User:Hk5183/to do

Algonquian

Montagnais
- matsheshu (dim=matsheshiss) fox, vulpes vulpes (in red phase-uishauatsheshu;black phase-kashteuatsheshu;napeiatsheshu, nusheiatsheshu, ishkueiatsheshu, uishakuatsheshu) matsheshiuian
- muakᵘ loon, gavia immer
- nishk (dim=nishkiss) napeshk, nusheshk, ishkueshk, pashkushk goose (generic) Branta canadensis
- uapishk snow goose chen caerulescens
- apishtiss brant, branta bernicla
- maikan wolf, canis lupus nape-maikan,
- uapatsheshu (dim=uapatsheshish) arctic fox, Alopex lagopus
- anik american toad, Anaxyrus americanus
- utsheu house fly, Musca domestica
- akakuai leech
- kakanukatet mosquito
- amu bee
- pikush snow flea, Achorotus nivicolus
- enikᵘ ant, spider
- papikᵘ bed bug, Climex lectularius
- uhu owl (generic), Great-horned owl, Bubo virginianus
- mishui pine grosbeak Pinicola enucleator
- kakatshu (dim=kakatshiss) raven, Corvus corax
- tshinash tern
- uapakanu snowy owl, Nyctea scandiaca
- mitshishu (dim=mitshishiss) bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus
- shesheshu sandpiper
- uapishush, uapitshiminikushish snow bunting Plectrophenax nivalis
- uapitikun great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo
- utatakᵘ northern gannet, Morus bassanus
- munaikutan (dim=munaikutanish) Atlantic puffin, Fratercula arctica
- shikauniss Black Guillemot, Cepphus grylle
- pashpashteu woodpecker (uskuai-pashpashteu - downy woodpecker, Picoides pubescens)
- kakatshiship (dim=kakatshishipiss) Double-crested cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus
- kukukueshish Northern hawk-owl, Surnia ulula (in summer, fall & winter)* in springtime: papanatshishish
- tshetshekᵘ Northern harrier-hawk, Circus cyaneus
- tshimushumash dovekie, Alle alle
- kashikukatasht Boreal owl, Aegolius funerus
- mamitshikushish bank swallow, Riparia riparia
- Ahashu american crow, Corvus brachyrhyncos
- umemeu, umimiu pigeon, dove (possibly passenger pigeon)
- uapishu whistling swan, Olor columbianus
- mishineu turkey
- pishkᵘ nighthawk, Chordeiles minor
- kapiminau, uishkatshan gray jay, Canada jay, whiskeyjack, Perisoreus canadensis
- pipitsheu American robin, Turdus migratorius
- akumushish Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus
- pipiptshish Merlin, Falco columbarius
- shashatshu Great blue-heron, Ardea herodias
- akushameshu Osprey, Pandion haliaetus
- nutapashkueshu whimbrel, Numenius phaoepus
- tshetshikuteshu razorbill, Alca torda
- atshenishkatshan Great grey-shrike, Lanius excubitor
- atshitshatueshish red-breasted nuthatch Sitta canadensis
- mitush quaking aspen, Populus tremuloides
- ushkuai (dim=ushkuass) birch (generic) white birch, paper birch Betula papyrifera
- ussishk jack pine, Pinus divaricata
- innikuai eastern paper-birch, Betula cordifolia
- minaikᵘ white spruce, Picea glauca
- mishtikᵘ tree
- sheshekatikᵘ, ushkatikᵘ black spruce, Picea mariana
- innasht balsam fir, Abies balsamea
- massishk Northern white-cedar, Thuya occidentalis
- upueiashkᵘ sugar maple
- atshimashkᵘ ash
- kakumin, blackcurrant
- anushkan raspberry
- inniminan blueberry
- uteiminan straw
- atikuminan bear
- upueiminan pin cherry
- innitshimin redcurrant
- minitshimin skunk currant
- nissimin/an Vaccinium uliginosum, bog bilberry
- shashakuminan bunchberry
- tshitshinakuss creeping snowberry
- na mushumin highbush cranberry
- shikuteu cloudberry, lakka, bakeapple
- an teueikan drum

Proto-Dravidian

Root

*to do

which, what

Derived terms

*ya-van (“which man”)
- South Dravidian:
  - Kannada: ಯಾವನು (yāvanu)
  - Tamil-Malayalam
    - Tamil: யாவன் (yāvaṉ), Tamil: எவன் (evaṉ)
    - Malayalam: ഏവന് (ēvanŭ)
*a-vaḷ (“which woman”)
- South Dravidian:
  - Kannada: ಯಾವಳ (yāvaḷa)
  - Tamil-Malayalam:
    - Tamil: யாவள் (yāvaḷ), Tamil: எவள் (evaḷ)
    - Malayalam: ഏവൾ (ēvaḷ)
*a-d (“which, what”)
- South Dravidian:
  - South-Central:
    - Telugu: అది (adi)
  - Tamil-Kannada:
    - Kannada: ಅದು (adu)
  - Tamil-Malayalam: *at
    - Tamil: ஏது (ētu)
    - Malayalam: ആര് (ārŭ)
*a-var (“those persons”)
- South Dravidian:
  - Tulu: ಆವಾಕುಳು (āvākuḷu)
  - Kannada: ಅವರು (avaru)
  - Tamil-Malayalam:
    - Tamil: அவர் (avar)
    - Malayalam: അവര് (avarŭ)

List

Tamil: * ஏது (ētu, “which, what, why, whence, how”)

