par
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Abbreviations
NounEdit
par
- Abbreviation of paragraph.
- Abbreviation of parenthesis.
- Abbreviation of parish.
AdjectiveEdit
par
- Abbreviation of parallel.
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from French par (“through, by”), from Latin per (“through”). Doublet of per.
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /pɑː/
- (US) IPA(key): /pɑɹ/, [pʰɑɹ], [pʰɑ˞]
Audio (UK) (file) Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)
- Homophones: pa (non-rhotic), pah (non-rhotic; etymology 2), paw (non-rhotic with cot-caught and father-bother mergers)
PrepositionEdit
par
- (in compounds) By; with.
Usage notesEdit
- Used frequently in Middle English in phrases taken from French, being sometimes written as a part of the word which it governs; as, par amour, or paramour; par cas, or parcase; par fay, or parfay.
Etymology 3Edit
Borrowed from Latin pār (“equal”).
NounEdit
par (plural pars)
- Equal value; equality of nominal and actual value; the value expressed on the face or in the words of a certificate of value, as a bond or other commercial paper.
- Equality of condition or circumstances.
- (golf, mostly uncountable) The allotted number of strokes to reach the hole.
- He needs to make this shot for par.
- (golf, countable) A hole in which a player achieves par.
- 2009, January 18, Paul Casey storms to four-stroke lead in Abu Dhabi[1]:
- Kaymer started with six straight pars before making a birdie on the seventh and an eagle on the eighth.
- (UK) An amount which is taken as an average or mean.
Coordinate termsEdit
(golf score):
Derived termsEdit
VerbEdit
par (third-person singular simple present pars, present participle parring, simple past and past participle parred)
- (transitive, golf) To reach the hole in the allotted number of strokes.
- He will need to par every hole in order to win this game.
Etymology 4Edit
NounEdit
par (plural pars)
- Alternative form of parr (“young salmon”)
AnagramsEdit
Ambonese MalayEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Portuguese para.
PrepositionEdit
par
- for
- in order to
- par bali roko ― in order to buy tobacco
ReferencesEdit
- D. Takaria, C. Pieter (1998) Kamus Bahasa Melayu Ambon-Indonesia[2], Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa
AromanianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin pāreō. Compare Daco-Romanian părea, par.
Alternative formsEdit
VerbEdit
par (past participle pãrutã)
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Latin pālus. Compare Daco-Romanian par.
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
par
Related termsEdit
ChavacanoEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
par
DanishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From late Old Danish par, from Middle Low German par, from Latin pār.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
par n (singular definite parret, plural indefinite par)
InflectionEdit
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
par c
Etymology 3Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
par
- imperative of parre
FaroeseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From late Old Norse par, from Middle Low German par, from Latin pār.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
par n (genitive singular pars, plural pør)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of par | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n5 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | par | parið | pør | pørini |
accusative | par | parið | pør | pørini |
dative | pari | parinum | pørum | pørunum |
genitive | pars | parsins | para | paranna |
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle French par, from Old French par, from Latin per, from Proto-Indo-European *peri.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
par
- through
- par la fenêtre ― through the window
- aller par le parc ― go through the park
- by (used to introduce a means; used to introduce an agent in a passive construction))
- voyager par train ― travel by train
- par surprise ― by surprise
- le bateau est attaqué par des pirates. ― the boat is [being] attacked by pirates.
- over (used to express direction)
- Viens par ici ! ― Come over here!
- from (used to describe the origin of something, especially a view or movement)
- voir par devant ― see from the back
- le liquide est arrivé par le robinet ― the liquid arrived from the tap
- around, round (inside of)
- par tout le cinéma ― all around the cinema
- on (situated on, used in certain phrases)
- par terre ― on the ground
- on, at, in (used to denote a time when something occurs)
- par un beau jour ― on a nice day
- par un soir ― in one evening
- in
- marcher par deux ― walk in twos
- per, a, an
- trois fois par semaine ― three times a week
- out of (used to describe the reason for something)
- par pure colère ― out of pure anger
- par tristesse ― out of sadness
- for
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- → English: par
NounEdit
par m (plural pars)
- (golf) par
Further readingEdit
- “par”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
AnagramsEdit
FriulianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PrepositionEdit
par
Gabrielino-FernandeñoEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *pa.
NounEdit
par
ReferencesEdit
- Kroeber, Shoshonean Dialects of California, in University of California Publications: American archaeology and ethnology, volume 4, page 81
- HG
GermanEdit
DeterminerEdit
par (invariable)
- Obsolete spelling of paar (“a few, couple”)
IcelandicEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Low German par, from Latin pār (“equal”).
