Wiktionary

사

See also: -사 and 仆
사 U+C0AC, 사
HANGUL SYLLABLE SA
Composition:ㅅ + ㅏ
← 삫
[U+C0AB] 		Hangul Syllables 삭 →
[U+C0AD]
㈔ U+3214, ㈔
PARENTHESIZED HANGUL SIOS A
← ㈓
[U+3213] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㈕ →
[U+3215]
㉴ U+3274, ㉴
CIRCLED HANGUL SIOS A
← ㉳
[U+3273] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㉵ →
[U+3275]
사삭삮삯산삱삲
삳살삵삶삷삸삹
삺삻삼삽삾삿샀
상샂샃샄샅샆샇
삐 ←→ 새

Korean

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Korean numbers (edit)
40
 ←  3 4 5  → 
    Native isol.: 넷 (net)
    Native attr.: 네 (ne), (dated) 넉 (neok), (archaic) 너 (neo)
    Sino-Korean: 사 (sa)
    Hanja: 四
    Ordinal: 넷째 (netjjae)

Sino-Korean word from 四.

Pronunciation

edit
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?sa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?sa
McCune–Reischauer?sa
Yale Romanization?sā

Numeral

edit

사 • (sa) (hanja 四)

  1. (Sino-Korean numeral) four
    Synonyms: 네 (ne, “four”, determiner native numeral), 넷 (net, “four”, nominal native numeral)
Usage notes
edit

This numeral is sometimes considered unlucky because 사(四) (sa) is homophonous with 사(死) (sa), the hanja for "death". This is common throughout East Asia.

In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.

The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.

Native classifiers take native numerals.

Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.

Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.

For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.

  • 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
  • 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)

When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.

  • 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
  • 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)

While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.

Etymology 2

edit

Sino-Korean word from 社.

Pronunciation

edit
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?sa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?sa
McCune–Reischauer?sa
Yale Romanization?sa

Noun

edit

사 • (sa) (hanja 社)

  1. (formal) company
    Synonym: 회사(會社) (hoesa)
    그는 사를 나왔다. ― Geu-neun sa-reul nawatda. ― He left the company.

Suffix

edit

—사 • (-sa) (hanja 社)

  1. Short for 회사(會社) (hoesa, “company”).
    ‎신문(新聞) (sinmun, “newspaper”) + ‎사(社) (sa) → ‎신문사(新聞社) (sinmunsa, “newspaper agency”)

Derived terms

edit

Etymology 3

edit

Sino-Korean word from 死.

Pronunciation

edit
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?sa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?sa
McCune–Reischauer?sa
Yale Romanization?sā

Noun

edit

사 • (sa) (hanja 死)

  1. (literary) death
    Antonym: 생(生) (saeng, “life”)
    생과 사의 문제 ― saeng-gwa sa-ui munje ― The question of life and death

Counter

edit

사 • (sa) (hanja 死)

  1. (baseball) out

Derived terms

edit

Etymology 4

edit

Sino-Korean word from 私.

Pronunciation

edit
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?sa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?sa
McCune–Reischauer?sa
Yale Romanization?sa

Noun

edit

사 • (sa) (hanja 私)

  1. private or personal affair
    Antonym: 공(公) (gong)
    공과 사를 구분하다 ― gong-gwa sa-reul gubun-hada ― to distinguish what belongs to one's private and public/business life
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 5

edit

Sino-Korean word from 史.

Pronunciation

edit
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?sa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?sa
McCune–Reischauer?sa
Yale Romanization?sā

Noun

edit

사 • (sa) (hanja 史)

  1. (formal) history
    Synonym: 역사(歷史) (yeoksa)

Suffix

edit

—사 • (-sa) (hanja 史)

  1. history
    ‎한국(韓國) (Han'guk, “Korea”) + ‎사(史) (sa) → ‎한국사(韓國史) (han'guksa, “Korean history”)

Derived terms

edit

Etymology 6

edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

edit
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?sa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?sa
McCune–Reischauer?sa
Yale Romanization?sa

Noun

edit

사 • (sa)

  1. sol (musical note)

Etymology 7

edit

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

Syllable

edit

사 (sa)