யா (yā, “what or which things”)
யாவை (yāvai, “which things, what”)
யாவும் (yāvum, “all, whole”)
யாவையும் (yāvaiyum)
யாவது (yāvatu, “what, how”)
யாவதும் (yāvatum, “even a little”)
யாரள் (yāraḷ, “which women”)
யார் (yār, “who”)
யாவர் (yāvar, “who, what people”)
யாவரும் (yāvarum, “each and every person”)
ஆர் (ār, “who”)
ஆவர் (āvar, “who”)
யாவண் (yāvaṇ, “where”)
யாங்கண் (yāṅkaṇ, “where”)
யாண்டை (yāṇṭai, “what place”)
யாங்கு (yāṅku, “where, how, in what nature”)
யாங்கும் (yāṅkum, “everywhere”)
யாங்கணும் (yāṅkaṇum, “everywhere”)
ஏவதும் (ēvatum, “everything”)
ஏன் (ēṉ, “why, what, wherefore, how”)
எந்த (enta, “what, which”)
எவரும் (evarum, “everyone, anyone”)
எவ்வரும் (evvarum, “anyone”)
எவ்வெவை (evvevai, “whatsoever things”)
எங்கித்தை (eṅkittai, “in whatever place”)
எங்கு (eṅku, “where”)
எங்குத்தைக்கு (eṅkuttaikku, “to which place, whither”)
எங்கும் (eṅkum, “everywhere, in all directions”)
எங்கே (eṅkē, “where”)
எதோள் (etōḷ, “where”)
எதோளி (etōḷi, “where”)
என்னணம் (eṉṉaṇam, “how, in what manner”)
என்னன் (eṉṉaṉ, “who, what kind of person”)
என்னவன் (eṉṉavaṉ, “what kind of man”)
எவண் (evaṇ, “where, how”)
எத்தும் (ettum, “by all means”)
எந்து (entu, “how, what”)
எப்படி (eppaṭi, “how, in what way or manner”)
எவ்வளவு (evvaḷavu, “how much”)
எஞ்ஞான்றும் (eññāṉṟum, “always, ever”)
எவ்வாறு (evvāṟu, “how, in what manner”)
எப்பொழுது (eppoḻutu, “when, at what time”)
எப்பொழுதும் (eppoḻutum, “always, at all times”)
எப்போழ்து (eppōḻtu, “always”)
எம்பரும் (emparum, “everywhere”)
எம்மை (emmai, “which birth, what world”)
எம்மை (emmai, “how, why”)
என்றிய (eṉṟiya, “what for, how, by what means”)
எற்றை (eṟṟai, “when”)
எற்றைக்கும் (eṟṟaikkum, “for all time, forever”)
என்று (eṉṟu, “what day, what time, when”)
என்றைக்கு (eṉṟaikku, “what day”)
என்றைக்கும் (eṉṟaikkum, “forever, even once, even a day”)
என்ன (eṉṉa, “what”)
என்னது (eṉṉatu, “what”)
என்னதும் (eṉṉatum, “even a little”)
என்னை (eṉṉai, “what”)
எனும் (eṉum, “even a little”)
என்னும் (eṉṉum, “all, even a little”)
என்னென்ன (eṉṉeṉṉa, “whatever”)
என்னர் (eṉṉar, “who”)
என்னவன் (eṉṉavaṉ, “who, what kind of man”)
என்னன் (eṉṉaṉ, “who, what kind of man”)
என்னுக்கு (eṉṉukku, “what for, why”)
எனை (eṉai, “what, why, all”)
என்னோரும் (eṉṉōrum, “persons of whatever kind, all persons”)
எனைத்தும் (eṉaittum, “all, the whole”)
எனைவர் (eṉaivar, “whoever, whatever persons”)
எனைவன் (eṉaivaṉ, “who, what person”)

Malayalam:

യാവന് (yāvaṉ, “who”)
ഏവന് (ēvaṉ, “who?, which male”)
ഏവര് (ēvaṟ, “who? plural”)
ഏവ (ēva, “what?”)
ഏവനും (ēvanuṁ, “everyone”)
ഏതു (ētu, “what, which?”)
ഏതാനും (ētānuṁ)
ഏതാണ്ടു (ētāṇṭu)
ഏതും (ētuṁ)
ഏതേനും (ētēnuṁ)
ഏതല്ക്കാലേ (ētalkkālē)
എല്ലാ (ellā)
എവിടത്തു (eviṭattu, “where, whither”)
എവിടേ (eviṭē)
എവിടേയും (eviṭēyuṁ, “anywhere”)
എവ്വിടം (evviṭaṁ, “what place?”)
എവ്വണ്ണം (evvaṇṇaṁ, “how?”)
എവ്വഴി (evvaḻi)
എന്നു (ennu, “what day?, when”)
എന്തു (entu, “what, why?”)

References

Burrow, T., Emeneau, M. B. (1984) “5151”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN.

