n-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "n"

Translingual

Prefix

n-

1. (SI prefix) Abbreviation of nano-.

English

Etymology

Abbreviation of normal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛn/

Prefix

n-

1. (organic chemistry) normal-form of a functional group (or molecule), being the long-chain form (unbranched chain)

Coordinate terms

• s- (secondary form)
• t- (tertiary form)

Derived terms

English terms prefixed with n-

• n-butyl-

Translations

Translations

• French: n-

See also

• iso- (isomeric form)
• cyclo- (cyclic form)

Abenaki

Alternative forms

• n'

Etymology

Related to nia (“I, me”).

Prefix

n-

1. (prefixed to nouns, used before consonants) my
2. (prefixed to verbs, used before consonants) I
3. (prefixed to verbs, used before consonants) I (exclusive we)

Coordinate terms

• nd- (used before vowels)

Albanian

Alternative forms

• m-

Etymology

Alternative form of m-, attested earlier as ën- (Buzuku).

Prefix

n-

1. do-, on-, upon-

Derived terms

Albanian terms prefixed with n-

Aromanian

Prefix

n-

1. Alternative form of ãn-

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch ne, en, from Old Dutch ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne.

Prefix

n-

1. Used to negate the pronoun or adverb which follows it, yielding the same part of speech

Derived terms

Dutch terms prefixed with n-

Egyptian

Prefix

1. Alternative form of m- (noun-forming prefix) before labial consonants

Emilian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n/

Pronoun

n- (adverbial)

1. (before a vowel) Alternative form of in

   A-g n-ò dimándi. ― I have a lot (of them).

French

Etymology

Abbreviation of normale.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛn/

Prefix

n-

1. (organic chemistry) n-; (normal-form)

Derived terms

French terms prefixed with n-

Kamba

Alternative forms

• ni-

Prefix

n-

1. I (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)

Maltese

Etymology 1

From Arabic نَ‎ (na, first-person plural imperfect prefix). The use also for the first-person singular is found in Maghrebi Arabic dialects.

Alternative forms

• na-, ne-, ni-, no- (depending on syllable structure)

Prefix

n-

1. First-person prefix in the imperfect conjugation

   ‎n- + ‎kiteb (“he wrote”) → ‎nikteb (“I write”)

Etymology 2

Article

n-

1. Alternative form of il-

Usage notes

• Used after a vowel and before the letter n. For details on usage, see the main lemma.

Maquiritari

Etymology 1

Cognate to prefixes analyzed as object nominalizers, switching nominalized forms from nouns of action to nouns referring to the patient argument. The Ye'kwana form has a rather different scope of use.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [n-]

Prefix

n-

1. Marks that (person markers on) a derivation from a transitive verb refer to the agent argument of the verb rather than the patient argument; used with verbs adverbialized with -e or nominalized with -dü or -'jüdü.

Usage notes

This prefix comes between the person marker and the verb stem.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• (allomorph before a consonant) ni-

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [n-]

Prefix

n-

1. Marks a nonderived transitive verb as having a third-person agent/subject and patient/object.
2. Marks a nonderived intransitive verb with agent-like or patient-like argument as having a third-person argument/subject.

Usage notes

The form n- is used with stems that start with a vowel; ni- is used with those that start with a consonant, in which case the initial consonant is also palatalized.

This person marker is used with all types of verbs when marked with originally nonderived tense/aspect/mood markers, excepting only the admonitive -'no and prohibitive -i negative command suffixes and the uncertain future marker -tai, which require the transcategorical third person marker y-, and the distant past markers, which require the distance-specific person morpheme kün-.

Though in all other circumstances Maquiritari third-person prefixes also cover the first person dual exclusive, this prefix is not used when the patient of a transitive verb is first-person-dual-exclusive.

Inflection

Maquiritari personal markers (Ye’kwana dialect)

	pronoun	noun possessor/ series II verb argument		postposition object		series I verb argument
						transitive patient	intransitive patient-like		intransitive agent-like	transitive agent
first person	ewü	y-, ∅-, ü-, u-						w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive	küwü	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-								k-, kii-, ki-
second person	amödö	ö-, öy-, o-, oy-, a-, ay-							m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive	nña	y-, ch-, ∅-, i-			chö-	∅-	n-, ni-
third person	tüwü					n-, ni-
distant past third person		—				kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive	—	t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te-				—
reciprocal	—	—	öö-

	series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person	mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person	see person X in the chart above

References

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “n-”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, page 152, 182–184, 190–191, 200, 202–203

Ojibwe

Prefix

n-

1. Alternative form of ni-

Usage notes

n- appears before stems that begin with the vowels oo and ii.

See also

Ojibwe personal prefixes

		stem begins with...	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Consonants		p t k h ch m n s sh w y	ni-	gi-	o-
		d g ' j z zh	nin-
		b	nim-
Vowels		o	nindo-	gido-	odo-
		a aa e i	nind-	gid-	od-
		oo	n-	g-
		ii			w-

Old Irish

Prefix

n- (class A infixed pronoun)

1. us

Derived terms

Old Irish terms prefixed with n-

See also

Old Irish affixed pronouns

See Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used.
Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.

Person	Infixed			Suffixed
	Class A	Class B	Class C
1 sing.	m-L	dom-L, dam-L		-um
2 sing.	t-L	dot-L, dat-L, dut-L, dit-L		-ut
3 sing. m.	a-N, e-N	d-N	id-N, did-N, d-N	-i, -it
3 sing. f.	s-(N)	da-		-us
3 sing. n.	a-L, e-L	d-L	id-L, did-L, d-L	-i, -it
1 pl.	n-	don-, dun-, dan-		-unn
2 pl.	b-	dob-, dub-, dab-		-uib
3 pl.	s-(N)	da-		-us
L means this form triggers lenition. N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis) (N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.

Prefix

n- (class B & C infixed pronoun)

1. Alternative form of d-

Swahili

Alternative forms

• (before a vowel) ny-

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *n-.

Prefix

n- (plural n-)

1. The prefix for noun class 9 denoting animals and miscellaneous nouns.
   1. Used as a class for foreign borrowings that cannot fit other classes morphologically.
2. The prefix for noun class 10 denoting the plurals of noun class 9 and noun class 11.

Usage notes

Except for nouns where the stem is of one syllable, n can only be followed by g, d, j, y, and z in Swahili. As a result of this, when the stem starts with a vowel, n- changes to ny-, when it starts with a b or v it changes to a m, and *nw, *nl, and *nr becomes mb, nd, and nd respectively. In front of any stems where these rules cannot be applied, it disappears.

See also

• Appendix:Swahili noun classes

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *n-.

Prefix

n-

1. Class 9 simple noun prefix.

Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).