abrasive

English edit

Etymology edit

abrase +‎ -ive

Pronunciation edit

(US) IPA^(key): /əˈbɹeɪ.sɪv/, /əˈbɹeɪ.zɪv/
Audio (Southern England) (file)
Audio (Southern England) (file)

Adjective edit

abrasive (comparative more abrasive, superlative most abrasive)

Producing abrasion; rough enough to wear away the outer surface. [First attested in 1805.]
Being rough and coarse in manner or disposition; overly aggressive and causing irritation. [First attested in 1925.]
An abrasive person can grate on one's sensibilities.

Despite her proper upbringing, we found her manners to be terribly abrasive.
- 1978, Richard Nixon, RN: the Memoirs of Richard Nixon‎^[1], Grosset & Dunlap, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 570:
  The women of the movement, it struck me, were more humorless and more single-minded in their total dedication to the ideology than were the men. In fact, Chiang Ching was unpleasantly abrasive and aggressive. At one point that evening she turned to me and in a challenging voice asked, "Why did you not come to China before now?" Since the ballet was in progress at the time, I did not respond.

Derived terms edit

Translations edit

producing abrasion; rough

Bulgarian: изтъркващ (bg) (iztǎrkvašt), изтриващ (bg) (iztrivašt), абразивен (abraziven)
Catalan: abrasiu (ca)
Dutch: schurend (nl)
Finnish: hankaava (fi), hiova (fi)
French: abrasif (fr)
Galician: abrasivo (gl) m
German: abrasiv (de)
Hungarian: érdes (hu), csiszoló (hu), dörzsölő (hu), koptató (hu), durva (hu), dörzs-
Occitan: abrasiu
Polish: ścierny (pl)
Portuguese: abrasivo (pt)
Romanian: abraziv (ro)
Russian: абрази́вный (ru) (abrazívnyj), шлифу́ющий (ru) (šlifújuščij)
Serbo-Croatian: ȁbrazīvan, а̏бразӣван
Spanish: abrasivo (es)
Swedish: slipande (sv)

rough and coarse in manner or disposition

Dutch: irritant (nl), irriterend (nl), ruw (nl)
Finnish: karski (fi), karkea (fi)
French: rude (fr)
German: schroff (de), rauh (de)
Greek: τραχύς (el) (trachýs)
Hungarian: goromba (hu), nyers (hu), durva (hu)
Persian: ساینده (fa)
Polish: szorstki (pl)
Serbo-Croatian: zajèdljiv (sh), oštra jezika
Spanish: brusco (es), irritante (es)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Vietnamese: ^{(please verify)} làm trầy, ^{(please verify)} để cọ xơ ra, ^{(please verify)} để mài mòn

Noun edit

abrasive (plural abrasives)

A hard inorganic substance or material consisting in powder or granule form such as sandpaper, pumice, or emery, used for cleaning, smoothing, or polishing. [First attested in the mid 19^th century.]^[1]
(geology) Rock fragments, sand grains, mineral particles, used by water, wind, and ice to abrade a land surface.

Related terms edit

abrasion

Translations edit

substance used for cleaning, smoothing, or polishing

Bulgarian: абразив (bg) (abraziv)
Dutch: schuurmiddel n, slijpmiddel n
Finnish: hankausaine, hioma-aine
French: abrasif (fr)
German: Schleifmittel (de)
Hungarian: csiszolóanyag (hu), csiszolópapír (hu), csiszolópor (hu), csiszolóvászon (hu)
Italian: abrasivo (it) m
Persian: سمباده (fa)
Portuguese: abrasivo (pt)
Russian: абрази́в (ru) m (abrazív)
Spanish: abrasivo (es)
Swedish: abrasivmedel
Ukrainian: абрази́в (uk) m (abrazýv)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Vietnamese: ^{(please verify)} chất mài mòn

References edit

^ Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abrasive”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 7.