More information
  1. 四: four
    (eumhun reading: 넉 사 (neok sa))
    (MC reading: 四 (MC sijH))
  2. 巳:
    (MC reading: 巳 (MC yiX|ziX|yiH))
  3. 士: scholar; gentleman; soldier
    (eumhun reading: 선비 사 (seonbi sa))
    (MC reading: 士 (MC dzriX))
  4. 仕: serve; official
    (eumhun reading: 섬길 사 (seomgil sa))
    (MC reading: 仕 (MC dzriX))
  5. 寺: temple
    (eumhun reading: 절 사 (jeol sa))
    (MC reading: 寺 (MC ziH))
  6. 史: history
    (eumhun reading: 사기 사 (sagi sa))
    (MC reading: 史 (MC sriX))
  7. 使: to use, to employ; envoy
    (eumhun reading: 부릴 사 (buril sa))
    (MC reading: 使 (MC sriX|sriH))
  8. 舍: house; residence
    (eumhun reading: 집 사 (jip sa))
    (MC reading: 舍 (MC syaeX|syaeH))
  9. 射: to shoot
    (eumhun reading: 쏠 사 (ssol sa))
    (MC reading: 射 (MC yaeH|zyaeH))
  10. 謝: apologize
    (eumhun reading: 사례할 사 (saryehal sa))
    (MC reading: 謝 (MC zjaeH))
  11. 師: teacher, master; (military) division, army
    (eumhun reading: 스승 사 (seuseung sa))
    (MC reading: 師 (MC srij))
  12. 死: death
    (eumhun reading: 죽을 사 (jugeul sa))
    (MC reading: 死 (MC sijX))
  13. 私: private, personal
    (eumhun reading: 사사 사 (sasa sa))
    (MC reading: 私 (MC sij))
  14. 絲:
    (MC reading: 絲 (MC si))
  15. 思: to think; thought; to yearn for
    (eumhun reading: 생각할 사 (saenggakhal sa))
    (MC reading: 思 (MC si|siH))
  16. 事: thing; matter
    (eumhun reading: 일 사 (il sa))
    (MC reading: 事 (MC tsriH|dzriH))
  17. 司:
    (MC reading: 司 (MC si))
  18. 詞: word
    (eumhun reading: 말 사 (mal sa))
    (MC reading: 詞 (MC zi))
  19. 蛇: long snake
    (eumhun reading: 긴 뱀 사 (gin baem sa))
    (MC reading: 蛇 (MC zyae))
  20. 捨:
    (MC reading: 捨 (MC syaeX))
  21. 邪:
    (MC reading: 邪 (MC yae|zjae))
  22. 賜:
    (MC reading: 賜 (MC sjeH))
  23. 斜: aslant
    (eumhun reading: 비낄 사 (bikkil sa))
    (MC reading: 斜 (MC yae|zjae))
  24. 詐:
    (MC reading: 詐 (MC tsraeH))
  25. 社: company; social
    (eumhun reading: 모일 사 (moil sa))
    (MC reading: 社 (MC dzyaeX))
  26. 沙: sand
    (eumhun reading: 모래 사 (morae sa))
    (MC reading: 沙 (MC srae|sraeH))
  27. 似:
    (MC reading: 似 (MC ziX))
  28. 査: investigate, inspect
    (eumhun reading: 조사할 사 (josahal sa))
    (MC reading: 査 (MC dzrea|dzrae))
  29. 寫: copy
    (eumhun reading: 베낄 사 (bekkil sa))
    (MC reading: 寫 (MC sjaeX))
  30. 辭:
    (MC reading: 辭 (MC zi))
  31. 斯:
    (MC reading: 斯 (MC sje))
  32. 祀:
    (MC reading: 祀 (MC ziX))
  33. 泗:
    (MC reading: 泗 (MC sijH))
  34. 砂:
    (MC reading: 砂 (MC srae))
  35. 糸: Alternative form of 絲
    (MC reading: 糸 (MC mek))
  36. 紗:
    (MC reading: 紗 (MC srae))
  37. 娑:
    (MC reading: 娑 (MC sa|saX))
  38. 徙:
    (MC reading: 徙 (MC sjeX))
  39. 奢:
    (MC reading: 奢 (MC syae))
  40. 嗣:
    (MC reading: 嗣 (MC ziH))
