Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/səj

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *syid (Coblin, 1986)
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *səy (Matisoff, STEDT; French, 1983); *səy, *siy (Weidert, 1987; Chou, 1972); *siy = *səy (LaPolla, 1987); *siy (Benedict, 1972; Michailovsky, 1991); *syiy(?) (Coblin, 1986)

Chinese 屍／尸 (“corpse”) perhaps belongs here too.

Verb

*səj

1. to die

Descendants

• Old Chinese: 死 (sǐ) /*sijʔ/ (B-S); /*l̥jiʔ/ (ZS) ("to die")

  (in the oracle bone script)

  • Middle Chinese: 死 (siɪX)

**:

→ Japanese: 死 (し, ​shi)
Korean: 사 (死, sa)
Vietnamese: tử (死)

• • • Modern Mandarin
      • Beijing: 死 (sǐ) (sǐ, /sz̩²¹⁴/)
    • Cantonese
      • Guangzhou: 死 (sǐ) /sei³⁵/, /ɕiː³⁵/
    • Wu
      • Shanghai: 死 (sǐ) /ɕi³⁴/ (colloquial), /sz̩³⁴/ (literary)
  • Min
    • Min Nan
      • Taiwan: 死 (sǐ) /ɕi⁵¹/ (colloquial), /su⁵¹/ (literary)
• Himalayish
  • Tibeto-Kanauri
    • Bodic
      • Tibetan
        • Dzongkha: ཤི (shi, “to die, to wilt, to dampen”)
        • Written Tibetan: འཆི་བ ('chi ba, “to die; to be destroyed”) (pf. ཤི (shi))
• Sal
  • Bodo-Koch
    • Bodo-Garo
      • Garo: sia
  • Jingpho-Asakian
    • Jingpho: si (“to die”)
• Tangut-Qiang
  • Northern Tangut
    • Tangut: 𗈶 (*sjɨ¹, “to die”), 𗴨 (*sjɨ̣¹, “to die”)
  • rGyalrongic
    • Japhug: si
    • Situ: (ka)ʃi, -ʃu
    • Tshobdun: set
• Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
  • Proto-Lolo-Burmese: *səj¹ (“to die”)
    • Burmish
      • Burmese: သေ (se, “to die”)
    • Proto-Loloish: *ʃe² (“to die”)
      • Northern Loloish
        • Yi (Liangshan): ꌦ (sy, “to die; to extinguish, to smother”)
      • Central Loloish
        • Lisu: ꓫꓵꓺ (ʃɨ̱, “to die”)
        • Lipo: 𖼳𖽡𖾐 (“to die”)
        • Lolopo: si (“to die”)
• Proto-Karen: *sejᴬ (Luangthongkum, 2013)
  • S'gaw Karen: သံ (thee, “to die, to perish”)
  • Pa'o Karen: သီ
  • Western Pwo: ၥံၫ
  • Western Kayah: ꤞꤛꤢꤩ꤭ (thyē)
• Kuki-Chin-Naga
  • Proto-Kuki-Chin: *thii, *thiʔ (“to die”)
    • Central Chin
      • Mizo: thi, thih (“to die”)

See also

• *g/b-sat (“to kill”)
• *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live, alive, green, raw, to give birth”)