Unami

Unami:
- lamunkwe : inside
- mèmhalamùnt / mehmalamùnt : merchant / trader
- wëntamweokàn : instructions
- wënchi kchinkwehëlak east
- nëmahëlàm I buy (something)
- ktëmakhatènamu he has sad thoughts / he grieves
- këtëmakelëwakàn mercifulness
- tunkshèni vti open it
- tunkshèkokàn ni key
- tunkshèxën vii it is open, it lies open
- tunkshehële it came open (as a door)
- èhahpusitunk grill ; something on which to roast
- ahpusi /verb root/ to roast / bake /ahpusit/ <- participle
- èhëlekhikètunk pencil ; that with which to write
- pukshëmën he cuts a hole in it
- pikshëmën he cuts it up
- kèkshëtèk stove
- kishkshëmën /verb root/ to cut it
- kshëte vii it is hot (object)
- kshësëmën vti he heats it
- kshësu via he/she is warm/hot
- kshësasu it was heated
- kshëpète vii it is hot (liquid)
- kshëlànte it is a hot day
- kshëlexin he has a fever
- wënchihële vii it comes from
- wënchixën vii it comes from
- wënchìch particle so that + future marker
- kwënchchënëmën vti he pushes it //root -> kënchchënëmën
- wènchimao vta he sends for him
- wènchahku via he gets ready /root/ -> wènchahki
- tùkwënchu ni round bowl /tùkw-ënchu/
- kënthika vti he pushes it along with his foot
- wëlànte vii the sun is shining bright, it is good weather
- opitëmakàn Lit the white road milky way
- tëmakàn ni road, path
- kshakèxën well traveled road
- chimakàn ni oar, paddle
- lehëlexe vai he is alive
- kwiakwi still
- tuhòn ni branch, limb, fallen limb
- kaxëne pc perhaps, maybe
- kshàxën vii it is windy
- lëlëwàxën breeze, it is a breeze
- lënuwàxën it is a strong wind, a gale
- wëlelëmi peculiar
- tàxën there is a cold wind
- òhsaxëni manëtu whirlwind spirit
- alàxënchu ni empty dish
- talàxhakiye vai he plows
- talàxhakiyakàn ni plow
- salàxki particle suddenly, all at once
- alàxàt vii it is empty
- alàximu vai he rests /root/-> alaximwi
- kèxën particle several times
- kèxukwëni several days later
- hìkpèxën the water has receded, (the water lies ___
- hìkpehële vii the water is receding, (moves ___ wikpèkihële synonym?
- wènhikahëlak ni place from which the water has receded
- hìkpète vii it is boiled dry
- hìkpèsëmën he boils it dry
- chuwpèxën it is filled with liquid
- paxënëmën vti to split it, to tear it (needs preverb or inflection to be grammatical)
- këlam'pexën still water, calm water
- paxkèxën ni road that splits from the main road
- pem'pexën flowing water
- pukweèxën short-cut pukwe-èxën cut-road?
- punkwshèxën dust storm
- sapëlexën vii it lays shining
- shipënakèxën vii it lays flat and smooth
- sèkpexën as far as the water goes, the distance across the water
- sëkëlexën vii it is black and shiny sëk-ëlexën-w black-shiny-3
- tatxëpèxën vii it is shallow water
- òsëlèxën vii it shines
- ahshikëmënshi ni fern
- ahshikàn ni stocking, sock
- alahikàn ni target, mark at which to shoot
- alukalkwësit na the employed one, employee
- elalukalat na his boss, he who hired him --> see èlalukalit (he who hired me)

/èlalukalchik/ those who are hired (from èlalukalit?)

- ahpamska (root) walk around ahpam-ska (subordinative ->ahpamska)
- àskën it is raw, it is ripe
- pëmskan (root) to walk past, walk by
- askàntàmën (root) to eat something raw
- chiskàntàmën to lick it
- ehasuwit na singer, one who sings (pl-ehasuwichik singers, choir
- asuwi (root) to sing [can be grammatical following preverb E.g. nkata-asuwi

Also from this form are /èlasuwit/ the way he sings ; /tëlasuwin/ the way he sings, what he sings ; ènta lasuwit - (the way he sings). asuwakàn - song hitaosuwit- skilled singer

