Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bugday

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic edit

Etymology edit

Uncertain, multiple theories exist.

Comparisons in the 'Altaic' family include Ramstedt's proposal of a connection with Korean 보리 (bori) based on the Chuvash reflex,^[1] which Eren (1999) dismisses as [an etymology] without a trustworthy foundation.^[2] Proto-Mongolic *buudaï is borrowed from Turkic^[3].^[4]

Nişanyan proposes a derivation from Old Turkic [script needed] (butïq, “helm, stem”), which would make this term a cognate with Turkish budak, both of which would ultimately be from *būta-.^[5]

Noun edit

*bugday

wheat

Declension edit

Declension of *bugday

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*bugday
Accusative	bugdaynï, bugdayïg ⁴⁾, *bugdaynïg ¹⁾
Genitive	*bugdaynïŋ
Dative	*bugdayka
Locative	*bugdayda
Ablative	*bugdaydan
Allative	*bugdaygaru
Instrumental ²⁾	*bugdayïn
Equative ²⁾	*bugdayča
Similative ²⁾	*bugdaylayu
Comitative ²⁾	*bugdaylïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants edit

Oghur:
- → Hungarian: búza^[6]
- Chuvash: пӑри (pări)
  - → Kalmyk: байр (bayr)

Common Turkic:
- Oghuz:
  - Azerbaijani: buğda
    - → Khalaj: buğda
  - Ottoman Turkish: بوغدای (buğday)
    - Turkish: buğday
  - Gagauz: buuday
  - East Oghuz:
    - Turkmen: bugdaý
  - Uyghur-Oghuz:
    - Salar: [script needed] (buɣday)
- Karluk:
  - Karakhanid: [script needed] (buɣday)
    - Uzbek: bug'doy
    - Uyghur: بۇغداي (bughday)
- Kipchak:
  - North Kipchak:
    - Bashkir: бойҙай (boyźay)
    - Tatar: бодай (boday)
  - West Kipchak:
    - Crimean Tatar: boğday
    - Karachay-Balkar: богъдай (boğday)
  - South Kipchak:
    - Caspian:
      - Kazakh: бидай (bidai)
      - Nogai: бийдай (biyday)
    - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      - Kyrgyz: буудай (buuday)
      - Southern Altai: буудай (buuday)
- Siberian:
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (bugday)
  - South Siberian:
    - Yenisei Turkic:
      - Khakas: пуғдай (puğday)
      - Shor: пуғдай
    - Northern Altai: бугдай (bugday)
- → Proto-Mongolic: *buudaï
  - Mongolian: буудай (buudaj)

References edit

^ Ramstedt, G. J., Studies in Korean Etymology. 1949. page 206
^
^{The template Template:R:tr:Eren does not use the parameter(s): entry=buğday
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Eren, Hasan (1999) “Proto-Turkic/bugday”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 62
^
^{The template Template:R:Nugteren 2011 does not use the parameter(s): entry=*buudaï
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎^[1], Utrecht: LOT, pages 292-293
^ Räsänen, Martti (1969) “buγday”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 86
^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “Proto-Turkic/bugday”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
^ Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) “búza”, in West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 186-188

[1] Ramstedt, G. J., Studies in Korean Etymology. 1949. page 206

[2] {The template Template:R:tr:Eren does not use the parameter(s): entry=buğday
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Eren, Hasan (1999) “Proto-Turkic/bugday”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 62

[3] {The template Template:R:Nugteren 2011 does not use the parameter(s): entry=*buudaï
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎^[1], Utrecht: LOT, pages 292-293

[4] Räsänen, Martti (1969) “buγday”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 86

[5] Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “Proto-Turkic/bugday”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

[6] Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) “búza”, in West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 186-188

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

Foods - yẹ̄miĺčler, yẹ̄miĺčsāyïn
Barley	barley: *arpa	Pea	beans, peas: *burčak	Wheat	farro, wheat: *bugday
Jujube	jujube: *yidge	Strawberry	strawberry: *yidgelek	Apple	apple: *almïla
Hazelnuts	hazelnut: *bōńurï	Walnuts	walnut: *yaŋgak	Honey	honey: *bạl
Millet	millet: *tạrïg	Onion	onion: *sōgun	Salt	salt: *tūŕ
Egg	egg: *yumurtka	Butter	butter: *yāg	Mushroom	mushroom: *kömbe
Radish	radish: turp, turma	Carrot	carrot: *turma