si
Translingual edit
Symbol edit
si
English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Acronym of Latin Sancte Ioannes, the phrase ending the hymn Ut queant laxis from earlier words of which the other notes of solfège were derived.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
si (plural sis)
- (music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the seventh note of a major scale.
Translations edit
Anagrams edit
Albanian edit
Etymology edit
Varying reconstructions. Orel descends it from Proto-Albanian *tšei,[1] Matzinger from Proto-Albanian *čī.[2] Ultimately from instrumental Proto-Indo-European *kwi-h₁. Compare Latin qui (“how, why”), Old English hwȳ, hwī (“why”). An interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
si
- how; in what way; in what state
- Si janë shokët e tu? ― How are your friends?
- like, as
- Si e dini, nuk kemi filluar ende.
- As you know, we've not yet begun.
Derived terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “si”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 395
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 225
Alemannic German edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old High German siu, from Proto-Germanic *sī. Cognate with German sie (“she; it”), Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si), Old English sēo.
Pronoun edit
si f
Declension edit
nominative | accusative | dative | possessive m | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ich, i | mich, mi | mir, mier, mer | min, miin | |
2nd person singular | familiar | du | dich, di | dir, dier, der | din, diin |
polite | Si | Ine, Ene, -ne | Ire | ||
3rd person singular | m | er | in, en | im | sin, siin |
f | si | ire | |||
n | es, 's, -s | im | sin, siin | ||
1st person plural | mir, mer | üs, öis, ois, eus | üse, öise, oise, euse | ||
2nd person plural | ir, ier | öi, eu | öie, eure | ||
3rd person plural | si | ine, ene, -ne | ire |
Etymology 2 edit
From Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.
Pronoun edit
si pl
Declension edit
nominative | accusative | dative | possessive m | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ich, i | mich, mi | mir, mier, mer | min, miin | |
2nd person singular | familiar | du | dich, di | dir, dier, der | din, diin |
polite | Si | Ine, Ene, -ne | Ire | ||
3rd person singular | m | er | in, en | im | sin, siin |
f | si | ire | |||
n | es, 's, -s | im | sin, siin | ||
1st person plural | mir, mer | üs, öis, ois, eus | üse, öise, oise, euse | ||
2nd person plural | ir, ier | öi, eu | öie, eure | ||
3rd person plural | si | ine, ene, -ne | ire |
Etymology 3 edit
From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz. Cognate with German sein, Dutch zijn, West Frisian syn, Icelandic sinn.
Alternative forms edit
Determiner edit
si
Declension edit
Inflected forms include:
Singular | Plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
Nominative Accusative |
si | sini | si | sini |
Genitive | sines & si's | sines | ||
Dative | si'm & sim | siner | si'm & sim | sine |
Etymology 4 edit
From Middle High German sīn, from Old High German sīn. Cognate with German sein, Dutch zijn, Low German sien.
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
si
References edit
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Asturian edit
Etymology edit
Conjunction edit
si
Bahnar edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bahnaric *ciː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ciiʔ (“louse”); cognate with Vietnamese chí, chấy.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
si
Belizean Creole edit
Etymology edit
Verb edit
si
References edit
- Crosbie, Paul, ed. (2007), Kriol-Inglish Dikshineri: English-Kriol Dictionary. Belize City: Belize Kriol Project, pp. 315–316.
Bikol Central edit
Etymology edit
Compare Chamorro si, Indonesian si, Malay si, and Tagalog si.
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
si (plural sina)
- direct marker placed before names or terms of address of people
- Nagdalagan si Juan. ― Juan ran.
- Dinara ninda si Tatay sa ospital. ― They brought Father to the hospital.
- direct marker placed before an adjective used to refer to a person with those distinct characteristics
- Yaon na si Taba. ― Fatso is here.
- (Naga) direct marker placed before common nouns
- Synonym: su
- Kinua ko na si pakete. ― I already got the package
See also edit
Catalan edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Catalan si, from Latin si (“if”).
Conjunction edit
si
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Latin Sancte Iohannes (“Saint John”) in the hymn for St. John the Baptist.
Noun edit
si m (plural sis)
Etymology 3 edit
From Old Catalan si~sin, from Latin sĭnus.
Noun edit
si m (plural sins)
- cavity, depression
- (anatomy) sinus
- (figuratively) uterus
- front portion of the breast
- (figuratively) heart
- estuary, bay
See also edit
Etymology 4 edit
Pronoun edit
si
Usage notes edit
- Si is the stressed (or "strong", or "tonic") form of the reflexive pronoun es. As such, it is used after prepositions.
