Ni kan börja med att städa kontoret, fröken Andersson.
–Javisst, Herr Direktör.- –You can start with cleaning the office, miss Andersson.
–Certainly, Mr. Director
- –You can start with cleaning the office, miss Andersson.
- (colloquial, perceived formal, derogatory to some) by some considered a respectful alternative to du (“you”), especially when addressing customers or the elderly
- Vill ni ha en påse med köpet?
- Do you want a bag with your purchase?
- (obsolete) title used when addressing a person of lower social rank
Usage notesEdit
Both ni and er are second person plural forms, but can also be used as formal second person singular, as in the German Sie or French vous. It may sometimes also be capitalized (Ni, Er). The courteous "ni" was introduced in Swedish around the year 1900 as an alternative to the more complicated pattern of addressing others in the third person singular by their appropriate titles. This required knowledge of social status, occupation, educations, etc. with terms like fru (“Mrs.”) or fröken (“Ms.”), greve (“count”), kamrer (“accountant”), kandidat (“bachelor's degree holder”), etc. However this "ni-reform" was not well liked and when authority came to use the word ni to their subordinates the word got a condescending undertone. Interestingly enough the older I, from which ni was originally formed, was used alongside ni all along (and is still in use in some dialects) but never got the condescending undertone that ni got. This was all phased out gradually during the 1960s and 1970s in the so-called du-reformen, (“the you-reform”). In contemporary Swedish, du is universal and may be used to address anyone, regardless of differences in social status or age.
Ni is used occasionally by younger speakers to address customers in order to be formal and polite. However this is often seen as being overly formal and too contrived, even condescending and insulting, especially by older speakers. Formality and politeness in modern Swedish is not conveyed through specific grammatical forms, but primarily done through indirectness, manners of speaking or various other behaviors.
DeclensionEdit
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
singular | first | — | jag | mig, mej3 | min | mitt | mina |
second | — | du | dig, dej3 | din | ditt | dina | |
third | masculine (person) | han | honom, han2, en5 | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hon | henne, na5 | hennes | ||||
gender-neutral (person)1 | hen | hen, henom7 | hens | ||||
common (noun) | den | den | dess | ||||
neuter (noun) | det | det | dess | ||||
indefinite | man or en4 | en | ens | ||||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina | ||
plural | first | — | vi | oss | vår, våran2 | vårt, vårat2 | våra |
second | — | ni | er | er, eran2, ers6 | ert, erat2 | era | |
archaic | I | eder | eder, eders6 | edert | edra | ||
third | — | de, dom3 | dem, dom3 | deras | |||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina |
SynonymsEdit
Further readingEdit
- ni in Svensk ordbok.
AnagramsEdit
TagalogEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Austronesian *ni (“marker of possession”).
PrepositionEdit
ni (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒ, plural nina)
- Of; possessive particle. Used only with personal names.
- bisikleta ni Juan ― Juan's bicycle
- Objective marker for personal names—objective form of si; functional equivalent of ng.
See alsoEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from Spanish ni (“not even”).
ConjunctionEdit
ni (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒ)
- neither; nor
- Ni ako hindi nagsisigarilyo. ― Even I don't do cigarettes.
- Ni aso ni pusa. ― Neither dog nor cat.
AdverbEdit
ni (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒ)
- not even
- Hindi ako humingi ni isang butil ng bigas. ― I didn't ask not even for a single grain of rice.
TokelauanEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *ni. Cognates include Tuvaluan ni and Samoan ni.
ArticleEdit
ni
- Plural indefinite article; any
See alsoEdit
Etymology 2Edit
ParticleEdit
ni
ReferencesEdit
- R. Simona, editor (1986) Tokelau Dictionary[10], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 250
UnamiEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ni
Ura (Vanuatu)Edit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ni
Further readingEdit
- Terry Crowley, Ura: A Disappearing Language of Southern Vanuatu (1999)
UzbekEdit
ParticleEdit
ni (Cyrillic ни)
- accusative case marker. It is placed after the direct object of a transitive verb.
- Men O'zbek tilini o'rganyapman.
- I am studying Uzbek.
VepsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Russian ни (ni).
DeterminerEdit
ni
InflectionEdit
Not inflected.
ConjunctionEdit
ni ... ni
ReferencesEdit
- Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “ни”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
VietnameseEdit
EtymologyEdit
See này. This is one of many cases in which monophthongs were not diphthongized in Central Vietnamese, compare mày vs. mi, chấy vs. chí, nước vs. nác.
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
ni
AdverbEdit
ni
AnagramsEdit
WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Brythonic *ni, from Proto-Celtic *snīs.
PronounEdit
ni
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Celtic *nīs, from Proto-Indo-European *ne h₁ésti (“is not”).