- iape PC near the water
- èkwpiyink ni under the water /èkw- (m)pi -y- ink/ (E.g. Xaheli manëtuwàk tëntalawsineyo èkwpiyink.)
- èlamàlsit na how he feels
- èlamamalikèt one who steps
- èlamamalike he steps
- èhëlamalikenkw ni stirrup
- xinkòlamu he hollers loudly
- xahulamu he hollers, he yells
- wëlelamàlsu via he feels strange
- wëlamëweokàn ni truth, honesty
- wëlamëwe he tells the truth
- wëlamàlsuhe he makes (people) feel well
- wëlamàlsuhaluwèt he who makes people feel well
- wëlamàlsu he feels well ; he recovered
- wëlamhìtao vta he believes him
- wëlamhìtamëweokàn ni belief
- wëlamhìtamën vti he believes it --> alt=ulamhìtàmën
- wëlalamu via he yells well
- winkalamwi (root) to like to yell
- wihëlamën he named it
- tëlilàman where he gets water, he got water there
- tëlamànkàn ni upper arm
- salàmpwënikàn ni bell, chime Litthat which rings
- shaolamu he starved to death --> root --> shaolamwi starve
- olàmàn ni Indian paint
- ntëlamàlsi preverb the way I feel / I feel that
- mëlamëweokàn ni sense of smell
- mëlamën he smells it
- mhalamwësëwakàn ni merchandise,
- lamhakie underground
- këlàmu pile, heap, stack
- këlampisun ni tumpline
- këlamhukwèpu he sits still, quietly
- këlamikapu he stands still
- këlamapisun ni belt
- këlamhatènamu he has a calm mind
- këlamahpu vai he is still
- ilamàlsu he feels brave
- alamaònke the foot of a hill, mountainside
- wëntahkame this side of the water
- pètakwixën the water is rising
- xkwitpiènk on top of the water
- chòpwënëmën he put it in the water (by hand)
- kohpalao he pulls it out of the water
- chòpwihële he fell into the water
- òsahpèkwe he came from across the water
- òspèkwe across the water
- pètasu he comes this way singing
- alukakàn na servant
- alukala (root) vta to hire him/her,
- alukalkwësi to be employed
- wëlalukasu he does a good job
- mahtalukakàn na bad servant
- mahtalukasuwakàn bad deed
- mahchikamikink ni cemetery
- lëpweìnu na wise man, intelligent man, counselor
- lëpweinakwsu he looks intelligent
- lëpwein he is intelligent
- lehëlexèt na one who is alive PL=lehëlexèchik
- lixsëwakànit na one who has a language PL=lixsëwakànichik
- lànkuntuwit na relative, kin PL=lànkuntuwichik
- lànkuntuwakàn ni relationship, kinship
- lakeit ni his tribe, a tribe PL=lakeichik
- kèpchat na person who is full of foolishness PL=kèpchachik
- kèhkëmutkèt na robber, thief one who habitually steals PL=kèhkëmutkèchik
- këmutke he steals
- kèhkitënikèt doctor one who habitually hurts people PL=kèhkitënikèchik
- kenahkihèt, kenahkihat nurse, caretaker one who takes care of one
- kenahkihaw (root) take care of him, watch over him
- kenahkitu (root) to take care of something
- kenahkinëwès, kenahkinëwèt na watchman, guard
- kiikàmao vta he visits him
- kikinhèt na guide, scout PL=kikinhèchik
- kikinhe he is guiding
- kikinao vta he identifies him
- kikinàmën vti he identifies it
- kìkinhikàn ni grave marker
- kikikàn ni marker
- èlahtunikèt ni seeker, guide, scout
- mpiawsit na one who lives in the water PL=mpiawsichik
- mèxkeòhkësit na red skinned person PL=mèxkeòhkësichik
- nehëlatpanit na the one he killed PL=nehëlatpanichik
- nehënikanichimwichik na prophets
- nehënisksit na one who is constantly dirty PL=nehënisksichik
- nisksit na one who is dirty PL=nisksichik
- nehënutëmèkisèt na shepherd one who habitually watches over sheep PL=nehënutëmèkisèchik
- nutëmèkisèt na shepherd one who watches over sheep PL=nutëmèkisèchik
- nuhënutëmaluwèt na watchman
- nutëmao vta he guards him, watches over him
- nihëlalat na owner PL=nihëlalachik
- nihëlalao vta he owns him
- nihëlalkwësu he is owned
- nikanixit na a leader PL=nikanixichik
- nikanixink na leader
- nuhëlao vta she nurses him/her, she suckles him/her
- nuhëlënchik na sucklings those who nurse
- pahsitaonit na half-breed PL=pahsitaonichik
- pèhpalsit na sickly person, invalid one who is constantly/frequently sick PL=pèhpalsichik
- palsit na the sick one, person who is sick, the sick (collective) PL=palsichik
- palsìtamën (root) to hear it incorrectly)
- palsìtànk na one who hears something incorrectly
- peyat vai he is coming this way, in this direction (note- it is understood that they are nearby, within sight)
- peyat na one who is coming this way, in this direction PL=peyachik
- pëmawsit na one who is living PL=pëmawsichik
- pëmëskat na one who walks, walker PL=pëmëskachik
- pèhpëmëskat na one who habitually walks, regular walker PL=pèhpëmëskachik
- pënaelìntàmëweit na one who has the ability to think PL=pënaelìntàmëweichik
- salàsit that which is fried PL=salàsichik E.g. salàsit hopënis (fried potato, french fry) PL=salàsichik hopënisàk
- èhèntasalàsink ni frying pan that which is regularly used to fry
- salàsikàn steam-fried meat
- shinkalit na one who hates me, an enemy PL=shinkalichik
- sëksit na the black one, one who is black PL=sëksichik
- taonkël vai he is lost taonkël-w be lost-3
- taonkëlëchik na those who are lost
- taonkëlàxàm na stray dog, lost dog
- Tèhtaonkëlëmhès na Will-o-the-wisp, Ignis fatuus one who repeatedly causes people to become lost --> a.k.a. Tèhtaonkëlëmhalëwès
- taonkëlëwakàn ni the state of being lost
- tkawsit na gentle one (applied to animal), tame one PL=tkawsichik E.g. tkawsichik aèsësàk | tame animals
- kpëtun ni gag, (to place in someone's mouth to keep them quiet
- òhchipisu via he has a convulsion, he has a seizure
- òhchipisëweokàn ni convulsion, seizure
- weènchipahkàt the leaves are together E.g. Weènchipahkihëlèxkwe Touching-Leaves woman (don't publish: this is a personal name!)
- mòchipwis na turkey vulture
- chìpilësu vai he acts strange, he has supernatural powers, he is dangerous from root /chìpilìsi/

/ --similiarly [chìpi le|it does strange things, it is dangerous, strange times

- chèhchipahkohès na shoemaker, shoe repair man, cobbler
- mësilikte vii it is multi-colored, variegated
- likte the color it is
- wëlikte it is a good color
- wisahkimikte it is purple, wine color wisahkim-ikte-w grape-color-3
- tànktëmetët na coyote little wolf
- sëkikte vii it is of a blackish hue, it is black colored sëk-ikte-w black-color-3
- sëkaxkte ni coal of wood on fire, charcoal sëk-axktew black-wood
- shawiskte particle by the fire, by the fireside
- shawishëm (root) to cut it along the side, along the edge
- òxehëmu moonlight
- èshhitehëmën he cuts through it èshi-hite-hëmën
- èhèmpsahèt na dressmaker, tailor PL=èhèmpsahèchik
- wëlitehëmën it is well-hewn (a log or old-time floor), it is beaten well (drum), it is well driven (nail into board)
- wsehëmën vti he scatters it, sows it w-sehëmë-ne
- pëpuhwitehëmën he knocked on it also papuhwitehëmën
- pèpuhënikès , pèhpuhënikès na drummer, one who habitually drums
- pëpuhwès ni tin, bell (without a clapper),
- sësëmwèk ni bell (with a clapper)
- shaxakwtis na tree frog
- xakwixën vii flood, it is a flood
- pxàkha to peel it or pare it (animate)
- pxàkhitehasu it has been hit and scratched
- papu vai he plays, he is playing
- pèhpapitunk ni toy that which is repeatedly played with
- mapël ni marble (the toy)
- papai lehëlèxe he lives enjoyably