Declension edit
See also edit
See also edit
Central Franconian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German sīn.
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
si (masculine senge or singe, feminine and plural seng or sing)
- (Ripuarian) his, its (third-person masculine and neuter possessive)
- Wo hät e dann si Jlas henjestallt? ― Where did he put his glass?
Usage notes edit
- The form seng/sing is used for the neuter when strongly stressed: Dat es sing Jlas! (“That's his glass!”) Contrariwise, the form si may be used for the masculine and feminine when unstressed, chiefly with words for relatives: si Papp (“his father”, but less common than senge Papp).
Chamorro edit
Etymology edit
Compare Bikol Central si, Indonesian si, and Malay si.
Preposition edit
si
- Subject marker for personal names
Chavacano edit
Etymology 1 edit
Particle edit
si
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Spanish si (“if”).
Conjunction edit
si
Cimbrian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German si(e), from Old High German siu, from Proto-West Germanic *sī, from Proto-Germanic *sī, nominative singular feminine of *iz. Cognate with German sie.
Pronoun edit
si
Inflection edit
Personal pronouns | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
1st person | i | biar |
2nd person | du | iar |
3rd person | er, si, 'z | se |
References edit
- “si” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *si.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
si (reflexive)
- clitic dative of sebe:
- to oneself
- to myself
- to yourself
- Posluž si. ― Serve yourself.
- to himself
- to herself
- to itself
- to ourselves
- to yourselves
- to themselves
- Synonym: (stressed) sobě
Further reading edit
Dalmatian edit
Etymology edit
Numeral edit
si
Danish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse sía (“to sieve, filter”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
si c (singular definite sien, plural indefinite sier)
Inflection edit
Verb edit
si (imperative si, infinitive at si, present tense sier, past tense siede, perfect tense har siet)
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Noun edit
si m or f (plural si's, diminutive sietje n)
- musical note; ti
Anagrams edit
Esperanto edit
Etymology edit
From Italian si, French soi, Spanish se, Latin se, plus the i of personal pronouns.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
si (reflexive, accusative sin, possessive sia)
Usage notes edit
The reflexive pronoun si is only used to refer to the third person (In English: he/she/it/they) not the first or second person (In English: I/we/you). When the subject of a sentence is first or second person, the same pronoun is repeated (with the accusative ending -n added if needed) instead of using si. (E.g. "they wash themselves" is ili lavas sin, but "I wash myself" is mi lavas min, instead of *mi lavas sin.)
Ewe edit
Verb edit
si
- to escape
Fala edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).
Conjunction edit
si
- if (used to introduce a condition or choice)
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
- I si “a patria do homi é sua lengua”, cumu idía Albert Camus, o que está claru é que a lengua está mui por encima de fronteiras, serras, rius i maris, de situaciós pulíticas i sociu-económicas, de lazus religiosus e inclusu familiaris.
- And if “a man’s homeland is his language”, as Albert Camus said, what is clear is that language is above borders, mountain ranges, rivers and seas, above political and socio-economic situations, of religious and even family ties.
Etymology 2 edit
Pronoun edit
si
- Alternative form of se
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 2: Númerus?:
- As lenguas, idiomas, dialectus o falas tenin un-as funciós mui claras desde o principiu dos siglu i si hai contabilizaus en o mundu un-as 8.000 lenguas, ca un-a con sua importancia numérica relativa, a nossa fala é un tesoiru mais entre elas.
- The tongues, languages or regional variants have some very clear functions since the beginning of the centuries and some 8,000 languages have been accounted for in the world, each with its relative numerical importance, Fala is yet another treasure among them.
French edit
This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness. |
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old French se, from Latin si (“if”).
Conjunction edit
si
- if, whether
- Je me demande si elle sera seule. ― I wonder if she'll be alone.
- Je veux savoir si tu viendras ou non. ― I want to know if you're coming or not.
- if (assuming that)
- Si j’avais ses pouvoirs, je créerais un monde où le mal n’existe pas. ― If I had his power, I'd create a world where evil didn't exist.
- Si tu n’avais pas appelé, je serais morte. ― If you hadn't called, I'd be dead.
- even if
- although, while
Usage notes edit
Elided preceding il or ils, resulting in the contracted forms s’il and s’ils.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old French si, from Latin sic (“so, thus”). Doublet of sic.
Interjection edit
si
- yes (used to contradict a negative statement)
- Synonym: (archaic) si fait
- Tu ne m’aimes pas, n’est-ce pas ? — Si !
- You don’t like me, do you? — Yes, I do!
- Moi, je n’ai rien fait ! — Si !
