Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dušiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews- (“to breathe”) +‎ *-éyeti.

Verb

*dušìti impf

1. to smother, to suffocate, to choke
2. to breathe heavily

Inflection

Conjugation of *dušiti, *duši, *dušitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dušenьje	*dušiti	*dušitъ	*dušilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dušenъ	*dušimъ
Active	*dušь	*dušę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dušixъ	*duši	*duši	*dušǫ	*dušiši	*dušitь
Dual	*dušixově	*dušista	*dušiste	*dušivě	*dušita	*dušite
Plural	*dušixomъ	*dušiste	*dušišę	*dušimъ	*dušite	*dušętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dušaaxъ	*dušaaše	*dušaaše	—	*duši	*duši
Dual	*dušaaxově	*dušaašeta	*dušaašete	*dušivě	*dušita	—
Plural	*dušaaxomъ	*dušaašete	*dušaaxǫ	*dušimъ	*dušite	—

Notes:
• (*)*dušivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

• *daviti (“to drown”)
• *duti (“to blow off, to swell”)
• *duxъ (“spirit”)
• *dъxъ (“breath, sniff”)

Derived terms

• *zadušiti (“to smother”)
• *udušiti (“to strangle”)
• *jьzdušiti (“to deprive of air”)
• *otъdušiti (“to ventilate”)
  • *otъdušьnikъ (“vent”)
• *duša (“soul”)
• *dušěvьnъ (“spiritual”)
  • *dušěvьnostь (“spirituality”)
• *dušьnъ (“muggy, stewed”)
• *dušьlivъ (“suffocant”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: душы́ць (dušýcʹ)
  • Russian: души́ть (dušítʹ)
  • Ukrainian: души́ти (dušýty)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: душа́ (dušá)
  • Macedonian: души (duši) (literary), гуши (guši)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ду́шити (literary), гу́шити

    Latin script: dúšiti (literary), gúšiti

  • Slovene: dušíti, dušȋti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: dusit
  • Kashubian: dëszëc, dusëc
  • Polish: dusić
  • Slovak: dusiť

Further reading

• Olander, Thomas (2001) “dušiti: dušjǫ dušitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 260; PR 139)”
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “dušīti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*duši̋ti”
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dušiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 164
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “душа̀”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 452

Etymology 2

Denominal verb from *duxъ (“spirit”) +‎ *-iti.

Verb

*dȗšiti impf

1. to sniff, to scent
2. to examine via scent

Inflection

Conjugation of *dušiti, *duši, *dušitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dušenьje	*dušiti	*dušitъ	*dušilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dušenъ	*dušimъ
Active	*dušь	*dušę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dušixъ	*duši	*duši	*dušǫ	*dušiši	*dušitь
Dual	*dušixově	*dušista	*dušiste	*dušivě	*dušita	*dušite
Plural	*dušixomъ	*dušiste	*dušišę	*dušimъ	*dušite	*dušętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dušaaxъ	*dušaaše	*dušaaše	—	*duši	*duši
Dual	*dušaaxově	*dušaašeta	*dušaašete	*dušivě	*dušita	—
Plural	*dušaaxomъ	*dušaašete	*dušaaxǫ	*dušimъ	*dušite	—

Notes:
• (*)*dušivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms

• *podušiti (“to smell”)
• *nadušiti (“to scent”)
• *sъdušiti (“to sniff”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: душы́ць (dušýcʹ, “to perfume”)
  • Russian: души́ть (dušítʹ, “to perfume”)
  • Ukrainian: души́ти (dušýty, “to perfume”)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: ду́ша (dúša, “to sniff, to try to smell”)
  • Macedonian: ду́шне (dúšne), ду́шка (dúška)

Further reading

• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “ду̀шa”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 452