- èhènta papink park, playground, play area a place to play
- ehahpikwès na musician, music player, one who plays a musical instrument, especially a flautist PL=ehahpikwèsàk musicians, orchestra, band
- ahpikwe he plays music
- paitehëme he threshes grain ((by hand?)) ... also paitehike he threshes grain (by tool?)
- pèhpaitehikàn ni threshing machine
- mehëmèntuwe he begs, he pleads
- mehëmushëwès na barber one who frequently clears people -> one who frequently shaves people PL=mehëmushëwèsàk ... also mehëmushikèt PL= mehëmushikèchik
- wèlsit na one who is pretty, one who is beautiful PL=wèlsichik
- mushëmën vti to cut it off /mush/ = clear
- mushtun na toothless person -mush-tun clear-mouth
- mushakàn ni scythe clearing tool --> also muskakàn, synonym -> tëmàsksakokàn
- mushao vta he cuts his(others) hair
- mushasu vai he had a haircut, his hair has been cut
- mushhakòt vii the sky is cloudless, the sky is clearing
- mushhàkw ni the sky, clear sky |loc. mushhakunk
- mushitunayahu he shaves (his mouth)
- mushpèkàt clear water
- mehëmushitunayëhikàn ni razor tool frequently used to clear (shave) the mouth
- mehëmikëmòsit na worker, one who repeatedly, frequently works PL=mehëmikëmòsichik
- mikëmòsit na worker one who works PL=mikëmòsichik
- mikëmòsu vai he works root=/mikëmòsi/
- ehëliksink that which is used to color / dye
- mawënsi (root) to pick berries
- mehëmawënsit na berry picker, one who repeatedly picks berries PL=mehëmawënsichik
- mehëmawënsink fruit, (berries only)
- maike vai he stays overnight, he camps
- mehëmaikènk ni hotel, motel place where people frequently, repeatedly stay overnight
- kahtënamu his age -> kahtënamit what his age is
- wëlhatènamu vai he is in a happy mood -> also wëlatènamu
- wëlatenamëwakàn ni happiness
- winkhatènamu he is happy, he is in a pleasant mood
- sàkhotènamu vai he is depressed, he is worried, he is despondent, he is in a sad state of mind
- sakomàlsu vai he feels uncomfortable, is unconfortable ( sakw-amalsi-w) discomfort- feel-3
- sakomàlsëwakàn ni discomfort,
- sakowsëwakàn ni irksome life sakw-awsëwakàn
- sakwelìntàmëwakàn ni melancholy, the state of feeling melancholy, sadness
- sàkhotènamëwakàn ni mental depression, despondency, worry the state of feeling uncomfortable in ones thoughts
- manunkhatènamu vai he feels mad
- kaonehëmalao vta he throws him down
- alulhitehëmën to knock something upside down
- ehëmàxkenk gravy
- atehëmën he put out the fire
- shawishapiahe vai she sews on a beaded edge
- lusikte prairie fire
- màsktënchu ni chamber pot, bed-pan màskt-ënchu dung-dish
- ktëskawtin ni race (runnning)
- linkte it thaws, it melts
- wichikemàk na neighbor
- wikhe vai he is building a house
- wikhèt na house builder PL=wikhèchik
- winkalit na friend, one who likes me PL=winkalichik
- winkeòxkwèt na one who likes women PL=winkeòxkwèchik
- winkeòhkwèt na raven, african lion those who like meat PL=winkeòhkwèchik
- wisawsit na one who is yellow, Asians (I know! :0 ) PL=wisawsichik
- witënakwsichik na those who work together, co-workers
- wëlapènsit na a person who has a good inheritance, patrimony PL=wëlapènsichik
- wësksit na a young one, youth pl=wësksichik
- xuwichik na old ones
- àskàskontpat na mallard duck one who has a green head pl=àskàskontpachik
- àspit na one who goes up, ascends pl=àspichik
- àskàskwsit na one who is green pl=àskàskwsichik
- èhamès, èhamèt na fisherman pl=èhamèchik
- èhashëntèsit na trader pl=èhashëntèsichik
- èkhòkait na one who is under the ground pl=èkhòkaichik
- èlait na hunter, one who hunts pl=èlaichik
- aphakahikàn ni saddle blanket
- ashuwatehikàn a cross
- chichikënëmwikënhwis na meadowlark
- ehatehikàn ni snuffer, tool to extinguish a fire
- ehalatëlawsichik na the dead those who have ceased to live
- ehëlèkhikèt na writer, author pl=ehëlèkhikèchik
- hakihèt na a farmer, one who gardens, plants, pl=hakihèchik
- haphitehikàn ni anvil
- kèshipsit na one who has an itch pl=kèshipsichik
- kèkpëchehëlat na one who went crazy pl=kèkpëchehëlachik
- kèkpahikès na jailer one who shuts people in
- kèhkëlahikès na trapper one who traps pl=kèhkëlahikès
- kwìthikeokàn ni correction
- kwènashikànat na Englishman long knife pl=kwènashikànachik
- kwshikshakokàn sawdust
- kpëshehikàn ni cover, lid
- kpàskhikàn ni cork, stopper
- kiwsit na drunkard, drunk pl=kiwsichik