- I didn't do anything! — Yes, you did!
Usage notes edit
The positive particle usage is uncommon in Québec, where most speakers use oui instead.
Adverb edit
si
- so, such (intensifier)
- J’étais si fatigué ces jours-ci que je n’avais pas le courage de vous écrire.
- I was so tired those days that I didn't have the energy to write to you.
- Cela n’aurait pas été une si bonne idée.
- That wouldn't have been such a good idea.
- (si + adjective/adverb + que ...) however (to whatever extent or degree)
- Synonyms: aussi, tout, quelque
- Si bavard qu’il soit, il ne dit rien de stupide.
- However talkative he may be, he doesn't say anything stupid.
- 2017, Luc Brisson, Platon:
- Mais un législateur qui aurait un tant soit peu de worth, si infime soit elle, quand bien même il n’en irait pas comme l’argument vient de le démontrer, n’aurait-il pas commis en cette occasion, plus qu’en n’importe quelle autre circonstance où il aurait eu l’audace de mentir aux jeunes gens dans l’intérêt du bien, son plus utile mensonge, celui capable de faire que tous, non pas de force mais de leur plein gré, se conduisent de façon entièrement juste ?
- But a legislator who would have the slightest bit of valour, however tiny it may be, even if it were not as the argument has just demonstrated, would he not have committed on this occasion, more than in any other circumstance where he would have had the audacity to lie to young people in the interest of the good, his most useful lie, the one capable of making everyone, not by force but of their own accord, behave in an entirely just fashion?
Usage notes edit
- In the sense however, the verb is usually in the subjunctive.
- The que is sometimes replaced by an inverted-subject construction with a subjunctive verbal element and nominal, usually a personal pronoun.
- si heureuse soit-elle ― however happy she may be
- si faible paraisse-t-il ― however weak he may seem
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
si m (plural si)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “si”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Friulian edit
Etymology edit
Pronoun edit
si (third person)
Related terms edit
Galician edit
Etymology 1 edit
Interjection edit
si
Etymology 2 edit
From Latin sē, ablative and accusative pronoun form.
Pronoun edit
Usage notes edit
The pronoun si is used exclusively as the object of a preposition; no nominative form exists.
Etymology 3 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
si m (plural sis)
See also edit
Gothic edit
Romanization edit
si
- Romanization of 𐍃𐌹
Guinea-Bissau Creole edit
Etymology edit
From Portuguese se. Cognate with Kabuverdianu si.
Conjunction edit
si
Haitian Creole edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
si
Iau edit
Noun edit
si
References edit
- Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages
Ido edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Italian sì, Spanish sí.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
si
References edit
- Progreso I (in Ido), 1908–1909, page 10
Indonesian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Bikol Central si, Chamorro si, and Malay si, Tagalog si.
Article edit
si
- Definite article used before the names of those with whom the speaker and interlocutor is intimate
- Tiada satupun yang berani pada si Tigor pemberani. ― No one dared to brave Tigor.
- Kukatakan pada si Yopi kecil, janganlah marah ― I said to little Yopi, don't angry.
- Kudengar bahwa si Tuti besar sedang sakit ― I hear that big Tuti is ill.
- Definite article used before a noun referring to a particular person in a category
- Si penjual jamu itu cantik sekali. ― That jamu seller is very pretty.
- Dia tertawa dengan si orang asing itu. ― She was laughing with the foreigner.
- Si pemuda itu tersenyum lebar lalu pergi. ― The young man smiled broadly then left.
- Definite article used before an adjective referring to a person whose well-known characteristics are referred to by the adjective
- Namanya si Putih ― Its name is Whitey.
- Si Gendut ― Fatso
- Si Goblok ― Old Muttonhead
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
si
- (law enforcement) aphetic form of seksi (“section”)
Interlingua edit
Adverb edit
si
Italian edit
Alternative forms edit
- -si (enclitic)
Etymology 1 edit
From Latin se (“him-, her-, it-, themselves”, reflexive third-person pronoun). Cognate with Spanish se and Portuguese se and si.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
si
- (reflexive) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves
- Il tuo gatto si lava sul mio letto. ― Your cat cleans himself/itself on my bed.
- La tua gatta si lava sul mio letto. ― Your cat cleans herself on my bed.
- Marco si è rotto il braccio. ― Marco has broken his arm.
- (reciprocal pronoun) each other, one another
- Carlo e Laura si amano. ― Carlo and Laura love each other.
- (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people
- In Italia si pranza intorno all'una. ― In Italy they eat lunch around 13.
- In Italia si tende ad andare a letto tardi. ― In Italy, people tend to go to bed late.
