par
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Abbreviations
Noun edit
par
- Abbreviation of paragraph.
- 2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic, page 419:
- And this particular Chisolm — as the papers had spelled out in headlines and opening pars — had been a soldier, a corporal in the British Army.
- Abbreviation of parenthesis.
- Abbreviation of parish.
Adjective edit
par
- Abbreviation of parallel.
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from French par (“through, by”), from Latin per (“through”). Doublet of per.
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /pɑː/
- (US) IPA(key): /pɑɹ/, [pʰɑɹ], [pʰɑ˞]
Audio (Southern England) (file) Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)
- Homophones: pa (non-rhotic), pah (non-rhotic; etymology 2), paw (non-rhotic with cot-caught and father-bother mergers)
Preposition edit
par
- (in compounds) By; with.
Usage notes edit
- Used frequently in Middle English in phrases taken from French, being sometimes written as a part of the word which it governs; as, par amour, or paramour; par cas, or parcase; par fay, or parfay.
Etymology 3 edit
Borrowed from Latin pār (“equal”).
Noun edit
par (countable and uncountable, plural pars)
- Equal value; equality of nominal and actual value; the value expressed on the face or in the words of a certificate of value, as a bond or other commercial paper.
- Equality of condition or circumstances.
- (golf, mostly uncountable) The allotted number of strokes to reach the hole.
- He needs to make this shot for par.
- (golf, countable) A hole in which a player achieves par.
- 2009 January 18, “Paul Casey storms to four-stroke lead in Abu Dhabi”, in Herald Sun[1]:
- Kaymer started with six straight pars before making a birdie on the seventh and an eagle on the eighth.
- (UK) An amount which is taken as an average or mean.
Coordinate terms edit
(golf score):
Derived terms edit
Verb edit
par (third-person singular simple present pars, present participle parring, simple past and past participle parred)
- (transitive, golf) To reach the hole in the allotted number of strokes.
- He will need to par every hole in order to win this game.
Etymology 4 edit
Noun edit
par (plural pars)
- Alternative form of parr (“young salmon”)
Etymology 5 edit
Borrowed from Jamaican Creole, itself from partner.
Verb edit
par (third-person singular simple present pars, present participle parring, simple past and past participle parred)
- (MLE, MTE) To associate, to chill, to hang.
- 2007 May 21, “Sirens” (track 3), in Maths + English[2], performed by Dizzee Rascal:
- Par with the hard heads and young offenders.
- 2016 August 12, “Don't run” (track 2), in PARTYNEXTDOOR 3(PX3)[4], performed by PARTYNEXTDOOR:
- Don't par wih a broke boy, I'll do the most.
See also edit
Anagrams edit
Ambonese Malay edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Portuguese para.
Preposition edit
par
- for
- in order to
- par bali roko ― in order to buy tobacco
References edit
- D. Takaria, C. Pieter (1998) Kamus Bahasa Melayu Ambon-Indonesia[5], Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa
Aromanian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Latin pāreō. Compare Daco-Romanian părea, par.
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
par first-singular present indicative (past participle pãrutã)
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Latin pālus. Compare Daco-Romanian par.
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
par
Related terms edit
Chavacano edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
par
Danish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From late Old Danish par, from Middle Low German par, from Latin pār.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
par n (singular definite parret, plural indefinite par)
Inflection edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
par c
Etymology 3 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
par
- imperative of parre
Faroese edit
Etymology edit
From late Old Norse par, from Middle Low German par, from Latin pār.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
par n (genitive singular pars, plural pør)
Declension edit
Declension of par | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n5 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | par | parið | pør | pørini |
accusative | par | parið | pør | pørini |
dative | pari | parinum | pørum | pørunum |
genitive | pars | parsins | para | paranna |
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French par, from Old French par, from Latin per, from Proto-Indo-European *peri.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
par
- through
- par la fenêtre ― through the window
- aller par le parc ― go through the park
- by (used to introduce a means; used to introduce an agent in a passive construction)
- voyager par train ― travel by train
- par surprise ― by surprise
- le bateau est attaqué par des pirates. ― the boat is [being] attacked by pirates.
- over (used to express direction)
- Viens par ici ! ― Come over here!
- from (used to describe the origin of something, especially a view or movement)
- voir par devant ― see from the back
- le liquide est arrivé par le robinet ― the liquid arrived from the tap
- around, round (inside of)
- par tout le cinéma ― all around the cinema
- on (situated on, used in certain phrases)
- par terre ― on the ground
- on, at, in (used to denote a time when something occurs)
- par un beau jour ― on a nice day
- par un soir ― in one evening
- in
- marcher par deux ― walk in twos
- per, a, an
- trois fois par semaine ― three times a week
- out of (used to describe the reason for something)
- par pure colère ― out of pure anger
- par tristesse ― out of sadness
- for
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- → English: par
Noun edit
par m (plural pars)
- (golf) par
Further reading edit
- “par”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Friulian edit
Etymology edit
Preposition edit
par
Gabrielino-Fernandeño edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *pa.
