Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vermę

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wer(t)men/*wer(t)min, from Proto-Indo-European *wértmn̥ (“revolution”), a -men-stem derivative of *wert- (“to turn”). Cognate with Sanskrit वर्त्मन् (vártman, “track, course”). Probably originally meant “period (of time)”, undergoing a similar sematic shift as French temps (“time”) from Latin tempus (“period”).

Noun

*vermę̀ n

1. (probably) period, hour

   Synonym: *časъ

2. time

   Synonyms: *pora, *počasьje

Declension

Declension of *vermę (n-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*vermę	*vȇrmeni	*vermenà
Accusative	*vermę	*vȇrmeni	*vermenà
Genitive	*vȇrmene	*vermenù	*vermènъ
Locative	*vȇrmene	*vermenù	*vermènьxъ
Dative	*vȇrmeni	*vermenьmà	*vermènьmъ
Instrumental	*vȇrmenьmь	*vermenьmà	*vermený
Vocative	*vermę	*vȇrmeni	*vermenà

Derived terms

• *bezvermьje (“timelessness”)
• *vermenьnъ (“temporary”)
• *vermevъ (“temporal”)
• *vermena dьne (“times of day”)
• *vermena goda (“seasons”)

Related terms

• *verteno (“spindle”)
• *vorta (“door, gate”)
• *vortiti (“to turn, to return”)
• *vьrsta, *vьrstva (“row, line, age, kind”)
• *vьrtěti (“to turn”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: веремѧ (veremę)
    • Belarusian: ве́реме (vjérjemje) (obsolete)
    • Ukrainian: вере́м'я (verémʺja) (obsolete)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Glagolitic: ⰲⱃⱑⰿⱔ (vrěmę)

    Old Cyrillic: врѣмѧ (vrěmę)

    • → Belarusian: урэ́мя (urémja) (obsolete)
    • → Russian: вре́мя (vrémja)
    • → Ukrainian: уре́м'я (urémʺja)/уре́мня (urémnja)/ве́ремє (véremje) (obsolete)
  • Bulgarian: вре́ме (vréme), вря́ме (vrjáme) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: време (vreme)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: вре́ме, врије́ме, ври́ме

    Latin: vréme, vrijéme, vríme

  • Slovene: vréme
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: vřémě
  • Old Polish: wrzemię

• Non-Slavic languages:
  • → Romanian: vreme

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “время”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “време”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 185