- Si dice che Maria volesse uccidere Giovanni. ― It is said that Maria wanted to kill Giovanni.
- Da questa finestra si vede la banca. ― From this window, one can see the bank.
- (si passivante) Used to form the passive voice of a verb; it
- Si vende latte. / Vendesi latte. ― Milk for sale.
- Non si accettano carte di credito. ― Credit cards are not accepted.
- (dialectal, notably Rome) reflexive and reciprocal first person pronoun, where Standard Italian uses ci
- Se semo fatti sei chilometri a fette. (Ci siamo fatti sei chilometri a piedi.)
- We walked for six kilometers.
- Volemose bene. (Vogliamoci bene.)
- Let's love each other.
- 1483, Matteo Maria Boiardo, Orlando Innamorato, I, XVIII, lines 37–39:
- Ambo se poseremo in questo prato
e domatina, come il giorno pare,
ritornaremo insieme a battagliare.- We will both lay down in this meadow
and tomorrow morning, when the day appears,
together we will go back to fight.
- We will both lay down in this meadow
Usage notes edit
- When si is part of an infinitive, it can be placed before it as a separate word, but more often it is attached to the end. In this case, the final -e of the infinitive is dropped, or, in the case of infinitives ending in -rre, the final -re is dropped. Examples: amar(e) + si = amarsi; ridur(re) + si = ridursi.
- Often translated using the passive voice in English when used as indefinite personal pronoun:
- Si dice che […] ― It is said that […]
- Verb + si is often translated as become or get + [past participle] in English.
- In cases where si (indefinite pronoun) and si (reflexive pronoun) follow each other, the first si is replaced with ci:
- Ci si lava. ― One washes oneself.
- (instead of: *Si si lava.)
- Becomes se when followed by a third-person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
See also edit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Conjunctive | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
si
See also edit
Further reading edit
- si in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Jamaican Creole edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
si
- to see
- Mi wuda laik si im tu.
- I'd like to see him too.
Preposition edit
si
- (Used with ya) Here is; here are.
- Si Jan ya.
- Here is John.
- Si yu buk-dem ya.
- Here are your books.
Further reading edit
- si at majstro.com
Japhug edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *səj (“to die”). Cognate with Tibetan ཤི (shi), Chinese 死 (OC *hljiʔ).[1]
Verb edit
si
- (Kamnyu, intransitive) to die
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *siŋ ~ *sik (“tree; wood; firewood”). Cognate with Tibetan ཤིང (shing, “tree”), Chinese 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”), Tangut 𗝠 (*sji¹, “tree”).[2][3]
Noun edit
si
References edit
- ^ Zhang, Shuya, Jacques, Guillaume, Lai, Yunfan (2019) “A study of cognates between Gyalrong languages and Old Chinese”, in Journal of Language Relationship, volume 17, number 1, , page 89
- ^ Zhang, Shuya, Jacques, Guillaume, Lai, Yunfan (2019) “A study of cognates between Gyalrong languages and Old Chinese”, in Journal of Language Relationship, volume 17, number 1, , page 85
- ^ Jacques, Guillaume (2014) Esquisse de phonologie et de morphologie historique du tangoute, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 100
Kabuverdianu edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Portuguese se.
Conjunction edit
si
Etymology 2 edit
From Portuguese sim.
Adverb edit
si
Khumi Chin edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
si
- wild cow
References edit
- K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin[2], Payap University, page 50
Koro (India) edit
Noun edit
si
References edit
- Roger Blench, Mark Post, (De)classifying Arunachal languages: Reconstructing the evidence (2011)
Kusaal edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
si
- saw (tool)
Ladin edit
Etymology edit
Adjective edit
si
Latin edit
Alternative forms edit
- sei (standard in Republican spelling)
Etymology edit
From Proto-Italic *sei (“so, thus”) used in parataxis, likely via the meaning "in this" as the locative singular of Proto-Indo-European *só (“this, that”); this older meaning is preserved in Latin sīc as well as in the oath sī dīs placet, cf. English so help me God. Related to Old English sē (“he, that”).
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
sī
- if, supposing that
- Sī versūs hōrum duōrum poētārum neglegētis, magnā parte litterārum carēbitis.
- If you neglect the verses of these two poets, you will miss a great part of literature.