NounEdit
par n (genitive singular pars, nominative plural pör)
DeclensionEdit
SynonymsEdit
- (pair): tvenna
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
par n (genitive singular pars, no plural)
DeclensionEdit
Indo-PortugueseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Portuguese para, from Old Portuguese pera, from Latin per (“through”) + ad (“to”).
PrepositionEdit
par
- (Diu) to (indicates indirect object)
- 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:
- Já fallou par su pai aquêl mais piquin, […]
- The youngest one told (literally: said to) his father […]
- Já fallou par su pai aquêl mais piquin, […]
- 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:
- (Diu) for (indicates subject of an infinitive)
- 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:
- Trasê tamêm um vaquinh bem gord e matá par nós comê e par nós regalá:
- Bring also a small and very fat cow and kill (it) for us to eat and for us to regale ourselves:
- Trasê tamêm um vaquinh bem gord e matá par nós comê e par nós regalá:
- 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:
IstriotEdit
EtymologyEdit
PrepositionEdit
par
KaqchikelEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Mayan *pahay.
NounEdit
par
ReferencesEdit
- Brown, R. McKenna; Maxwell, Judith M.; Little, Walter E. (2006) ¿La ütz awäch? Introduction to Kaqchikel Maya Language, Austin: University of Texas Press, page 237
- Ruyán Canú, Déborah; Coyote Tum, Rafael; Munson L., Jo Ann (1991) Diccionario cakchiquel central y español[3] (in Spanish), Instituto Lingüístico de Verano de Centroamérica, page 180
LatinEdit
EtymologyEdit
Unclear. A traditional reconstruction is Proto-Indo-European *per(h₂)- (“to exchange”), comparing Ancient Greek πέρνημι (pérnēmi) etc. and Lithuanian pirkti; but this accounts badly for the /a(ː)/. De Vaan suggests *peh₂s- (“to watch (over), see?”), linking Latin pāreō. All possibilities nonetheless suffer semantic problems. Others refrain from assigning an Indo-European root.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
pār (genitive paris, comparative parior, superlative parissimus, adverb pariter); third-declension one-termination adjective
- even (of a number)
- equal
- Synonyms: aequus, aequālis, compār, adaequātus
- Antonyms: dispār, inaequālis, impār, inīquus
- like
- suitable
DeclensionEdit
Third-declension one-termination adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
Nominative | pār | parēs | paria | ||
Genitive | paris | parium | |||
Dative | parī | paribus | |||
Accusative | parem | pār | parēs | paria | |
Ablative | parī | paribus | |||
Vocative | pār | parēs | paria |
NounEdit
par n (genitive pāris); third declension
DeclensionEdit
Third-declension noun (neuter, “pure” i-stem).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | par | pāria |
Genitive | pāris | pārium |
Dative | pārī | pāribus |
Accusative | par | pāria |
Ablative | pārī | pāribus |
Vocative | par | pāria |
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
See alsoEdit
LatvianEdit
PrepositionEdit
par (with accusative)
MalteseEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
par m (plural pari)
Derived termsEdit
Middle FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French par.
ConjunctionEdit
par
- by (introduces an agent)
- 1532, François Rabelais, Pantagruel:.
- Comment Epistemon qui avoit la teste tranchée, fut guery habillement par Panurge.
- How Epistemon who had his head cut off was adroitly cured by Panurge
DescendantsEdit
Northern KurdishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From *p- + *ar-, cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬁𐬭𐬆- (yārə-, “year”), English year, all from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁r- (“year”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
par f
NounEdit
par f
AdverbEdit
par
Norwegian BokmålEdit
NounEdit
par n (definite singular paret, indefinite plural par, definite plural para or parene)
- a pair
- et par sko ― a pair of shoes
- a couple
- a few (determiner)
- for et par dager siden ― a few days ago
Derived termsEdit
NounEdit
par n
- (golf, uncountable) par
- ett slag under par ― one stroke under par
Norwegian NynorskEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Norse par, from Middle Low German par, from Latin paria (“equals”), neuter plural of pār. Akin to English pair.
