Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/paŋdan

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Austronesian *paŋudaN.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /paŋdan/

Noun edit

*paŋdan

any of the screw pines; Pandanus spp.

Descendants edit

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *pandan
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Flores–Lembata:
    - Sika: pedang
  - Sumba–Flores:
    - Kambera: pàndangu
    - Manggarai: pandang
    - Rembong: pandang
  - Timor–Babar:
    - Bilba: henak
    - Leti (Indonesia): edna, enna
    - Tetun Dili: hedan
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *panran
  - Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih: *fanran
    - Kowiai: fodan
  - Proto-Oceanic: *padran
    - Admiralty Islands:
      - Manus:
        Eastern:
        Andra-Hus: pah
        Leipon: padr
        Papitalai: par
        Intermediate:
        Lou: par
      - Southeast:
        Loniu: pa
      - Western:
        Aua: para
        Wuvulu: paxa
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic:
      - Central Pacific:
        Fijian: vadra
        Proto-Polynesian: *fara
        Proto-Nuclear Polynesian: *fala
        Proto-Eastern Polynesian: *fara
        Marquesic:
        Hawaiian: hala
        Mangarevan: ʻara
        North Marquesan: haʻa
        South Marquesan: faʻa
        Tahitic:
        Maori: whara, hara
        Rakahanga-Manihiki: hara
        Rarotongan: ‘ara
        Tahitian: fara
        Tuamotuan: fara, hara
        Western Polynesian:
        Ellicean–Outlier:
        Kapingamarangi: hala
        Nukumanu: hara
        Pileni: hala
        Sikaiana: hala
        Takuu: fara, hara
        Tuvaluan: fala
        Futunic:
        Anuta: para, paa
        East Futuna: fala
        Futuna-Aniwa: fara
        Pukapukan: wala
        Tikopia: fara
        Samoic:
        Samoan: fala
        Tokelauan: fala
        Tongic: *faa
        Niuean: fā
        Tongan: fā, faá
        Rotuman: hata
        Western Fijian: vadra
      - Micronesian:
        Gilbertese: ara
        Puluwat: faar
        Woleaian: fash, fasha
      - Southeast Solomonic:
        Lau: fada-da
      - Southern Oceanic:
        Iaai: watr
    - St. Matthias Islands:
      - Mussau-Emira: arana
    - Western Oceanic:
      - Gedaged: pad
      - Gitua: pada
      - Mbula: paanda
Western Malayo-Polynesian:
- Greater Barito:
  - Malagasy: fandrana
  - Ngaju: pandan
- Proto-Philippine: *paŋdan
  - Greater Central Philippine:
    - Central Philippine:
      - Aklanon: pangdan
      - Bikol Central: pangdan, pandan
      - Cebuano: pangdan
      - Tagalog: pandan
    - Danao:
      - Maranao: pandan
    - Gorontalo–Mongondow:
      - Mongondow: pondang
    - South Mangyan:
      - Hanunoo: pangdan
  - Minahasan:
    - Tontemboan: pondang
  - Northern Luzon:
    - Ilocano: pangdan
    - Isnag: pandan
    - Kankanaey: pangdan
  - Sangiric:
    - Ratahan: pondang
    - Sangir: pondang
    - Talaud: pondanna, pondangnga
- Celebic:
  - Muna: ponda
  - Pamona: pondani
- Moklenic:
  - Moken: panan
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
  - Batak:
    - Karo Batak: pandan
    - Toba Batak: pandan
  - Mentawai: padat
  - Simeulue: pandan
- Chamorro: påhong
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
  - Bali–Sasak:
    - Balinese: pandan, pandhan
    - Sasak: pandan
  - Madurese: pandhan
  - Proto-Malayic: *pandan
    - Ibanic:
      - Iban: pandan
    - Malayan:
      - Brunei Malay: pandan
      - Malay: pandan
        Indonesian: pandan
  - Sundanese: pandan
- Old Javanese: paṇḍan
  - Javanese: pandhan, pandan
- Proto-South Sulawesi:
  - Buginese: panreng
  - Makasar: pandang
  - Mandar: pandeng
  - Selayar: pandang
  - Tae': pondan