- whether (when a verb of seeing or trying is the main verb in the apodosis; or when sī is used twice correlatively)
- sī... sī ― whether... or
Derived terms edit
- sīc (“so, thus”)
- sīcut (“as”)
- sīs (“if you will”)
- sīve / seu (“disjunctive sī”)
- sōdēs (“if you will”)
- ac sī (“just as if”)
- nisi (“unless”)
- quasi (“as if, like”)
- sī(n) aliter (“if otherwise”)
- sī dīs placet (“expr. of indignant surprise”)
- sīcubi (“if anywhere”)
- sīcunde (“if from anywhere”)
- sīn (“if however”)
- sī mē amās (“please”)
- sī minus (“if not”)
- sī modo (“provided that”)
- sī nōn (“if not”)
- sī̆ quandō (“if ever”)
- sī̆ quidem (“if/since indeed”)
- sī quis / sī quid (“if anybody/anything”)
- sī vīs (“if you like”)
- sī vīvō (“as sure as I'm alive”)
- sī nōndum (“if not yet”)
Descendants edit
References edit
- si in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- si in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- si in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- si in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- si in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sī, sīc”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 561
Latvian edit
Noun edit
si m (invariable)
Lolopo edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Loloish *ʃe² (“to die”), from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *səj¹ (“to die”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *səj (“to die”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
si
- (Yao'an) to die
Noun edit
si
- (Yao'an) death
References edit
- Merrifield, Judith, Merrifield, Scott (2018) “Query for si”, in Yao'an Loxrlavu – English Dictionary (in Chinese), SIL International
Louisiana Creole edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from French si (“if”).
Conjunction edit
si
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from French si (“so”).
Adverb edit
si
- so (intensifier)
Etymology 3 edit
< 5 | 6 | 7 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : si | ||
Inherited from French six (“six”).
Numeral edit
si
Usage notes edit
- Precedes consonant-initial words. See usage notes at sis.
Luxembourgish edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
si
- third-person feminine singular, nominative: she
- Si ass eng ganz schéi Fra. ― She is a very beautiful woman
- third-person feminine singular, accusative: her
- Den Hond huet si gebass. ― The dog bit her
- third-person plural, nominative: they
- Si si ganz schéi Fraen. ― They are very beautiful women.
- third-person plural, accusative: them
- Den Hond huet si gebass. ― The dog bit them
Usage notes edit
- The feminine singular is used chiefly with feminine words for things. Female persons are predominantly treated as grammatically neuter, though the feminine is not impossible. See hatt for more.
Declension edit
nominative | accusative | dative | reflexive | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | ||||
1st person singular | ech | — | mech | — | mir | mer | like dat. and acc. | ||
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | de | dech | — | dir | der | like dat. and acc. | ||
2nd person singular (formal) |
Dir | Der | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | ||
3rd person singular | m | hien | en | hien | en | him | em | sech | |
f | si | se | si | se | hir | er | sech | ||
n | hatt | et ('t) | hatt | et ('t) | him | em | sech | ||
1st person plural | mir | mer | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | ||
2nd person plural | dir | der | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | ||
3rd person plural | si | se | si | se | hinnen | en | sech |
Macanese edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Portuguese se.
Conjunction edit
si
- if (introduces a condition)
- si nunca ― otherwise (literally, “if not”)
- si sâm capaz ― if you are brave / if you dare
- si más pricisâ ― if more is needed
- si já falâ co iou ― if you had told me
- si vosôtro querê vêm ― if you (pl.) want to come
- iou vai olâ si têm ― I'm going to see if there is any
- si têm vagar lôgo vêm ― I'll come if I have time
Derived terms edit
References edit
Malay edit
Etymology edit
from Proto-Austronesian *si₁. Compare Compare Berik si, Chamorro si, Indonesian si, and Tagalog si.
Article edit
si
- the (primarily used with people, rarely necessary)
- Ke mana perginya si budak nakal yang aku jumpa di taman tadi?
- Where has the brat I just met in the park headed to?
- definite particle used with adjectives to describe people
- si mati
- the dead (person)
- a definite article used in names or nicknames
- Si Polan
Synonyms edit
- sang (more formal)
Mandarin edit
Romanization edit
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 廁/厕
si
- Nonstandard spelling of sī.
- Nonstandard spelling of sǐ.
- Nonstandard spelling of sì.
Usage notes edit
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Mauritian Creole edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
si
Derived terms edit
Interjection edit
si
- yes (used to contradict a negative statement)
Middle Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
si
Inflection edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
si
- they (all genders)
- 1249, Schepenbrief van Bochoute, Velzeke, eastern Flanders:
- Si maken bekent die nu sien ende wesen selen
- They make known to those who are now and will be
Inflection edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 3 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
si
Further reading edit
- “si (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- “si (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “si (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Middle English edit
Etymology edit
From Old English sīe, singular subjunctive of wesan, from Proto-Germanic *sijǭ (first person), *sijēs (second person), and *sijē (third person), singular subjunctive forms of *wesaną.