Noun edit
par
References edit
- Kroeber, Shoshonean Dialects of California, in University of California Publications: American archaeology and ethnology, volume 4, page 81
- HG
German edit
Determiner edit
par (invariable)
Icelandic edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Low German par, from Latin pār (“equal”).
Noun edit
par n (genitive singular pars, nominative plural pör)
Declension edit
Synonyms edit
- (pair): tvenna
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
par n (genitive singular pars, no plural)
Declension edit
Indo-Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
From Portuguese para, from Old Galician-Portuguese pera, from Latin per (“through”) + ad (“to”).
Preposition edit
par
- (Diu) to (indicates indirect object)
- 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:
- Já fallou par su pai aquêl mais piquin, […]
- The youngest one told (literally: said to) his father […]
- (Diu) for (indicates subject of an infinitive)
- 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:
- Trasê tamêm um vaquinh bem gord e matá par nós comê e par nós regalá:
- Bring also a small and very fat cow and kill (it) for us to eat and for us to regale ourselves:
Istriot edit
Etymology edit
Preposition edit
par
Jamaican Creole edit
Etymology edit
Verb edit
par
- To associate, to chill, to hang.
- 2007 January 1, “The Traffic Jam” (track 5), in Mind Control[7], performed by Stephen Marley, Damian Marley, and Julian Marley:
- DAMIAN MARLEY:Cause him too par with we, we here when Demus show love
- Because he also associated with us, we were here when Chaka Demus showed love.
- 2009 June 16, “No Cocaine” (track 2), in Escape From Babylon[8], performed by Alborosie:
- Mi na go par with T.Montana neither Pablo Escobar
- I'm not going to hang out with Tony Montana or Pablo Escobar.
Kaqchikel edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Mayan *pahay.
Noun edit
par
References edit
- Brown, R. McKenna; Maxwell, Judith M.; Little, Walter E. (2006) ¿La ütz awäch? Introduction to Kaqchikel Maya Language, Austin: University of Texas Press, page 237
- Ruyán Canú, Déborah; Coyote Tum, Rafael; Munson L., Jo Ann (1991) Diccionario cakchiquel central y español[9] (in Spanish), Instituto Lingüístico de Verano de Centroamérica, page 180
Latin edit
Etymology edit
Unclear. A traditional reconstruction is Proto-Indo-European *per(h₂)- (“to exchange”), comparing Ancient Greek πέρνημι (pérnēmi) etc. and Lithuanian pirkti; but this accounts badly for the /a(ː)/. De Vaan suggests *peh₂s- (“to watch (over), see?”), linking Latin pāreō. All possibilities nonetheless suffer semantic problems. Others refrain from assigning an Indo-European root.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
pār (genitive paris, comparative parior, superlative parissimus, adverb pariter); third-declension one-termination adjective
- even (of a number)
- equal
- Synonyms: aequus, aequālis, compār, adaequātus
- Antonyms: dispār, inaequālis, impār, inīquus
- like
- suitable
Declension edit
Third-declension one-termination adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
Nominative | pār | parēs | paria | ||
Genitive | paris | parium | |||
Dative | parī | paribus | |||
Accusative | parem | pār | parēs | paria | |
Ablative | parī | paribus | |||
Vocative | pār | parēs | paria |
Noun edit
pār m or f (genitive paris); third declension
Declension edit
Third-declension noun (i-stem).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | pār | parēs |
Genitive | paris | parium |
Dative | parī | paribus |
Accusative | parem | parēs parīs |
Ablative | pare | paribus |
Vocative | pār | parēs |
Noun edit
pār n (genitive paris); third declension
Declension edit
Third-declension noun (neuter, “pure” i-stem).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | pār | paria |
Genitive | paris | parium |
Dative | parī | paribus |
Accusative | pār | paria |
Ablative | parī | paribus |
Vocative | pār | paria |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
See also edit
References edit
- “par”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “par”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
Latvian edit
Preposition edit
par (with accusative)
Maltese edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
par m (plural pari)
Derived terms edit
Middle French edit
Etymology edit
From Old French par.
Conjunction edit
par
- by (introduces an agent)
- 1532, François Rabelais, Pantagruel:
- Comment Epistemon qui avoit la teste tranchée, fut guery habillement par Panurge.
