душа
Belarusian edit
Etymology edit
From Old East Slavic доуша (duša, “soul”), from Proto-Slavic *duša.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
душа́ • (dušá) f inan (genitive душы́, nominative plural ду́шы, genitive plural душ)
Declension edit
Declension of душа́ (inan hard fem-form accent-d)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | душа́ dušá |
ду́шы dúšy |
| genitive | душы́ dušý |
душ duš |
| dative | душы́ dušý |
ду́шам dúšam |
| accusative | душу́ dušú |
ду́шы dúšy |
| instrumental | душо́й, душо́ю dušój, dušóju |
ду́шамі dúšami |
| locative | душы́ dušý |
ду́шах dúšax |
| count form | — | душы́1 dušý1 |
1Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.
References edit
- “душа” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
Bulgarian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Slavic *duša.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
душа́ • (dušá) f
Declension edit
Declension of душа́
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Slavic *dušiti.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
душа́ • (dušá) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (transitive) to strangle, to choke, to suffocate
- (figurative) to oppress
Conjugation edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Slavic *dušiti.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ду́ша • (dúša) first-singular present indicative, impf
- to sniff
- Synonym: мири́ша (miríša)
- (figurative, derogatory, informal) to scout around
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of ду́ша (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | ду́шещ dúšešt |
ду́шил, души́л1 dúšil, dušíl1 |
ду́шел dúšel |
ду́шен dúšen |
ду́шейки dúšejki | |
| definite subject form | ду́шещият dúšeštijat |
ду́шилият, души́лият1 dúšilijat, dušílijat1 |
— | ду́шеният dúšenijat | |||
| definite object form | ду́шещия dúšeštija |
ду́шилия, души́лия1 dúšilija, dušílija1 |
— | ду́шения dúšenija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | ду́шеща dúšešta |
ду́шила, души́ла1 dúšila, dušíla1 |
ду́шела dúšela |
ду́шена dúšena | ||
| definite | ду́шещата dúšeštata |
ду́шилата, души́лата1 dúšilata, dušílata1 |
— | ду́шената dúšenata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | ду́шещо dúšešto |
ду́шило, души́ло1 dúšilo, dušílo1 |
ду́шело dúšelo |
ду́шено dúšeno |
ду́шене dúšene | |
| definite | ду́шещото dúšeštoto |
ду́шилото, души́лото1 dúšiloto, dušíloto1 |
— | ду́шеното dúšenoto |
ду́шенето dúšeneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | ду́шещи dúšešti |
ду́шили, души́ли1 dúšili, dušíli1 |
ду́шели dúšeli |
ду́шени dúšeni |
ду́шения, ду́шенета dúšenija, dúšeneta | |
| definite | ду́шещите dúšeštite |
ду́шилите, души́лите1 dúšilite, dušílite1 |
— | ду́шените dúšenite |
ду́шенията, ду́шенетата dúšenijata, dúšenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | ду́ша dúša |
ду́шиш dúšiš |
ду́ши dúši |
ду́шим dúšim |
ду́шите dúšite |
ду́шат dúšat | |
| imperfect | ду́шех dúšeh |
ду́шеше dúšeše |
ду́шеше dúšeše |
ду́шехме dúšehme |
ду́шехте dúšehte |
ду́шеха dúšeha | |
| aorist | ду́ших, души́х1 dúših, dušíh1 |
ду́ши, души́1 dúši, duší1 |
ду́ши, души́1 dúši, duší1 |
ду́шихме, души́хме1 dúšihme, dušíhme1 |
ду́шихте, души́хте1 dúšihte, dušíhte1 |
ду́шиха, души́ха1 dúšiha, dušíha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ду́шил/души́л1 m, ду́шила/души́ла1 f, ду́шило/души́ло1 n, or ду́шили/души́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ду́шил/души́л1 m, ду́шила/души́ла1 f, ду́шило/души́ло1 n, or ду́шили/души́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and ду́шил/души́л1 m, ду́шила/души́ла1 f, ду́шило/души́ло1 n, or ду́шили/души́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ду́шил/души́л1 m, ду́шила/души́ла1 f, ду́шило/души́ло1 n, or ду́шили/души́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ду́шел m, ду́шела f, ду́шело n, or ду́шели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ду́шил/души́л1 m, ду́шила/души́ла1 f, ду́шило/души́ло1 n, or ду́шили/души́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ду́шил/души́л1 m, ду́шила/души́ла1 f, ду́шило/души́ло1 n, or ду́шили/души́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ду́шил/души́л1 m, ду́шила/души́ла1 f, ду́шило/души́ло1 n, or ду́шили/души́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ду́шел m, ду́шела f, ду́шело n, or ду́шели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ду́шил/души́л1 m, ду́шила/души́ла1 f, ду́шило/души́ло1 n, or ду́шили/души́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ду́шил/души́л1 m, ду́шила/души́ла1 f, ду́шило/души́ло1 n, or ду́шили/души́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ду́шел m, ду́шела f, ду́шело n, or ду́шели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ду́шил/души́л1 m, ду́шила/души́ла1 f, ду́шило/души́ло1 n, or ду́шили/души́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ду́шил/души́л1 m, ду́шила/души́ла1 f, ду́шило/души́ло1 n, or ду́шили/души́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ду́шил/души́л1 m, ду́шила/души́ла1 f, ду́шило/души́ло1 n, or ду́шили/души́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ду́шил/души́л1 m, ду́шила/души́ла1 f, ду́шило/души́ло1 n, or ду́шили/души́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| души́ duší |