Verb edit
si
Middle French edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old French se.
Adverb edit
si
Descendants edit
- French: si
Middle Low German edit
Pronunciation edit
- Possibly: IPA(key): /siː/
- Certainly: Stem vowel: ê⁴
Pronoun edit
sî
- Alternative form of sê
Mòcheno edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German si(e), from Old High German siu, from Proto-West Germanic *sī, from Proto-Germanic *sī, nominative singular feminine of *iz. Cognate with German sie.
Pronoun edit
si
Inflection edit
Personal pronouns | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
1st person | i | biar |
2nd person | du | ir |
3rd person | er, si, s | sei |
References edit
- “si” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Mokilese edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
si
Declension edit
singular possessor | first person | sioaioa | |
---|---|---|---|
second person | sioamwen | ||
third person | sia | ||
dual possessors | first person inclusive | siasa | |
first person exclusive | siama | ||
second person | siamwa | ||
third person | siara | ||
plural possessors | first person inclusive | siasai | |
first person exclusive | siamai | ||
second person | siamwai | ||
third person | siarai | ||
remote plural possessors | first person inclusive | siahs | |
first person exclusive | siemi | ||
second person | siemwi | ||
third person | siahr | ||
construct form | sien |
Molo edit
Noun edit
si
References edit
- Marvin Lionel Bender, Topics in Nilo-Saharan linguistics (1989)
- [3]
Nalca edit
Noun edit
si
Norman edit
Etymology edit
From Old French si, from Latin si (“if”).
Conjunction edit
si
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse segja, from Proto-Germanic *sagjaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-.
Verb edit
si (imperative si, present tense sier, passive sies, past tense sa, past participle sagt, present participle siende)
- to say
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Determiner edit
si
See also edit
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
feminine | masculine | neuter | plural | |||||
Singular | First | – | jeg | meg | mi | min | mitt | mine |
Second | general | du | deg | di | din | ditt | dine | |
formal (rare) | De | Dem | Deres | |||||
Third | feminine (person) | hun | henne | hennes | ||||
masculine (person) | han | ham / han | hans | |||||
feminine (noun) | den | dens | ||||||
masculine (noun) | ||||||||
neuter (noun) | det | dets | ||||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine | ||
Plural | First | – | vi | oss | vår | vårt | våre | |
Second | general | dere | deres | |||||
formal (very rare) | De | Dem | Deres | |||||
Third | general | de | dem | deres | ||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine |
Etymology 3 edit
See the main entry.
Noun edit
si (uncountable)
Etymology 4 edit
Noun edit
si (uncountable)
References edit
Anagrams edit
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology 1 edit
Determiner edit
si f
Etymology 2 edit
Acronym of Latin Sancte Ioannes, the phrase ending the hymn Ut queant laxis from earlier words of which the other notes of solfège were derived. A younger alteration, ti, allows for every note of the solfège to begin with a different letter.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
si m (definite singular si-en, indefinite plural si-ar, definite plural si-ane)
- (music) si, a syllable used in seventh note of a major scale
Coordinate terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Akin to the first part of Old Norse síþráðr.
Noun edit
si n (definite singular siet, uncountable)
Etymology 4 edit
Noun edit
si ?
- Used only idiomatically in the prepositional phrase på si.
Etymology 5 edit
Adverb edit
si
References edit
- “si” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Anagrams edit
Old English edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sī
- Alternative form of sīe
Old French edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology 1 edit
Adverb edit
si
- so; thus; in such a way
- c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:
- Si li a dit eneslepas
- So he said to him quickly
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
See se.
Conjunction edit
si
- Alternative form of se (if)
Old Galician-Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
From Latin sīc (“thus; so”), from Proto-Indo-European *so (“this, that”).
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
si
- yes, affirmatively
- 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, E codex, cantiga 84 (facsimile):
- ſi ou non
- yes or no
- ſi ou non
Descendants edit
Old High German edit
Verb edit
sī
Old Saxon edit
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
si
Declension edit
Pali edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Sanskrit शी (śī).
Root edit
si
- to lie down
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Sanskrit श्रि (śri).
Root edit
si
- to rest on
Usage notes edit
The initial consonant tends to geminate after prefixes.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Inherited from Sanskrit सि (si)
Root edit
si
- to bind
Derived terms edit
Papiamentu edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Spanish si and Portuguese se and Kabuverdianu si.
