n-
TranslingualEdit
PrefixEdit
n-
- (SI prefix) Abbreviation of nano-.
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Abbreviation of normal.
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
n-
- (organic chemistry) normal-form of a functional group (or molecule), being the long-chain form (unbranched chain)
Coordinate termsEdit
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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See alsoEdit
AbenakiEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Related to nia (“I, me”).
PrefixEdit
n-
- (prefixed to nouns, used before consonants) my
- (prefixed to verbs, used before consonants) I
- (prefixed to verbs, used before consonants) I (exclusive we)
Coordinate termsEdit
- nd- (used before vowels)
AlbanianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Alternative form of m-, attested earlier as ën- (Buzuku).
PrefixEdit
n-
Derived termsEdit
AromanianEdit
PrefixEdit
n-
- Alternative form of ãn-
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Dutch ne, en, from Old Dutch ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne.
PrefixEdit
n-
- Used to negate the pronoun or adverb which follows it, yielding the same part of speech
Derived termsEdit
EgyptianEdit
PrefixEdit
|
- Alternative form of m- (noun-forming prefix) before labial consonants
EmilianEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
n- (adverbial)
- (before a vowel) Alternative form of in
- A-g n-ò dimándi. ― I have a lot (of them).
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
Abbreviation of normale.
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
n-
- (organic chemistry) n-; (normal-form)
Derived termsEdit
KambaEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PrefixEdit
n-
- I (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)
MalteseEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Arabic نَ (na, first-person plural imperfect prefix). The use also for the first-person singular is found in Maghrebi Arabic dialects.
Alternative formsEdit
PrefixEdit
n-
Etymology 2Edit
ArticleEdit
n-
- Alternative form of il-
Usage notesEdit
- Used after a vowel and before the letter n. For details on usage, see the main lemma.
MaquiritariEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Cognate to prefixes analyzed as object nominalizers, switching nominalized forms from nouns of action to nouns referring to the patient argument. The Ye'kwana form has a rather different scope of use.
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
n-
- Marks that (person markers on) a derivation from a transitive verb refer to the agent argument of the verb rather than the patient argument; used with verbs adverbialized with -e or nominalized with -dü or -'jüdü.
Usage notesEdit
This prefix comes between the person marker and the verb stem.
Etymology 2Edit
Alternative formsEdit
- (allomorph before a consonant) ni-
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
n-
- Marks a nonderived transitive verb as having a third-person agent/subject and patient/object.
- Marks a nonderived intransitive verb with agent-like or patient-like argument as having a third-person argument/subject.
Usage notesEdit
The form n- is used with stems that start with a vowel; ni- is used with those that start with a consonant, in which case the initial consonant is also palatalized.
This person marker is used with all types of verbs when marked with originally nonderived tense/aspect/mood markers, excepting only the admonitive -'no and prohibitive -i negative command suffixes and the uncertain future marker -tai, which require the transcategorical third person marker y-, and the distant past markers, which require the distance-specific person morpheme kün-.
Though in all other circumstances Maquiritari third-person prefixes also cover the first person dual exclusive, this prefix is not used when the patient of a transitive verb is first-person-dual-exclusive.
InflectionEdit
pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument |
postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u- | w-, wi- | |||||||
first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki- | |||||||
second person | amödö | ö-, öy-, o-, oy-, a-, ay- | m-, mi- | |||||||
first person dual exclusive | nña | y-, ch-, ∅-, i- | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | |||||
third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | ||||||||
distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | ||||||||
coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | |||||||
reciprocal | — | — | öö- |
series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
---|---|
first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
first person dual exclusive > second person | |
second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
second person > first person dual exclusive | |
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |
ReferencesEdit
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “n-”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, page 152, 182–184, 190–191, 200, 202–203
OjibweEdit
PrefixEdit
n-
- Alternative form of ni-
Usage notesEdit
n- appears before stems that begin with the vowels oo and ii.
See alsoEdit
Old IrishEdit
PrefixEdit
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
See Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used.
Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.
Person | Infixed | Suffixed | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Class A | Class B | Class C | ||
1 sing. | m-L | dom-L, dam-L | -um | |
2 sing. | t-L | dot-L, dat-L, dut-L, dit-L | -ut | |
3 sing. m. | a-N, e-N | d-N | id-N, did-N, d-N | -i, -it |
3 sing. f. | s-(N) | da- | -us | |
3 sing. n. | a-L, e-L | d-L | id-L, did-L, d-L | -i, -it |
1 pl. | n- | don-, dun-, dan- | -unn | |
2 pl. | b- | dob-, dub-, dab- | -uib | |
3 pl. | s-(N) | da- | -us | |
L means this form triggers lenition. N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis) (N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others. |
PrefixEdit
n- (class B & C infixed pronoun)
- Alternative form of d-
SwahiliEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- (before a vowel) ny-
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bantu *n-.
PrefixEdit
n- (plural n-)
- The prefix for noun class 9 denoting animals and miscellaneous nouns.
- Used as a class for foreign borrowings that cannot fit other classes morphologically.
- The prefix for noun class 10 denoting the plurals of noun class 9 and noun class 11.
Usage notesEdit
Except for nouns where the stem is of one syllable, n can only be followed by g, d, j, y, and z in Swahili. As a result of this, when the stem starts with a vowel, n- changes to ny-, when it starts with a b or v it changes to a m, and *nw, *nl, and *nr becomes mb, nd, and nd respectively. In front of any stems where these rules cannot be applied, it disappears.
See alsoEdit
ZuluEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bantu *n-.
PrefixEdit
n-
- Class 9 simple noun prefix.
Usage notesEdit
The variant form m- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).