Wiktionary

pa

See also: Appendix:Variations of "pa"

TranslingualEdit

SymbolEdit

pa

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Punjabi.

EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Clipping of papa.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

pa (plural pas)

  1. (colloquial) Father, papa.
  2. (colloquial) Grandpa, grandfather.
Usage notesEdit
  • Often capitalized when used to refer to a specific person; see Pa.
Hey, Pa, I'd like you to meet my friend Jamie.
SynonymsEdit
TranslationsEdit

See alsoEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowed from Maori pā.

NounEdit

pa (plural pas)

  1. (New Zealand, now historical) A fortified Maori settlement, especially of pre-European times. [from 19th c.]
    • 2020, Sujit Sivasundaram, Waves Across the South, William Collins 2021, p. 68:
      A pa or Māori defence fortification appears at a height on the hill above the bay.
  2. (New Zealand) Any Maori village or settlement; a kainga. [from 19th c.]
Alternative formsEdit

AnagramsEdit

AfrikaansEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Dutch.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

pa (plural pa's)

  1. dad, father

SynonymsEdit

AntonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

AlbanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Albanian *apa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”). Cognate to Messapic [Term?] (apa, “from, out of, by”),[1] Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó, “away, off”), Sanskrit अप (apá).

PrepositionEdit

pa (+accusative)

  1. without, minus
  2. not counting, even without counting

[2]

AntonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ W. B. Lockwood, A Panorama of Indo-European languages, Hutchinson, 1972, p. 185
  2. ^ Leonard Newmark's Online Albanian Dictionary

AnutaEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Polynesian *fa, from Proto-Oceanic *pat, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

NumeralEdit

pa

  1. four

ArritinngithighEdit

NounEdit

pa

  1. liver

ReferencesEdit

  • Claire Bowern, Harold James Koch, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method (2004), page 411

AsturianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Compare Spanish pa, a contracted form of para.

PrepositionEdit

pa

  1. for

Usage notesEdit

  • The preposition pa contracts to p' before a word beginning with a- or ha-: p'Asturies (for Asturias), p'haber (for to have)

Derived termsEdit

BasqueEdit

NounEdit

pa inan

  1. kiss

Big NambasEdit

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

pa

  1. small

ReferencesEdit

BretonEdit

ConjunctionEdit

pa

  1. when, if

CatalanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Catalan pa (attested at least once as pan), from Latin pānis, possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to graze, feed”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

pa m (plural pans)

  1. bread

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

ChutEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Vietic *paː; cognate with Vietnamese ba.

PronunciationEdit

NumeralEdit

pa

  1. three

Classical NahuatlEdit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

pā

  1. (transitive) To dye

ReferencesEdit

  • Andrews, J. Richard (2003) Workbook for Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, revised edition edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, page 244
  • Karttunen, Frances (1983) An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, Austin: University of Texas Press, page 182

DakotaEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

pa

  1. head

ReferencesEdit

DutchEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

pa m (plural pa's, diminutive paatje n)

  1. pa, dad

DescendantsEdit

  • → Papiamentu: pachi (from the diminutive)

EsperantoEdit

InterjectionEdit

pa

  1. pah

FalaEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Portuguese pera.

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

pa

  1. to (indicates application of an adjective)
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 3: Radós:
      A radón mais grandi pa defendela é que é nossa LENGUA MATERNA, a “primeira lengua que un indivíduu aprendi de maneira ínnconscienti duranti a sua infancia” i en ela han aprindiu a idel as primeiras palabras […]
      The greatest reason to defend it is that it is our NATIVE LANGUAGE, the “first language that an individual learns in an unconscious manner during his infancy” and in it learned how to say his first words […]
  2. for (directed at, intended to belong to or to be appropriate for)
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 4: ¿Guerras, moas?:
      Encontramus opiniós pa tos os gustus.
      We found opinions for every taste.
  3. to, towards (indicates destination)
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme IX, Chapter 4: ¿Fala transerrana?:
      I nos, inda hoxii, con autonomía i tó siguimus idendu: “Vo pa Castilla”, […]
      And to this day we, with autonomy and everything, keep on saying: “I’ll go to Castille”, […]

ReferencesEdit

  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu [Fala Dictionary]‎[1], CIDLeS, →ISBN, page 215

GalicianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Galician and Old Portuguese paa, from Latin pāla (“shovel, spade”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

pa f (plural pas)

  1. shovel; spade (tool for digging and moving material)
  2. windmill blade
  3. the end of a paddle or oar with the blade
  4. (anatomy, zootomy) incisor

ReferencesEdit

  • “paa” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “paa” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
  • “pa” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “pa” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “pa” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

GaroEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

NounEdit

pa

  1. father

GuaraníEdit

NumeralEdit

pa

  1. ten

GunEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

pá (Nigeria)

  1. towards

Etymology 2Edit

Cognates include Saxwe Gbe kpà, Adja kpa, Fon kpà

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

pà (Nigeria)

  1. to cut, specifically hair
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

Cognates include Saxwe Gbe kpà, Adja kpa, Fon kpà

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

pà (Nigeria)

  1. to praise

Haitian CreoleEdit

EtymologyEdit

From French pas.