Conjunction edit
si
Etymology 2 edit
From Spanish sí and Portuguese sim and Kabuverdianu si.
Adverb edit
si
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -i
- Hyphenation: si
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese si, from Latin sibi, from Proto-Indo-European *sébʰye, dative of *swé (“self”). Cognate with French soi, Italian sé, Spanish sí.
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
si (reflexive)
- (following a preposition) oneself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, yourselves, themselves
See also edit
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct object) |
Dative (indirect object) |
Prepositional | Prepositional with com |
Non-declining | ||||||
m | f | m | f | m and f | m | f | m | f | m | f | |||
Singular | First | eu | me | mim | comigo | ||||||||
Second | tu | te | ti | contigo | você | ||||||||
o senhor | a senhora | ||||||||||||
Third | ele | ela | o (lo, no) |
a (la, na) |
lhe | ele | ela | com ele | com ela | o mesmo | a mesma | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Plural | First | nós | nos | nós | connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil) |
a gente | |||||||
Second | vós | vos | vós | convosco, com vós | vocês | ||||||||
os senhores | as senhoras | ||||||||||||
Third | eles | elas | os (los, nos) |
as (las, nas) |
lhes | eles | elas | com eles | com elas | os mesmos | as mesmas | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Indefinite | se | si | consigo |
Etymology 2 edit
From Latin Sancte Iohannes (“Saint John”) in the hymn for St. John the Baptist.
Noun edit
si m (plural sis)
- si (musical note)
Coordinate terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Conjunction edit
si
- Eye dialect spelling of se, representing Brazil Portuguese.
Quapaw edit
Etymology edit
Cognate with Assiniboine sihá, Dakota sihá, Lakota sí, Omaha-Ponca si, Hidatsa icí, Crow iché.
Noun edit
si
Romagnol edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Ville Unite):
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Latin sĕx (“six”).
Numeral edit
si m
- six
- Uj vö si dè.
- It takes six days.
Etymology 2 edit
From the initial letters of Sancte + Iohannes, of the seventh verse of the hymn Ut queant laxis.
Noun edit
si m (plural si)
- Si (musical note)
Etymology 3 edit
Inherited from Latin sēbum (“tallow”).
Noun edit
si m (plural si)
References edit
Masotti, Adelmo (1996) Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano [Romagnol-Italian dictionary] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, pages 584, 585
Romani edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb edit
si
- to be
- there be
- Used before an accusative personal pronoun to indicate possession.
- Si la kale bala.
- She has black hair.
Usage notes edit
- The personal pronoun is often omitted when si is used to mean "to be".
- When a noun indicates the possessor, si follows the accusative case of the noun.
Conjugation edit
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | present | sem | san | si | sam | sen | si |
perfect | semas | sanas | sas | samas | senas | sas | |
future | avava | avesa | avela | avasa | avena | avena | |
imperfect | semas | sanas | sasas | samas | senas | sasas (sinesas) | |
past perfect | avilemas | avilǎnas | avilǎsas | avilǎmas | avilenas | avilenas | |
infinitive | te avav / te ovav | te aves / te oves | te avel / te ovel | te avas / te ovas | te aven / te oven | te aven / te oven | |
subjunctive | present | avavas | avesas | avelas | avasas | avenas | avenas |
past | avilemas | avilǎnas | avilǎsas | avilǎmas | avilenas | avilenas | |
imperative | — | av (ov) | — | — | aven (oven) | — |
Derived terms edit
References edit
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
si m (plural si)
Declension edit
Romansch edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Vulgar Latin, Late Latin root sūsum, from Latin sūrsum.
Adverb edit
si
Sassarese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Latin se (“him-, her-, it-, themselves”, reflexive third-person pronoun). Cognate with Italian si, Portuguese si and se.
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
si
- (reflexive) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves
- La camìsgia si la pònini li manni ― Adults wear shirts (literally, “The adults put the shirt on themselves”)
- (reciprocal pronoun) each other, one another
- Eddi s'àmani ― They love each other
- (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people
- Lu zipressu si dizi "àiburu di campusantu" ― The cypress is called "graveyard tree"
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Latin sī, from Proto-Italic *sei (“so, thus”) used in parataxis, likely via the meaning "in this" as the locative singular of Proto-Indo-European *só (“this, that”).
Conjunction edit
si
- if
- Si lu sai, dìmmiru! ― If you know, tell me! (literally, “If you know it, tell it to me!”)