- kishuxèkhikàn ni calendar
- kishikën vii it is fully grown
- kishikënëmën he raised a crop
- kishikhe he is finished building a house
- kishikeokàn ni growth
- kikehwèt na healer, one who regularly heals pl=kikehwèchik
- hìkënàns na nit
- manshapiahikànasik beadwork done on a loom
- mhitahpit na one who is born pl=mhitahpichik
- màxkchëphìk ni beet red root
- shikwsu pork side, salt pork , bacon
- shiphike he hangs things
- shikwine (root) to be an orphan
- shikwilësëwakàn ni robbery
- shikwinèt na orphan pl=shikwinèchik
- shèshikwitasik ni stolen goods, that which is stolen
- sahkehikàn na ladder, stairs
- wisahke it burns (on the skin)
- wisahkixwsu the sun is hot on him, the sun burns him
- wisahkipukòt vii it tastes bitter
- wisahkamàlsu vai he is in extreme pain, burning pain, bitter pain he feels bitter, he feels burning
- sàhkaxehun ni earring
- sahkakwën (root) lead him by the hand
- pëntpehëlaxthikàn ni funnel (something like *tool in which water is led
- pehpakàntpehëlas na Hognose snake, cottonmouth Heterodon platirhinos (something like *one who habitually bites the foot
- pàkan the width
- tànkiti pàkàn vii it is narrow tànk-i-ti pàkàn small-connective-dim. width
- xinkwi pàkàn vii it is wide big-con-dim. width
- pàkanikea my molars where my teeth are flat
- pakànke locust, seven year cicada
- pakalënche vai he claps
- pàkahpon skillet bread flat bread
- pàkaonke it has a flat bank, there is a
- pënaelìntàmahikàn ni computer thinking machine
- pèpkwëshikàn ni auger, drill
- ènta pàkalënchat in his palm in the flat of his hand
- pèhpënunhikehikàn ni television tool which they regularly look at, tool which regularly shows
- punthikàn ni scales, steelyard from /punthe/ to weigh.
- pkwitehikàn ni chisel
- pahsahikàn ni Indian football, ball
- pahsaonkixën vii it lies halfway down a hill
- pahsaonke it is halfway down a hill
- pahsaèk valley, ravine also pahsayèk , pahsayunk
- mëtanhike he is doctoring (a mëteine)
- thikamikàt a cold room
- tàhkònshikàn ni scissors
- tahkwëntahikàn ni hobbles
- sëkhìksu vai he is sunburned
- sànkhikàn ni pump-drill, fire-drill
- sikapehikàn ni wringer
- tànkchehikàn ni spur
- tèhtëmàskhikàn ni mowing machine, lawnmower machine regularly used to cut grass
- welawsit na one who lives good, leads a good life pl=welawsichik
- wënhikahële vii the water ebbs, recedes
- pxàshikàn ni dried meat, jerky
- wëntahkwi this direction, this way, this side
- weèntahkwi on each end, end to end
- eèntahkwi both sides, both ends
- tahkwii together
- tahkwixën vii they are together, they lie together
- tahkwixhamën sew it together
- tahkwipu he eats a feast tahk-wip-w together-eat-3
- tahkwëntikàn ni tweezers, pliers together ---- tool
- wahkwësu he is known
- ahanhùkwii particle over and over again, repeated
- ahanhukochimwit na translator, interpreter pl=ahanhukochimwichik
- ahanhùkwi nuhëm na my great-grandmother grandmother twice over [can also refer to great-aunt]
- ahanhùkwi nëmëxumës na my great-grandfather
- ahanhùkwi nuxwis na my great-grandchild
- nuxwis na my grandchild, grandniece, grandnephew nuxwisàk - my grandchildren
- uxwisa na his/her grandchild, grandniece, grandnephew
- nuhëm na my grandmother, my great-aunt (nuhëma)obv. / deceased
- uma na vocative Grandmother!
- kuhëmëna na our (incl) grandmother
- Kahèsëna Xàskwim Our mother corn
- Kahèsëna Hàki Our mother earth
- nkahèsa na my mother obv. / deceased
- ànati na dear mother! Vocative àna-ti mother-dim.
- àna na voc. mother!
- Shësa na Uncle! vocative (mother's brother)
- nshis na my uncle (mudda's brudda) , kshis, wshisa
- sùkwis na mother-in-law sùkwisa - his mother-in-law
- wèkahèsin vai one who is a mother
- wèkahèsit na one who is a mother pl=wèkahèsichik
- piitàkw na stepmother
- nkahètët na my aunt little mother kohètëta- his aunt
- kahètëta na voc. aunt! synonym=nkahèti --my aunt!
- mëxumës na grandfather, great uncle
- nuxtët na my uncle (father's brother) little father uxtëta - his uncle
- xàta na younger brother
- naxisëmës na my younger brother, sibling, counsin
- xisëmësa na voc younger sister, brother!
- naxisëmëstuk na voc my younger brothers and cousins!, my younger sisters and cousins!
- naxans na my elder brother xònsa his elder brother
- witëntuwàk they are brothers
- nimahtëstuk voc my brothers
- nimahtës na my brother voc=nimàt, nim - brother!