  41. 赦:
    (MC reading: 赦 (MC syaeH))
  42. 乍: (for) a short time
    (eumhun reading: 잠깐 사 (jamkkan sa))
    (MC reading: 乍 (MC dzraeH))
  43. 些:
    (MC reading: 些 (MC sjae|saH))
  44. 伺:
    (MC reading: 伺 (MC si|siH))
  45. 俟:
    (MC reading: 俟 (MC zriX))
  46. 僿:
    (MC reading: 僿 (MC syiH))
  47. 唆:
    (MC reading: 唆 (MC swa))
  48. 柶:
    (MC reading: 柶 (MC sijH))
  49. 梭:
    (MC reading: 梭 (MC swa))
  50. 渣:
    (MC reading: 渣 (MC tsrae))
  51. 瀉:
    (MC reading: 瀉 (MC sjaeX|sjaeH))
  52. 獅: lion
    (eumhun reading: 사자 사 (saja sa))
    (MC reading: 獅 (MC srij))
  53. 祠:
    (MC reading: 祠 (MC zi))
  54. 肆:
    (MC reading: 肆 (MC sijH))
  55. 莎:
    (MC reading: 莎 (MC swa))
  56. 蓑:
    (MC reading: 蓑 (MC swa))
  57. 裟:
    (MC reading: 裟 (MC srae))
  58. 飼: to feed; to raise
    (eumhun reading: 기를 사 (gireul sa))
    (MC reading: 飼 (MC ziH))
  59. 駟:
    (MC reading: 駟 (MC sijH))
  60. 麝: musk deer
    (eumhun reading: 사향노루 사 (sahyangnoru sa))
    (MC reading: 麝 (MC zyaeH))
  61. 篩:
    (MC reading: 篩 (MC srij))
  62. 傞:
    (MC reading: 傞 (MC tsha|sa))
  63. 剚:
    (MC reading: 剚 (MC tsriH))
  64. 卸:
    (MC reading: 卸 (MC sjaeH))
  65. 咋:
    (MC reading: 咋 (MC tsraeH))
  66. 姒:
    (MC reading: 姒 (MC ziX))
  67. 楂:
    (MC reading: 楂 (MC dzrae))
  68. 榭:
    (MC reading: 榭 (MC zjaeH))
  69. 汜:
    (MC reading: 汜 (MC ziX))
  70. 痧:
    (MC reading: 痧)
  71. 皶:
    (MC reading: 皶)
  72. 竢:
    (MC reading: 竢 (MC zriX))
  73. 笥:
    (MC reading: 笥 (MC siH))
  74. 蜡:
    (MC reading: 蜡 (MC tshjoH|dzraeH))
  75. 覗:
    (MC reading: 覗 (MC si|siH))
  76. 駛:
    (MC reading: 駛 (MC sriX|sriH))
  77. 魦:
    (MC reading: 魦 (MC srae))
  78. 鯊:
    (MC reading: 鯊 (MC srae))
  79. 鰤:
    (MC reading: 鰤 (MC srij))
  80. 涘:
    (MC reading: 涘 (MC zriX))
  81. 禠:
    (MC reading: 禠 (MC sje))
  82. 佘:
    (MC reading: 佘)
  83. 倳:
    (MC reading: 倳 (MC tsriH))
  84. 倽:
    (MC reading: 倽)
  85. 傻:
    (MC reading: 傻 (MC srwaeX|srwaeH))
  86. 儩:
    (MC reading: 儩 (MC sjeH))
  87. 厙:
    (MC reading: 厙 (MC syaeH))
  88. 厶: any
    (eumhun reading: 사사 사 (sasa sa))
    (MC reading: 厶 (MC sij))
  89. 唦:
    (MC reading: 唦)
  90. 啥:
    (MC reading: 啥)
  91. 喳:
    (MC reading: 喳)
  92. 嗄:
    (MC reading: 嗄 (MC sraeH))
  93. 嗍:
    (MC reading: 嗍)
  94. 噝:
    (MC reading: 噝)
  95. 塮:
    (MC reading: 塮)
  96. 㝍:
    (MC reading: 㝍)
  97. 屣:
    (MC reading: 屣 (MC srjeX|srjeH))
  98. 峫:
    (MC reading: 峫)
  99. 戺:
    (MC reading: 戺 (MC dzriX))
  100. 挱:
    (MC reading: 挱 (MC sa))
  101. 挲:
    (MC reading: 挲 (MC sa))
  102. 揸:
    (MC reading: 揸)
  103. 摣:
    (MC reading: 摣 (MC nrae))
  104. 柌:
    (MC reading: 柌 (MC zi))
  105. 柤:
    (MC reading: 柤 (MC tsrae))
  106. 桫:
    (MC reading: 桫 (MC sa))
  107. 楒:
    (MC reading: 楒 (MC si))
  108. 榹:
    (MC reading: 榹 (MC sje))
  109. 槎:
    (MC reading: 槎 (MC dzrae|dzraeX))
  110. 樝:
    (MC reading: 樝 (MC tsrae))
  111. 檨:
    (MC reading: 檨)
  112. 泀:
    (MC reading: 泀)
  113. 洍:
    (MC reading: 洍 (MC yi|ziX))
  114. 涻:
    (MC reading: 涻 (MC syaeH))
  115. 溮:
    (MC reading: 溮)
  116. 漇:
    (MC reading: 漇)
  117. 灺:
    (MC reading: 灺 (MC zjaeX))
  118. 㸺:
    (MC reading: 㸺)
  119. 猀:
    (MC reading: 猀)
  120. 猞:
    (MC reading: 猞)
  121. 猹:
    (MC reading: 猹)
  122. 獻:
    (MC reading: 獻 (MC sa))
  123. 畬:
    (MC reading: 畬 (MC yo))
  124. 皻:
    (MC reading: 皻 (MC tsrae))
  125. 砟:
    (MC reading: 砟 (MC dzak))
  126. 硰:
    (MC reading: 硰 (MC srae|tshaX))
  127. 碴:
    (MC reading: 碴)
  128. 磃:
    (MC reading: 磃 (MC sje))
  129. 禗:
    (MC reading: 禗 (MC si))
  130. 簑:
    (MC reading: 簑)
  131. 簁:
    (MC reading: 簁 (MC srje|srjeX))
  132. 纚:
    (MC reading: 纚 (MC srjeX))
  133. 耍:
    (MC reading: 耍)
  134. 耜:
    (MC reading: 耜 (MC ziX))
  135. 耶:
    (MC reading: 耶 (MC yae))
  136. 肂:
    (MC reading: 肂 (MC sijH))
  137. 莏: Alternative form of 莎
    (MC reading: 莏 (MC swa))
  138. 葸:
    (MC reading: 葸 (MC siX))
  139. 蒒:
    (MC reading: 蒒 (MC srij))
  140. 蓰:
    (MC reading: 蓰)
  141. 蕬:
    (MC reading: 蕬 (MC si))
  142. 蕼:
    (MC reading: 蕼 (MC sijH))
  143. 虒:
    (MC reading: 虒 (MC sje))
  144. 蜤:
    (MC reading: 蜤 (MC sje))
  145. 螄:
    (MC reading: 螄 (MC srij))
  146. 蟴:
    (MC reading: 蟴 (MC sje))
  147. 衺:
    (MC reading: 衺 (MC zjae))
  148. 貄:
    (MC reading: 貄)
  149. 賖:
    (MC reading: 賖)
  150. 蹅:
    (MC reading: 蹅)
  151. 蹝:
    (MC reading: 蹝)
  152. 躧:
    (MC reading: 躧 (MC srjeX|sreaX))
  153. 逤:
    (MC reading: 逤)
  154. 鈶:
    (MC reading: 鈶 (MC ziX))
  155. 鉈:
    (MC reading: 鉈 (MC dzyae))
  156. 鉰:
    (MC reading: 鉰)
  157. 䤬:
    (MC reading: 䤬 (MC sa))
  158. 闍:
    (MC reading: 闍 (MC dzyae))
  159. 食: feed
    (eumhun reading: 먹이 사 (meogi sa))
    (MC reading: 食 (MC yiH))
  160. 飤:
    (MC reading: 飤 (MC ziH))
  161. 騇:
    (MC reading: 騇 (MC syaeX|syaeH))
  162. 魳:
    (MC reading: 魳 (MC tsop))
  163. 鮻:
    (MC reading: 鮻)
  164. 鶳:
    (MC reading: 鶳)
  165. 鷥:
    (MC reading: 鷥)
  166. 鼶:
    (MC reading: 鼶 (MC sje))
  167. 齄:
    (MC reading: 齄)
  168. 齇:
    (MC reading: 齇)
  169. 佀: Alternative form of 似
    (MC reading: 佀 (MC ziX))
  170. 冩: Alternative form of 寫
    (MC reading: 冩)
  171. 簔: Alternative form of 蓑
    (MC reading: 簔)
  172. 缷: Alternative form of 卸
    (MC reading: 缷)
  173. 辞: Alternative form of 辭
    (MC reading: 辞)
  174. 鯋: Alternative form of 鯊
    (MC reading: 鯋)
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=사&oldid=79470073"