References edit
- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
Savi edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
si
References edit
- Nina Knobloch (2020) A grammar sketch of Sauji: An Indo-Aryan language of Afghanistan[4], Stockholm University
Serbo-Croatian edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
si (Cyrillic spelling си)
- (reflexive) Replaces the dative of a personal pronoun when the subject is of the same person as the dative object; to oneself (clitic dative singular of sȅbe (“oneself”))
- to myself
- to yourself
- to himself, herself, itself
- to ourselves
- to yourselves
- to themselves
- (reflexive, emphatic, possessive, dative) one's, of oneself (clitic dative singular of sebe (“one”))
- Kako li je samo zaboravio gdje si je parkirao auto?
- Just how did he forget where he parked his car?
Declension edit
Verb edit
si (Cyrillic spelling си)
Slovak edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *esi.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
si
Pronoun edit
si
- replaces the dative of a personal pronoun when the subject is of the same person as the dative object; roughly comparable with “to oneself” or “for oneself”
- Synonym: sebe
- Kupujem si topánky. ― I am buying myself shoes.
- Komu kupuješ topánky? Sebe. ― Whom are you buying the shoes for? For myself.
Further reading edit
- “si”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Slovene edit
Pronunciation 1 edit
Verb edit
sȉ
Pronunciation 2 edit
Pronoun edit
si
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
si
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “si”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sumerian edit
Romanization edit
si
- Romanization of 𒋛
Swahili edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Kenya) (file)
Verb edit
si
-si
Tagalog edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Austronesian *si. Compare Bikol Central si, Cebuano si, Gorontalo ti, Hiligaynon si, Ilocano si, Kapampangan i, Pangasinan si, and Waray-Waray si.
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
si (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ, plural sina)
- direct marker placed before names or terms of address of people
- Tumakbo si Juan.
- Juan ran.
- Dinala nila si Tatay sa ospital.
- They brought Father to the hospital.
- direct marker placed before an adjective used to refer to a person with those distinct characteristics
- Nandiyan na si taba. ― Fatso is there.
Alternative forms edit
- c — text messaging
- çi — archaic
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from English cee, the English name of the letter C/c.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
si (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)
- the name of the Latin-script letter C, in the Filipino alphabet.
- Synonym: (in the Abecedario) ce
See also edit
- (Latin-script letter names) titik; ey, bi, si, di, i, ef, dyi, eyts, ay, dyey, key, el, em, en, enye, en dyi, o, pi, kyu, ar, es, ti, yu, vi, dobolyu, eks, way, zi
Further reading edit
- “si”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Ternate edit
Adverb edit
si
References edit
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001). A Descriptive Study of the Language of Ternate, the Northern Moluccas, Indonesia. University of Pittsburgh.
Tok Pisin edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
si
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Vietnamese edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Vietic *ɟ-riː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟriiʔ; cognate with Bahnar jri, Khmer ជ្រៃ (crɨy), Khasi jri, Old Mon jrey.
Pronunciation edit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [si˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʂɪj˧˧] ~ [sɪj˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʂɪj˧˧] ~ [sɪj˧˧]
Noun edit
(classifier cây) si
Volapük edit
Interjection edit
si
Walloon edit
Etymology edit
From Old French, from Latin si (“if”).
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
si
Welsh edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
si m (plural sïon, not mutable)
Yoruba edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sí
- The name of the Latin-script letter S.
See also edit
- (Latin-script letter names) lẹ́tà; á, bí, dí, é, ẹ́, fí, gí, gbì, hí, í, jí, kí, lí, mí, ní, ó, ọ́, pí, rí, sí, ṣí, tí, ú, wí, yí
Etymology 2 edit
Preposition edit
sí
See also edit
Etymology 3 edit
Verb edit
sí
- (intransitive) to be far, to be distant
Etymology 4 edit
Verb edit
sí
- (intransitive) Negative form of wà
Etymology 5 edit
Conjunction edit
sì
Usage notes edit
Sì is solely used to join verbs/sentences and not nouns, for which àti is used. Additionally, when sì is used, the subject of each verb must be specified.
- Mo jó, mo kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́, mo sì kọ lẹ́tà. – I danced, studied, and wrote a letter.
- Wọn kò fẹ́ ṣiṣẹ́, wọn kò sì fẹ́ ṣeré. – They don't want to work or play.
Zhuang edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /θi˧˥/
- Tone numbers: si5
- Hyphenation: si
Noun edit
si (1957–1982 spelling si)
- city
- Nanzningz Si
- Nanning City
Zou edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-hjwəj-t (“blood”). Cognates include Nuosu ꌦ (sy) and Burmese သွေး (swe:).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sì
Verb edit
sì
- (intransitive) to die
References edit
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, pages 40, 47