душе́те dušéte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
References edit
Macedonian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duša.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ду́ша • (dúša) f (plural ду́ши, relational adjective ду́шевен, diminutive ду́шичка or ду́шиче)
- soul
- spirit
- (by extension) inhabitant or individual person/soul
- Пе́т души ― Pét duši ― Five people (literally, “Five souls”)
- (term of endearment) honey, sweetie, darling, dearie (in the vocative)
- ду́шо мо́ја ― dúšo mója ― my darling
- (figurative) engine
Declension edit
Declension of душа
References edit
- “душа” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu
Old Church Slavonic edit
Noun edit
душа • (duša) f
- Alternative form of доуша (duša)
Russian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old East Slavic доуша (duša, “soul”), from Proto-Slavic *duša.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
душа́ • (dušá) f inan (genitive души́, nominative plural ду́ши, genitive plural душ, relational adjective душе́вный, diminutive ду́шка or ду́шечка or ду́шенька, pejorative душо́нка)
- soul
- от души́ ― ot duší ― from the heart
- душа нараспа́шку ― duša naraspášku ― frank-hearted, heart on one's sleeve
- в глубине́ души́ ― v glubiné duší ― deep in one's heart
- брать за́ душу ― bratʹ zá dušu ― touch the heart
- душа в ду́шу ― duša v dúšu ― in perfect harmony/concord
- душа́ не на ме́сте ― dušá ne na méste ― anxious, worried
- не по душе́ ― ne po dušé ― displeases
- по душе́ ― po dušé ― pleasant
- криви́ть душо́й ― krivítʹ dušój ― to equivocate, prevaricate, bend the truth
- стоя́ть над душо́й ― stojátʹ nad dušój ― to annoy smb. in a distractive way, e.g. by constant staring or asking
- душа́ в пя́тки ушла́ ― dušá v pjátki ušlá ― to have one's heart in one's mouth
- залеза́ть в ду́шу кому́-либо ― zalezátʹ v dúšu komú-libo ― to worm oneself into smb.'s confidence
- души́ не ча́ять ― duší ne čájatʹ ― to adore a person, to dote
- ско́лько душе́ уго́дно ― skólʹko dušé ugódno ― to one's heart's content
- с душо́й ― s dušój ― with spirit/feeling/zeal
- плева́ть в ду́шу ― plevátʹ v dúšu ― to trample on smb.'s feelings
- береди́ть ду́шу ― beredítʹ dúšu ― to stir up old feelings
- изли́ть ду́шу ― izlítʹ dúšu ― to pour one's heart out
- на ду́шу населе́ния ― na dúšu naselénija ― per capita of the population
- spirit
- darling
- душа́ моя́! ― dušá mojá! ― my dear!
Declension edit
Pre-reform declension of душа́ (inan fem-form sibilant-stem accent-dʹ)
Related terms edit
- безду́шный (bezdúšnyj)
- великоду́шие (velikodúšije)
- великоду́шный (velikodúšnyj)
- двоеду́шный (dvojedúšnyj)
- доброду́шие (dobrodúšije)
- доброду́шный (dobrodúšnyj)
- душевнобольно́й (duševnobolʹnój)
- душе́вный (dušévnyj)
- ду́шенька (dúšenʹka)
- душераздира́ющий (dušerazdirájuščij)
- ду́шечка (dúšečka)
- ду́шка (dúška)
- единоду́шный (jedinodúšnyj)
- задуше́вный (zadušévnyj)
- малоду́шие (malodúšije)
- малоду́шный (malodúšnyj)
- равноду́шие (ravnodúšije)
- равноду́шный (ravnodúšnyj)
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ду́ша • (dúša) m inan
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Participle edit
душа́ • (dušá)
- present adverbial imperfective participle of души́ть (dušítʹ)
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duša.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ду́ша f (Latin spelling dúša)
Declension edit
Declension of душа
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “душа” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Ukrainian edit
Etymology edit
From Old East Slavic доуша (duša, “soul”), Proto-Slavic *duša.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
душа́ • (dušá) f inan (genitive душі́, nominative plural ду́ші, genitive plural душ)
Declension edit
Declension of душа́ (inan semisoft fem-form accent-d')
Derived terms edit
- спорі́днена душа́ f (sporídnena dušá)
Related terms edit
- душе́вний (dušévnyj)
- душевнохво́рий (duševnoxvóryj)
Further reading edit
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “душа”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2022), “душа”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volume 1–13 (а – покі́рно), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
- “душа”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
- “душа”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
- “душа”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)