tënuyëma-his brother

- wimahtësa his brother (man speaking)
- wilëma na her brother-in-law
- nilëm na my opposite-sex in-law (man speaking: my sister-in-law)(woman:my brother-in-law)
- wòhtànko na his brother in law
- nahtànkw na my brother-in-law
- witkuxko na her sister
- mwisa na his/her sister
- witawsa na his/her sister-in-law (nitawës my-)
- nëmis na my older sister, cousin (their mwisëwoo
- ntuxkweyëm na my sister (man speaking)
- nitkuxk na my sister (woman speaking)
- xàtash na voc sister!
- nichan na my child (mainly daughter) , my neice
- tòna na his/her daughter (old word)
- naxëm na my daughter-in-law
- xùma na his daughter-in-law
- kìkay na old person, elder also khìkay
- kpahasit na prisoner pl=kpahasichik also kèkpahèsit pl=kèkpahèsichik
- weòpsit na the white one, white person pl=weòpsichik
- alëwilësëwakàn ni power
- anetawsëwakàn ni awkwardness
- chanawsëwakàn ni sins, wrongdoing
- chanelìntàmëwakàn ni dissatisfaction
- chitanësëwakàn ni strength, power
- chitanìsëwakànit na strong person, moral person pl=chitanìsëwakànichik
- kahtusëmëwakàn ni thirst
- kanshelìntàmëwakàn ni surprise
- kiòlëtëwakàn ni deceit
- kpëcheonkëlëwakàn ni insanity
- kànkàmawsëwakàn ni living a strange life, eccentricity
- lapènsëwakàn ni inheritance
- lixsëwakàn ni language
- luwènsëwakàn ni name
- làchèsëwakàn ni possession
- mahtawsëwakàn ni sin, bad life, wickedness
- mayawsëwakàn ni righteousness
- psàkwitehasu vii' it has been glued to something, nailed to something, stuck on to something
- psàkwihële vti it is stuck on
- psàkwe vii it is sticky, stuck together, stuck on
- psàksu vai he is sticky
- psàkwiokàn ni glue
- pikàkës na peafowl, peacock, peahen
- kak na brant (a type of goose)
- kakiwalis na brown thrasher, Toxostoma rufum (bird)
- këluke vai he swears, he curses -> kakëluke - he swears repeatedly
- kakëlultëwakàn ni profanity
- èhèshikakwën ni laxative
- pàkakwënèt na moose --> also pàkakënèt
- tànkakwtët little tree
- psàkòn vii it is sticky
- psàkwixtun he sticks it on
- pèpëlakhàkw ni pepper-shaker (suffix from hakhàkw?
- pèhpëmëtunhès na preacher one who speaks frequently
- punkwës na mosquito
- wipunkwskikw sage (grey grass)
- wipunkwsu vai he is grey
- wipunkwinakòt vii it looks grey, it looks grey colored
- wipunkwe vii it is grey
- sakimëwakàn ni chieftancy, chieftainship
- sakixën vii it is sticking out, it lies sticking out
- sàke vii length, height, it is ___ long, it is ___ high, length of something also sàki
- èhatikès na gambler, better
- wèkulis na whip-poor-will
- wèhshùmwis na cow
- wixëwësit one who is hairy PL=wixëwësichik those who are hairy
- wixëwësu vai he is hairy
- weòputis na hornet
- xalahputis na spider
- pamputis na snapping-turtle
- òlpekàt ni a round hole of water, water hole
- shaxëxëkatèpisun ni splint for a broken leg straight leg medicine
- sànàkwtis wart
- sàkës na burr
- sàktùkw na tick
- nènhìlëwès na murderer one who repeatedly kills
- nulhànt vai he is lazy
- nulhàntës na lazy person, one who is lazy
- ntalëmuns na my pet (ktalëmuns) etc...
- talëmunsu vai he has a pet
- talëmunsit na one who has a pet, a pet-owner PL=talëmunsichik
- wètalëmunsichik na those who have pets
- muxwès na insect, bug
- mus na moose, elk
- pòkshëmën to cut it open
- pòksha to cut him open
- mamantuhwis na whirligig beetle, water beetle
- mamalis na fawn
- lòyès na lawyer
- lulus na burrowing wasp
- lelèmpëlis na hummingbird
- kwëshhate vii it is smoking
- kenamëwakàn ni thankfulness
- ksinhatènamu vai he is unconcerned
- ktëmakhatènamu vai he has sad thoughts, he grieves
- këlamhatènamu vai he has a calm mind
- [[
- [[

Munsee

Munsee
- ách (particle) even
- áa PC should, would, can, could
- áalund PC some
- áaman NI rope, piece of rope. Pl. áamanal | poss. ndáaman | dim. áamanush
- aapíikwus NA mouse. Pl. aapíikwsak | Dim. aapíikwshush| Obv. aapíikwsal
- aaptonáakan NI voice PL. aaptonáakanal
- áashtee PC instead, next
- ápih PC might ; future
- apahahkáakan NI roof PL apahahkáakanal| poss. ndaphahkáakan | loc. apahahkáakanung | dim. apahahkáakanush. SEE apaháakan
- anz’híikan NI scoop, dipper, something used to dip for water. PL
- anáanzoon NI Sheet, bedding
- kíhkay NA chief PL kíhkayak | poss. ngíhkayum | obv. kíhkayal
- xwéelun PC many times
- xwéeli- PV very many, very much, a lot
- xwupéekat vii be deep water Suffix cognate with Unami -pekàt it is water
- yáanee PC always, often
- yáapee PC along the bank, down by the water Cognate with Unami iape (“near the water”)
- yáawii PC on one side
- láawate PC ago
- ámbee PC also
- nóondaa PC less than
- nzáapaan NI cornmeal mush, oatmeal, cog|unm|sapan poss. nùsaapáanum, nzaapáanum | loc. nzaapáanung
- nzúkeew vii it is black Conj 3 sg nzúkeek | participle nzúkeek
- nzúksuw vai he/she is black Ind. 1 sg nuskúsi (-im) | Conj. 3 sg. nzúksiit | participle neeskúsiit
- nóox NA father (my father) PL nóoxwak | 3 sg poss. óoxwal
- ootéenay NI town, land PL ootéenayal | poss. 1 sg ndootéenay | loc. ootéeneeng | dimin. oochéeneesh
- oxkweekángan NI neck PL oxkweekánganal | poss. 1 sg ndoxkweekángan | loc. oxkweekánganung | dimin. oxkweekánganush
- wŭláakanus NI dish PL wŭlaakanúsal | poss. 1 sg nooláakanus | loc. wŭlaakanúsung | dimin. wŭlaakanúshush
- wŭlaamweewáakan NI truth
- wŭlaangoondŭwáakan NI friendship
- níipun vii be summer, summer níipune - last summer niipúnge-next summer Conj. 3 sg níipung | participle níipung

