Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yidge

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Tungusic *ǯüksi- / *ǯükte (“blue-berry; berry”), Proto-Mongolic *jede-gene (“strawberry”) (whence Mongolian [script needed] (žedgene). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*yidge

1. jujube
2. berry, strawberry

   Synonyms: *čiye, *yidgelek

Declension

Declension of *yidge

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*yidge
Accusative	*yidgeni, *yidgeg 4), *yidgenig 1)
Genitive	*yidgeniŋ
Dative	*yidgeke
Locative	*yidgede
Ablative	*yidgeden
Allative	*yidgegerü
Instrumental 2)	*yidgen
Equative 2)	*yidgeče
Similative 2)	*yidgeleyü
Comitative 2)	*yidgeligü

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms

• *yidgelek (“berry”)
• *čiye + *yidgelek
  • *čiyelek (“strawberry”)

Descendants

• ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *yidgelek

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: ҫырла (śyrla)
  • → Hungarian: szőlő (grape)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: еләк (yelək)
    • Tatar: җиләк (ciläk)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Karachay-Balkar: джилек (cilek)
    • Kumyk: [script needed] (ciyelek)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Nogai: желек (jelek)
    • Karakalpak: жийде
    • Kazakh: жидек (jidek)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: жийде (jiyde)
    • Southern Altai: јилек (ǰilek)
  • → Armenian: ելակ (elak)
• Siberian:
  • South Siberian:
    • Yeniseian Turkic:
      • Khakas: чистек (çistek), сестек (sestek)

• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • West Oghuz:
    • Azerbaijani: iydə
    • Ottoman Turkish: ایگده (iğde), اگده (iğde)
      • Turkish: iğde (“oleaster, silverberry; silverberry tree”)
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: igde
    • Salar:
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (yigde) (Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk)
    • Uzbek: jiyda
• Kipchak:
  • South Kipchak:
    • Nogai:
    • Karakalpak: жийде (jiyde)
    • Kazakh: жийде (jiide)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: жийде (jiyde)

See also

Foods - *yẹ̄miĺčler, *yẹ̄miĺčsāyïn
Barley	barley: *arpa	Pea	beans, peas: *burčak	Wheat	farro, wheat: *bugday
Jujube	jujube: *yidge	Strawberry	strawberry: *yidgelek	Apple	apple: *almïla
Hazelnuts	hazelnut: *bōńurï	Walnuts	walnut: *yaŋgak	Honey	honey: *bạl
Millet	millet: *tạrïg	Onion	onion: *sōgun	Salt	salt: *tūŕ
Egg	egg: *yumurtka	Butter	butter: *yāg	Mushroom	mushroom: *kömbe
Radish	radish: *turp, *turma	Carrot	carrot: *turma

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 911
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 202
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Nauka, pages 325-326
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jidge, *jidgelek”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 122, 140