AdverbEdit
ni
West MakianEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ni (possessive prefix ni)
- second-person singular pronoun, you
See alsoEdit
independent | possessive prefix | |
---|---|---|
1st person singular | de | ti |
2nd person singular | ni | ni |
3rd person singular | me | mVan., dVinan. |
1st person plural inclusive | ene | nV |
1st person plural exclusive | imi | mi |
2nd person plural | ini | fi |
3rd person plural | eme | di |
- V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun, following standard West Makian vowel harmony.
ReferencesEdit
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[11], Pacific linguistics
YilEdit
NounEdit
ni
ReferencesEdit
- transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66 : /niː/
- A Tentative Phonemic Statement in Yil in West Sepik Province, in Phonologies of five Austronesian languages (Richard Loving, John M. Clifton; 1975) : /ni/
YorubaEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ní
- The name of the Latin-script letter N.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letter names) lẹ́tà; á, bí, dí, é, ẹ́, fí, gí, gbì, hí, í, jí, kí, lí, mí, ní, ó, ọ́, pí, rí, sí, ṣí, tí, ú, wí, yí
Etymology 2Edit
Alternative formsEdit
- nẹ́ (Oǹdó, Ìkálẹ̀)
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
ní
- (transitive) to have
Etymology 3Edit
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
ní
Derived termsEdit
- láàárọ̀ (“in the morning”)
- lábẹ́ (“under”)
- lálaalẹ́ (“every evening”)
- lálẹ́ (“in the evening”)
- lánàá (“yesterday”)
- láràárọ̀ (“every morning”)
- láyé àtijọ́ (“historically”)
- lẹ́ẹ̀kan (“once”)
- lẹ́yìn (“behind, except”)
- lóde òní (“nowadays”)
- lójoojúmọ́ (“everyday”)
- lókè (“over, above”)
- lónìí (“today”)
- lóòótọ́ (“in truth”)
- lópin (“at the end”)
- lórí (“on top, on”)
- lọ́dọọdún (“every year”)
- lọ́jọ́ ọ̀la (“in the future”)
- lọ́la (“tomorrow”)
- lọ́sàn-án (“in the afternoon”)
- lọ́sọ̀ọ̀sán (“every afternoon”)
- lọ́sọ̀ọ̀sẹ̀ (“every week”)
- lọ́tùn-ún-la (“the day after tomorrow”)
- ní báyìí (“at this time”)
- níbẹ̀ (“there”)
- níbẹ̀rẹ̀ (“at the start”)
- níbí (“here”)
- níbikíbi (“anywhere”)
- níbo (“where”)
- nígbà tí (“when”)
- nígbàkugbà (“at any time”)
- níjẹta (“two days ago”)
- nílé (“at home”)
- nílẹ̀ (“down”)
- nínú (“inside”)
- nípòkípò (“in any position”)
- nísàlẹ̀ (“below, under”)
- nítorí (“because of”)
See alsoEdit
Etymology 4Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
ní
- (intransitive) to say
See alsoEdit
Etymology 5Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
ni
- (transitive) to be (to have a quality or identification)
Usage notesEdit
This verb cannot be used with regular subject pronouns such as mo or ó, and emphatic subject pronouns must be used in their place. This verb is also often used in a flipped structure where the quality or identification becomes the grammatical subject of the verb while an object pronoun is used for the actual subject of the sentence.
- Òun ni ọ̀rẹ́ mi. – He is my friend. (uses the emphatic pronoun òun instead of ó)
- Ṣé ọmọ Yorùbá ni yín? – Are you Yoruba? (Ọmọ Yorùbá becomes the subject of ni while "you" becomes the object pronoun yín)
See alsoEdit
Etymology 6Edit
PronunciationEdit
- (intransitive) to be bloated, to be tumid
Derived termsEdit
ZouEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *nii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj. Cognates include Min Bei 日 (nì) and Burmese နေ (ne).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ni
Etymology 2Edit
< 1 | 2 | 3 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : ni | ||
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ni, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s. Cognates include Min Bei 二 (nī) and Tibetan གཉིས (gnyis).
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
ni
ReferencesEdit
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 40
ZuluEdit
Etymology 1Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
AdjectiveEdit
-ni?
- what (kind of)
InflectionEdit
Enumerative concord, tone H | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Modifier | ||||
Class 1 | muni | |||
Class 2 | bani | |||
Class 3 | muni | |||
Class 4 | mini | |||
Class 5 | lini | |||
Class 6 | mani | |||
Class 7 | sini | |||
Class 8 | zini | |||
Class 9 | yini | |||
Class 10 | zini | |||
Class 11 | luni | |||
Class 14 | buni | |||
Class 15 | kuni | |||
Class 17 | kuni |
Etymology 2Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
PronounEdit
-ni
- Combining stem of nina.
ReferencesEdit
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “-ni”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-ni”