Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/učiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Contents

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *auˀk-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁owk-eye-. Balto-Slavic cognates include Lithuanian jaukìnti, jaukinù (“to tame, to domesticate”), Latvian jaûcêt (“to accustom”), Old Prussian iaukint (“to exercise”). Other Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit उच्यति (ucyati, “to be accustomed to”), Old Armenian ուսանիմ (usanim, “to learn”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍃 (biūhts, “accustomed to”).

Derksen has a complex discussion of the possible origin of the acute tone in Balto-Slavic, boiling down to a suggestion by Frederik Kortlandt that initial *u- yielded Balto-Slavic acute under certain conditions.

Verb

*učiti ?

1. to teach

Conjugation

Conjugation of *učiti (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*učenьje	*učiti	*učitъ	*učilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*učenъ	*učimъ
Active	*učь	*učę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*učixъ	*uči	*uči	*učǫ	*učiši	*učitь
Dual	*učixově	*učista	*učiste	*učivě	*učita	*učite
Plural	*učixomъ	*učiste	*učišę	*učimъ	*učite	*učętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*učaaxъ	*učaaše	*učaaše	—	*uči	*uči
Dual	*učaaxově	*učaašeta	*učaašete	*učivě	*učita	—
Plural	*učaaxomъ	*učaašete	*učaaxǫ	*učimъ	*učite	—

Notes: (*)*učivъ is later doublet of past active participle;

Related terms

• *nauka (“science, teachings”)
• *naučьnъ (“scientific”)
• *pouka (“moral (of a story), lesson”)
• *bezukъ (“uneducated”)
• *neukъ (“unthought”)

• *vyknǫti (“to scold, to yell at”)
• *navykъ (“habit”)
• *obyčь (“affectoin, fondness”)
• *obyčаjь (“tradition”)
• *obyčajьnъ (“traditional, usual”)

Derived terms

Derived terms (16)

• *učenьje (“education”), *učenikъ m, *učeničьka f (“student”)
• *neučь
• +*jьz (“out of”): *jьzučiti (“to study”)
• +*na (“on”): *naučiti (“to learn”), *naučati, *naučenьje, *naučiteljь, *naučьnikъ
• +*ob (“about”): *obučiti (“to train”), *obučati, *obučenьje
• +*za (“for”): *zaučiti (“to coach, to tally”)
• +*po (“upon, by”): *poučiti (“to preach, to enlighten”)
• +*pri (“unto”): *priučiti (“to get accustomed to”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: ꙋчити (učiti) (accent paradigm c)
    • Belarusian: вучы́ць (vučýcʹ)
    • Russian: учи́ть (učítʹ), 1sg. учу́ (učú), 3sg. у́чит (účit)
    • Ukrainian: учи́ти (učýty), вчи́ти (včýty)

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: оучити (učiti), 1sg. оучѫ (učǫ)

  • Bulgarian: у́ча (úča)
  • Macedonian: учи (uči)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: у̀чити, 1sg. у̀чӣм

    Latin: ùčiti, 1sg. ùčīm

    • Chakavian (Vrgada): učȉti, 2sg. učĩš
  • Slovene: učíti (tonal orthography), 1sg. učím (tonal orthography)

• West Slavic:
  • Czech: učit
  • Polish: uczyć
  • Slovak: učiť
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: wučić
    • Lower Sorbian: hucyś

References

• Derksen, Rick (2008), “*učìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 506–507
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “учить”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv O. N., Moscow: Progress
• Trubačev O. N., editor (1983), “*jьzučiti”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 09, Moscow: Nauka, page 85
• Trubačev O. N., editor (1996), “*naučiti”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 23, Moscow: Nauka, page 191
• Trubačev O. N., editor (2003), “*obučiti”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 30, Moscow: Nauka, page 238
• Trubačev O. N., editor (1975), “*bezukъ”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 02, Moscow: Nauka, page 48