Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bugday

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Uncertain, multiple theories exist.

Comparisons in the 'Altaic' family include Ramstedt's proposal of a connection with Korean 보리 (bori) based on the Chuvash reflex,^[1] which Eren (1999) dismisses as [an etymology] without a trustworthy foundation.^[2] Proto-Mongolic *buudaï is borrowed from Turkic^[3].^[4]

Noun

*bugday

wheat

Declension

Declension of *bugday

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*bugday
Accusative	bugdaynï, bugdayïg ⁴⁾, *bugdaynïg ¹⁾
Genitive	*bugdaynïŋ
Dative	*bugdayka
Locative	*bugdayda
Ablative	*bugdaydan
Allative	*bugdaygaru
Instrumental ²⁾	*bugdayïn
Equative ²⁾	*bugdayča
Similative ²⁾	*bugdaylayu
Comitative ²⁾	*bugdaylïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

Oghur:
- → Hungarian: búza^[5]
- >? Old Chuvash: *buɣzai̯ ^[6]
  - Middle Chuvash: *pŭrai̯ ^[6]
    - → Bashkir: борай (boray)
    - → Kalmyk: байр (bayr)
    - → Tatar: борай (boray)
    - Middle Chuvash: *pŭri ^[6]
      - Chuvash: пӑри (pări)
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (buğday)^[7]
  - Azerbaijani: buğda
    - → Khalaj: buğda
  - Ottoman Turkish: بوغدای (buğday)
    - Turkish: buğday
    - Gagauz: buuday
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: bugdaý
  - Salar: [script needed] (buɣday)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (buɣday)
  - Uzbek: bugʻdoy
  - Uyghur: بۇغداي (bughday)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: бойҙай (boyźay)
  - Tatar: бодай (boday)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: boğday
  - Karachay-Balkar: богъдай (boğday)
  - Kumyk: будай (buday)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: бидай (bidai)
    - Nogai: бийдай (biyday)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: буудай (buuday)
    - Southern Altai: буудай (buuday)
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (bugday)
- South Siberian:
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: пуғдай (puğday)
    - Shor: пуғдай
  - Northern Altai: бугдай (bugday)
→ Proto-Mongolic: *buudaï
- Mongolian: буудай (buudaj)

References

^ Ramstedt, G. J., Studies in Korean Etymology. 1949. page 206
^
The template Template:R:tr:Eren does not use the parameter(s):
```
entry=buğday
```
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Eren, Hasan (1999) “Proto-Turkic/bugday”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 62
^
The template Template:R:Nugteren 2011 does not use the parameter(s):
```
entry=*buudaï
```
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎^[1], Utrecht: LOT, pages 292-293
^ Räsänen, Martti (1969) “buγday”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 86
^ Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) “búza”, in West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 186-188
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Agyágasi, Klára (2019) Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, page 240
^ Turan, Fikret (2007) “Participial constructions in Old Anatolian Turkish: A morpho-syntactic analysis”, in Studia Uralo-altaica 47, pages 455-475

[1] Ramstedt, G. J., Studies in Korean Etymology. 1949. page 206

[2] 
The template Template:R:tr:Eren does not use the parameter(s):
entry=buğday

Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

Eren, Hasan (1999) “Proto-Turkic/bugday”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 62

[3] 
The template Template:R:Nugteren 2011 does not use the parameter(s):
entry=*buudaï

Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎^[1], Utrecht: LOT, pages 292-293

[4] Räsänen, Martti (1969) “buγday”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 86

[5] Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) “búza”, in West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 186-188

[Agyagasi-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Agyágasi, Klára (2019) Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, page 240

[7] Turan, Fikret (2007) “Participial constructions in Old Anatolian Turkish: A morpho-syntactic analysis”, in Studia Uralo-altaica 47, pages 455-475

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Foods - yẹ̄miĺčler, yẹ̄miĺčsāyïn
Barley	barley: *arpa	Pea	beans, peas: *burčak	Wheat	farro, wheat: *bugday
Jujube	jujube: *yidge	Strawberry	strawberry: *yidgelek	Apple	apple: *almïla
Hazelnuts	hazelnut: *bōńurï	Walnuts	walnut: *yaŋgak	Honey	honey: *bạl
Millet	millet: *tạrïg	Onion	onion: *sōgun	Salt	salt: *tūŕ
Egg	egg: *yumurtka	Butter	butter: *yāg	Mushroom	mushroom: *kömbe
Radish	radish: turp, turma	Carrot	carrot: *turma