AdverbEdit

pa

  1. not

Usage notesEdit

  • Double negatives (e.g. pa ... janm or pa ... anyen) are grammatically correct in Haitian Creole.

HiwEdit

VerbEdit

pa

  1. to finish, (be brought to an) end

Further readingEdit

  • Alexandre François, Pragmatic demotion and clause dependency: On two atypical subordinating strategies in the Lo-Toga and Hiw (Torres, Vanuatu) (2010), in Clause Linking and Clause Hierarchy (edited by Isabelle Bril)

JapaneseEdit

RomanizationEdit

pa

  1. Rōmaji transcription of ぱ
  2. Rōmaji transcription of パ

K'iche'Edit

PrepositionEdit

pa

  1. in
  2. at
  3. on
  4. to
  5. into
  6. toward
  7. from
  8. during

ReferencesEdit

KabuverdianuEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Portuguese para.

PrepositionEdit

pa

  1. for
  2. to

LatvianEdit

PrepositionEdit

pa (with accusative or dative)

  1. on
  2. along
    iet pa ceļu ― to walk along the road
  3. to
  4. in
  5. through
  6. during
    pa naktīm ― during night
  7. by
    pa pastu ― by post
  8. over
    pa radio ― over the radio

MandarinEdit

RomanizationEdit

pa

  1. Nonstandard spelling of pā.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of pá.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of pà.

Usage notesEdit

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Middle EnglishEdit

NounEdit

pa

  1. Alternative form of po

Min NanEdit

For pronunciation and definitions of pa – see 吧.
(This character, pa, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 吧.)

Mono (California)Edit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Numic *pa from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *pa.

NounEdit

pa

  1. water

MuongEdit

Muong cardinal numbers
<  2 3 4  >
    Cardinal : pa

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Vietic *paː; cognate with Vietnamese ba.

PronunciationEdit

NumeralEdit

pa

  1. three

NguônEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Vietic *paː; cognate with Vietnamese ba.

PronunciationEdit

NumeralEdit

pa

  1. three

OccitanEdit

AdverbEdit

pa

  1. not (indicates negation)

Old PrussianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From the Proto-Indo-European root *upo- (“under, up”).

PrepositionEdit

pa

  1. under

AdverbEdit

pa

  1. under

Palu'eEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

NumeralEdit

pa

  1. four

PapiamentuEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Portuguese para and Spanish para and Kabuverdianu pa.

PrepositionEdit

pa

  1. to
  2. for
  3. by

PolishEdit

PronunciationEdit

InterjectionEdit

pa

  1. (familiar) bye

Derived termsEdit

interjection

Further readingEdit

  • pa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • pa in Polish dictionaries at PWN

PortugueseEdit

EtymologyEdit

Syncopic form of para.

PronunciationEdit

  • Hyphenation: pa

PrepositionEdit

pa

  1. (colloquial) Syncopic form of para

RomanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Hungarian pá.

PronunciationEdit

InterjectionEdit

pa

  1. bye

SynonymsEdit

Serbo-CroatianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Common South Slavic; compare Slovene pa, Bulgarian па (pa). See also pa-.

PronunciationEdit

ConjunctionEdit

pa (Cyrillic spelling па)

  1. (and) then
    Synonym: ȍndā
    prvo ću skočiti ja, pa ti ― I'll jump first, (and) then you
    učenje pa odmor pa zabava ― learning, then rest, then fun
  2. (and) so, therefore
    Synonym: stȍgā
    Potrošio sam sav novac, pa sam se morao vratiti kući. ― I've spent all of my money, so I had to go back home.
  3. (with da or màkar) even if, even though, although
  4. (with ȉpāk) (and, but) yet, still
    bogat je, pa ipak usamljen ― he's rich, but still lonely
  5. (with da + i) even if

ParticleEdit

pa (Cyrillic spelling па)

  1. so, so what
    Pa? ― So what?
  2. (for emphasis) well, so
    Pa dobro! ― All right, then!
    Pa što je s tobom? ― What's with you?
    Pa i ne baš ― Well, not exactly
    Pa što onda? ― So what?
  3. (regional, for emphasis) even
    Pa i moja baba već zna da to nije istina! ― Even my grandma knows that that is not true!

ShonaEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Bantu *-páa.

VerbEdit

-pá (infinitive kupá)

  1. to give

SkouEdit

NounEdit

pa

  1. water
    Móenòeng pe tue e tue pa.
    There are crocodiles in the water.

ReferencesEdit

  • Donohue, Mark. Rópu we te máwo pílang te: Skou dictionary draft. s.l. 80pp. (2002).

SlavomolisanoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Serbo-Croatian pa.

PronunciationEdit

ParticleEdit

pa

  1. well, so
    • 2010, Luigi Peca, “La guerre à Acquaviva”:
      Alora pa, ka biša gvera, ka pa je rivala kurta nasa ova gvera, mi, tuna žene aš ljuda, te ljuda veča… ka bihu veča zdrave – nò? mahu sa po hranit.
      Well then, during the war, when this war came close to us, we, all the women and men, the men (who were) more… who were healthier – you know? had to hide themselves.

ReferencesEdit

  • Breu, W., Mader Skender, M. B. & Piccoli, G. 2013. Oral texts in Molise Slavic (Italy): Acquaviva Collecroce. In Adamou, E., Breu, W., Drettas, G. & Scholze, L. (eds.). 2013. EuroSlav2010: Elektronische Datenbank bedrohter slavischer Varietäten in nichtslavophonen Ländern Europas – Base de données électronique de variétés slaves menacées dans des pays européens non slavophones. Konstanz: Universität / Paris: Lacito (Internet Publication).

SloveneEdit

PronunciationEdit

ConjunctionEdit

pa

  1. and
    Jaz pa ti. ― Me and you.
  2. but
    Je dober, ne pa najbolši. ― He is good but not the best.
  3. so
    Zaspal je, pa je zamudil šolo. ― He overslept, so he was late for school.

SpanishEdit

NounEdit

pa m (plural pas)

  1. (Latin America) Clipping of papá: dad; pop; papa

PrepositionEdit

pa

  1. Alternative form of pa'

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • Among the places this form is used is southern Arizona, per Anita Calneh Post, Southern Arizona Spanish phonology (1934), page 36: "The commonest loss of intervocalic r in southern Arizona is in para, which is always pa ..."

Further readingEdit

SumerianEdit

RomanizationEdit

pa

  1. Romanization of 𒉺 (pa)

SwahiliEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Bantu *-páa.

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

-pa (no plain infinitive)

  1. to give to (someone)
    Nimewapa kitabu. ― I have given them a book.
    Nijawapa kitabu. ― I have not yet given them a book.

ConjugationEdit

Conjugation of -pa (obligatory object concord)
Subjunctive -pe
Negative -pi
Object concord
Indicative positive
Singular Plural
1st person -nipa -tupa
2nd person -kupa -wapa/-kupeni/-wapeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpa -wapa
other classes —
Reflexive -jipa
Subjunctive
Singular Plural
1st person -nipe -tupe
2nd person -kupe -wape
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpe -wape
other classes —
Reflexive -jipe
Indicative negative
Singular Plural
1st person -nipi -tupi
2nd person -kupi -wapi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpi -wapi
other classes —
Reflexive -jipi
Relative forms general positive (positive subject concord + object concord + -pa- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -paye -pao
m-mi(III/IV) -pao -payo
ji-ma(V/VI) -palo -payo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -pacho -pavyo
n(IX/X) -payo -pazo
u(XI) -pao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -pako
pa(XVI) -papo
mu(XVIII) -pamo
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived termsEdit

ParticleEdit

pa

  1. Pa class inflected form of -a.

TagalogEdit

AdverbEdit

pa (Baybayin spelling ᜉ)

  1. yet
  2. still; eventually; in the future
  3. in addition
  4. in the past
  5. even
  6. (colloquial) Short for papunta.
    Pa-Espanya na ako.
    I'm coming to Spain.

NounEdit

pa (Baybayin spelling ᜉ)

  1. (colloquial, familiar, childish) Contraction of papa
    Synonyms: papa, ama, tatay, itay, tay, tatang
    Coordinate term: ma

Further readingEdit

ThoEdit

Tho cardinal numbers
<  2 3 4  >
    Cardinal : pa

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Vietic *paː; cognate with Vietnamese ba, Muong pa.

PronunciationEdit

NumeralEdit

pa

  1. three

TshobdunEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷak.