NounEdit
par n (definite singular paret, indefinite plural par, definite plural para)
- a pair
- eit par sko ― a pair of shoes
- a couple
- a few (determiner)
- for eit par dagar sidan ― a few days ago
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
par n
- (golf, uncountable) par
- eitt slag under par ― one stroke under par
ReferencesEdit
- “par” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
ConjunctionEdit
par
- by; via (introduces a medium)
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide
- Tost m'oceïst par son orguel.
- Soon, he killed with his pride.
- Tost m'oceïst par son orguel.
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide
- because of; due to (introduces a medium)
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide
- Premiers sont au mostier venu,
La furent par devocion- The first ones came to the minster,
they were there to pray
- The first ones came to the minster,
- Premiers sont au mostier venu,
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide
- by
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide
- L'une a l'autre par la main prise,
- They took each other by the hand
- L'une a l'autre par la main prise,
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide
- by; through; across
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide
- Li cheval par le chanp s'an fuient.
- The horses fled through the field
- Li cheval par le chanp s'an fuient.
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide
- by (introduces an exclamation)
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide
- "Sire, par Deu et par sa croiz!
- "Sire! By God and by his cross!"
- "Sire, par Deu et par sa croiz!
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide
- in (at a location)
DescendantsEdit
PhaluraEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
par (Perso-Arabic spelling پر)
- suddenly
Alternative formsEdit
ReferencesEdit
PolishEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
par
PortugueseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Portuguese par, from Latin pār (“equal, like”), from Proto-Indo-European *per (“exchange”).
PronunciationEdit
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Hyphenation: par
NounEdit
par m (plural pares)
Derived termsEdit
AdjectiveEdit
par m or f (plural pares, not comparable)
- (mathematics) even
- Antonym: ímpar
Related termsEdit
RomagnolEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Latin per (“by means of”). Compare Italian per (“for; to; through”).
PrepositionEdit
par
ReferencesEdit
- Masotti, Adelmo (1999) Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano (in Italian), Zanichelli, page 418
RomanianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin pālus (“stake”), from Proto-Italic *pākslos, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-slos, from *peh₂ǵ-.
NounEdit
par m (plural pari)
DeclensionEdit
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Etymology 2Edit
AdjectiveEdit
par m or n (feminine singular pară, masculine plural pari, feminine and neuter plural pare)
- (of an integer) even; divisible by two
DeclensionEdit
AntonymsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
Form of părea.
VerbEdit
par
- inflection of părea:
SassareseEdit
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
par
- Alternative form of pa', sometimes used before vowel sounds
- 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Dipididda [Parting]”, in La poesia di l'althri, Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 15:
- […] O me’ ziddài, digussì bedda
e àipra, eu t’aggiu di dagà par eddu- O town of mine, so beautiful and harsh, I'll have to leave you for it [destiny]
ReferencesEdit
- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
Serbo-CroatianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From German Paar, from Latin par (“equal, like”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
pȃr m (Cyrillic spelling па̑р)
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
SloveneEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
pár m inan
InflectionEdit
Masculine inan., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | pár | ||
gen. sing. | pára | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
pár | pára | pári |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
pára | párov | párov |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
páru | pároma | párom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
pár | pára | páre |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
páru | párih | párih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
párom | pároma | pári |
SynonymsEdit
- (some): nekaj
See alsoEdit
Poker hands in Slovene · poker karte (layout · text) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
najvišja karta | par | dva para | tris | lestvica, kenta | |
barva | full house | poker | barvna lestvica | kraljeva lestvica |
Further readingEdit
- “par”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
SpanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin pār (“equal, like”), from Proto-Indo-European *per (“exchange”).
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
par (plural pares)
Derived termsEdit
NounEdit
par m (plural pares)
- pair (two of the same or similar items that go together)
- un par de calcetines
- a pair of socks
- couple (two of the same or similar items)
- bebí un par de cervezas
- I drank a couple of beers
- (physics) two equal non-collinear forces; that is a force couple in Newtonian mechanics
- peer (somebody who is, or something that is, at a level equal)
- some, a few
NounEdit
par f (plural pares)
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “par”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
SwedishEdit
PronunciationEdit
audio (file)
NounEdit
par n
DeclensionEdit
Declension of par | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | par | paret | par | paren |
Genitive | pars | parets | pars | parens |
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- → Finnish: pari
AnagramsEdit
TagalogEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
par
Tok PisinEdit
NounEdit
par
VenetianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin pār. Compare Italian paio.
NounEdit
par m (plural pari)
West FrisianEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
NounEdit
par c (plural parren, diminutive parke)
Further readingEdit
- “par”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011