Danish

- omlejre
- belejre
- tilstå
- indgå
- henstå
- udstå
- udørk
- udstikke
- afstikke
- udstille
- udstilling
- udside
- yderside
- udsyn
- udsending
- sendemand
- udsende
- udsendelse
- udsejling
- indsejling
- udsat
- gane
- udskyde
- bjæffe

Tamil

Kurdish

A

B

C

Ç

D

E

erênî

Ê

F

G

H

I

ixtilaf

Î

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

Ş

T

U

Û

V

vexwendin

W

X

Y

yekûdu

Z

[Term?]
[Term?]
[Term?]
[Term?]
[Term?]
[Term?]
[Term?]
[Term?]
[Term?]
[Term?]

German

! = to be edited

Siouan

--> Dakota

imniża rock
iƞ'yaƞ rock
psiƞ rice
kaƞġi raven
wakpa river
wihmuƞke rainbow
wica raccoon
wożupi, su seed
siƞte tail
wicaƞḣpi star

--> Lakota

sú seed wożupi
íŋyaŋ rock
siŋté tail

-->Osage

-->Quapaw

wahíǫ (alt= wa-hi-oⁿ) rope, sinew, lariat
íkkąde rope, lariat (i-kaⁿ-de)
bdóka circular, round, whole, entire (bdo-ka)
šǫ́šǫ round, spherical (shoⁿ-shoⁿ)
štáha smooth, rounded (shta-ha)
óxtaxti to honor s.o., treat with respect (o-xta-xti) from -> cf. o-xta (óxta) - good, desirable; xti (-xti) - very, real, fully
kíkʔi to give back, return (ki-k’i)
tíwe rib (ti-we)
zą́zikka red-shafted flicker (zaⁿ-zi-ka)
maštįké, maštį́ke rabbit, hare (ma-shtiⁿ-ke)
mikká raccoon (mi-ka)
niží rain, it's raining (ni-zhi)
ttoníkde rainbow (to-ni-kde)
waxéka blackberry (wa-xe-ka)
waxéka xótte raspberry (wa-xe-ka xo-te)
įčʰą́ka, įčʰǫ́ka mouse (iⁿ-chʰaⁿ-ka), (iⁿ-chʰoⁿ-ka)
kkáγe raven (ka-xe)
sį́tté tail (siⁿ-te)
į́spe axe (iⁿ-spe)

--> Kaw / Kansa

mashcíⁿge rabbit
miká raccoon
tóholaⁿ rainbow
ówahàⁿ kin, relation
wayúskida roasted corn bundles cooked in ashes
wakáⁿdagi sacred
waxóbe sacred
síⁿje tail
mikák'e star

--> Assiniboine / Nakoda

gari raven
hâgasa raccoon
pezirhoda sage
wapta river
thîde tail
yarhyarîgen star

Fula

ngo

Adamawa

PoßeßiV Prōouns——Ind pro

persōal Claßes

-am ——— mín
máaɗa / -ma ——— aan
máako ——— kaŋko

'ámin / -min ——— mínin
méeɗen / -men ——— énen
méeɗon / -mon ——— ónon
maɓɓe ——— kámɓe

Kachin

maklung - bullet
htu - sword
sabya - soap
sanghpaw - papaya
hpun lap - leaf
dinggram - forest
maling - forest
asi - death
zai bru - sand
hpaga - trade, a caravan
jau poi - merchant
hkau lang - wheat
jung - wheat
gan - a yoke
jan - the sun
ning hkawng - the sun
na yi - a she-goat
nam la - a he-goat
bum - a mountain
loi - a mountain
lang - a mountain
bum lang - mountainous
laru rat- foothills, high land
chyahkan - crab
masin - liver
sin - liver
htanda - the chest
hpun - tree, bush, stalk
wak - sal tree (Pentaome siamensis)
maza - cinnamon
ngau - timber, lumber
hpin - wood
bu - betel
hpungnang - water
hpungsang- water
hka - water (as in a lake)
tawngmu - lotus
shagroi - water
ntsin - drinking water
gindaw - a body of water
nam - water, oil
hkahtung - a well
namhkun - a well
ra - a traditional river
hka hpawk - spring
hkadeng - spring
hka kau - the bank, shore
hkyawng - stream
luksuk - soldier
majan - war
dap - a fort
dapjung - to encamp
hpyen tai - to become an enemy
hpyen - an adversary, enemy
hpyen awng- to conquer, gain a victory
hpyen tai - to enlist, become a soldier
hpyen shang - to attack, rush
hpyen wang - Tô surround and besiege
jau bu - military officer
hpyendap - a military camp
hpyenbu - an officer, captain
lakap - captain, commander
akawng - hill
num kawng - hill
kawng - elevation, hill
hkyun - the kidneys
shun - a kidney
nhkyun - the kidneys
gawhpa - corn, maize
hkai ngu - corn, maize
mamung - mango
majap - red-pepper, chili
shata - the moon
lun - a month
kasha - child

VERBS

dum - to remember
sam - to appear, seem

jahkring - to delay, cause to wait

NUMBERS

langai - numeral one
sum - numeral three
malai - numeral four