NounEdit

pa

  1. pig

Further readingEdit

  • Jackson T. S. Sun, Typology of Generic-Person Making in Tshobdun Rgyalrong (2014)

WalloonEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

pa m (plural pas)

  1. father

Coordinate termsEdit

WelshEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Celtic *kʷid, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid (compare *kʷis); compare Latin quid, Old Irish cid, Modern Irish cad, Cornish py, pe.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

pa

  1. (interrogative, archaic) what

DeterminerEdit

pa

  1. which

Derived termsEdit

Usage notesEdit

  • The usage of pa as an interrogative has been rendered obsolete by the modern word beth, which derives from the phrase pa beth, meaning literally ‘what thing’.
  • pa as a determiner tends to be replaced by pwy in Southern Welsh.

West MakianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

pa

  1. (transitive, with ta-) to request, ask for
    tapa ampong te ni ― I ask you for forgiveness
ConjugationEdit
Conjugation of pa (action verb)
singular plural
inclusive exclusive
1st person tapa mapa apa
2nd person napa fapa
3rd person inanimate ipa dapa
animate
imperative napa, pa fapa, pa

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

pa

  1. Alternative form of papa (“female”)

ReferencesEdit

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[2], Pacific linguistics
  • James Collins (1982) Further Notes Towards a West Makian Vocabulary‎[3], Pacific linguistics

WutunhuaEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

pa

  1. friend

ReferencesEdit

  • Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎[4], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN

YolaEdit

PrepositionEdit

pa

  1. Alternative form of apan
    • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:
      Pa ooree; Pa cawl.
      Upon each other; Upon the horse.

ReferencesEdit

  • Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 60

YorubaEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *kpa, possibly a Doublet of kú

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

pa

  1. (transitive) to kill
    Ẹ fẹ́ pa mí ni!?
    You want to kill me!?
    1. (transitive) to murder
      Ó pa ìyàwó ẹ̀.
      He murdered his wife.
    2. (transitive) to execute
    3. (transitive) to switch off, to turn off
      Má gbàgbé láti máa pa tẹlifíṣọ̀n.
      Don't forget to turn off the television.
    4. (transitive) to extinguish
      A dúpẹ́ pé wọ́n pa iná kó tó jó odindi ilé tán pátá.
      Thankfully the fire was extinguished before it burnt the whole house down.
    5. (transitive) to stop, to terminate
      Wọ́n pa ìlù.
      They stopped the drumming.
  2. (transitive) to pain, to kill
    Yéè! Ẹsẹ̀ yìí fẹ́ pa mí o!
    Ouch! My feet are killing me!
    1. (transitive) to disturb
      Ebi ń pa mí.
      Hunger is disturbing me.
      (I am hungry)
    2. (transitive) to intoxicate
      Ọtí ń pa wọ́n.
      Alchohol is intoxicating them.
      (They are drunk)
  3. (transitive) to open, to smash open, to thresh
    Ẹ bá mi pa obì yìí.
    Help me open this kola nut.
    Ó pa ọkà.
    He threshed the corn.
  4. (transitive) to hatch
    Adìyẹ mi ti pa ọmọ
    My hen's hatched chicks
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

pa

  1. (transitive) to tell, to convey
    Irọ́ l'o ń pa o! ― You're telling a lie!
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

pa

  1. (transitive) to rub
    Mo máa ń fi òrí pa ọwọ́ mi ― I use shea butter to moisturize my hands
  2. (transitive) to scorch, to drench, to beat usually in relation to weather
    Òjò ń pa mí. ― Rain is drenching me.
    Òjò ń pa òrùlé. ― The rain is beating the roof.
    Oòrùn ń pa mí. ― The sun is beating me.

Etymology 4Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

pa

  1. to gain, to make
    1. to earn (money)
      Wọn kì í pa owó látinú iṣẹ́ yìí. ― They don't make money from doing such work.
      Ọbẹ̀ tó dùn, owó ló pa á ― A delicious stew; money is what earnt it

Etymology 5Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

pa

  1. to be in a state, defined by a following adverb
    Òkun pa rọ́rọ́. ― The sea is calm.
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 6Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

pa

  1. to be tight
    Mo dè é pa ― I screwed it tight
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 7Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

pá

  1. to be bald
    Ó pá lórí. ― He's bald on the head.
    (He is bald)
Derived termsEdit

ZazakiEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (“foot”), cognates include Sanskrit पद् (pád), Latin pes (French pied), German Fuß, English foot.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

pa

  1. (anatomy) leg, foot

ZouEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *paa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pa. Cognates include Chinese 爸 (bà) and Tibetan པ་ཕ (pa pha).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

pá

  1. father
  2. grandfather

Etymology 2Edit

Perhaps related to Etymology 1.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

pa

  1. cousin

ReferencesEdit

  • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 60
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