- How Epistemon who had his head cut off was adroitly cured by Panurge
Descendants edit
Northern Kurdish edit
Etymology edit
From *p- + *ar-, cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬁𐬭𐬆- (yārə-, “year”), English year, all from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁r- (“year”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
par f
Noun edit
par f
Adverb edit
par
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Noun edit
par n (definite singular paret, indefinite plural par, definite plural para or parene)
- a pair
- et par sko ― a pair of shoes
- a couple
- a few (determiner)
- for et par dager siden ― a few days ago
Derived terms edit
Noun edit
par n
- (golf, uncountable) par
- ett slag under par ― one stroke under par
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse par, from Middle Low German par, from Latin paria (“equals”), neuter plural of pār. Akin to English pair.
Noun edit
par n (definite singular paret, indefinite plural par, definite plural para)
- a pair
- eit par sko ― a pair of shoes
- a couple
- a few (determiner)
- for eit par dagar sidan ― a few days ago
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
par n
- (golf, uncountable) par
- eitt slag under par ― one stroke under par
References edit
- “par” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old French edit
Etymology edit
Conjunction edit
par
- by; via (introduces a medium)
- c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- Tost m'oceïst par son orguel.
- Soon, he killed with his pride.
- because of; due to (introduces a medium)
- c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- Premiers sont au mostier venu,
La furent par devocion- The first ones came to the minster,
they were there to pray
- The first ones came to the minster,
- by
- c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- L'une a l'autre par la main prise,
- They took each other by the hand
- by; through; across
- c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- Li cheval par le chanp s'an fuient.
- The horses fled through the field
- by (introduces an exclamation)
- c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- "Sire, par Deu et par sa croiz!
- "Sire! By God and by his cross!"
- in (at a location)
Descendants edit
Phalura edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
par (Perso-Arabic spelling پر)
- suddenly
Alternative forms edit
References edit
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
par
Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese par, from Latin pār (“equal, like”), from Proto-Indo-European *per (“exchange”).
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Hyphenation: par
Noun edit
par m (plural pares)
Derived terms edit
Adjective edit
par m or f (plural pares, not comparable)
- (mathematics) even
- Antonym: ímpar
Related terms edit
Romagnol edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Latin per (“by means of”). Compare Italian per (“for; to; through”).
Preposition edit
par
References edit
- Masotti, Adelmo (1996) Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano [Romagnol-Italian dictionary] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, page 418
Romanian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Latin pālus (“stake”), from Proto-Italic *pākslos, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-slos, from *peh₂ǵ-.
Noun edit
par m (plural pari)
Declension edit
Related terms edit
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Adjective edit
par m or n (feminine singular pară, masculine plural pari, feminine and neuter plural pare)
Declension edit
Etymology 3 edit
Form of părea.
Verb edit
par
- inflection of părea:
Sassarese edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
par
- Alternative form of pa', sometimes used before vowel sounds
- 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Dipididda [Parting]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others] (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 15:
- […] O me’ ziddài, digussì bedda
e àipra, eu t’aggiu di dagà par eddu- O town of mine, so beautiful and harsh, I'll have to leave you for it [destiny]
References edit
- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from German Paar, from Latin par (“equal, like”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
pȃr m (Cyrillic spelling па̑р)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Slovene edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
pár m inan
Inflection edit
Masculine inan., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | pár | ||
gen. sing. | pára | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
pár | pára | pári |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
pára | párov | párov |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
páru | pároma | párom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
pár | pára | páre |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
páru | párih | párih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
párom | pároma | pári |
Synonyms edit
- (some): nekaj
See also edit
Poker hands in Slovene · poker karte (layout · text) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
najvišja karta | par | dva para | tris | lestvica, kenta | |
barva | full house | poker | barvna lestvica | kraljeva lestvica |
Further reading edit
- “par”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Latin pār (“equal, like”), from Proto-Indo-European *per (“exchange”).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
par m or f (masculine and feminine plural pares)
Derived terms edit
Noun edit
par m (plural pares)
- pair (two of the same or similar items that go together)
- un par de calcetines
- a pair of socks
- couple (two of the same or similar items)
- bebí un par de cervezas
- I drank a couple of beers
- (physics) two equal non-collinear forces; that is a force couple in Newtonian mechanics
- peer (somebody who is, or something that is, at a level equal)
- some, a few
Noun edit
par f (plural pares)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “par”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish edit
Pronunciation edit
audio (file)
Noun edit
par n
Declension edit
Declension of par | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | par | paret | par | paren |
Genitive | pars | parets | pars | parens |
Related terms edit
Anagrams edit
Tagalog edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
par (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ᜔)
- (colloquial) Clipping of pare.
Tok Pisin edit
Noun edit
par
Venetian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Latin pār. Compare Italian paio.
Noun edit
par m (plural pari)
West Frisian edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
par c (plural parren, diminutive parke)
Further reading edit
- “par”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011