betoken

English

Etymology

From Middle English bitoknen, bitacnen, from Old English betācnian (“to betoken, signify, designate”). Equivalent to be- +‎ token. Cognate with Dutch betekenen (“to mean, signify”), German bezeichnen (“to call, designate”), Swedish beteckna (“to represent, designate, indicate”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɪˈtoʊ.kən/

• Audio (UK)

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• Audio (US)

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• Rhymes: -əʊkən

Verb

betoken (third-person singular simple present betokens, present participle betokening, simple past and past participle betokened)

1. (transitive) To signify by some visible object; show by signs or tokens.
   • 1557: Robert Recorde, The whetstone of witte, whiche is the seconde parte of Arithmetike : containyng the xtraction of Rootes : The Cossike practise, with the rule of Equation : and the workes of Surde Nombers.^ʀ, page unknown (Ihon Kyngstone)

     There be other 2 signes in often use of which the first is made thus + and betokeneth more : the other is thus made – and betokeneth lesse.

2. (transitive) To foreshow by present signs; indicate something future by that which is seen or known.
   • 1853: Virgil, Charles Anthon, LL.D. [tr.], Æneïd of Virgil: With English Notes, Critical and Explanatory, a Metrical Clavis: And an Historical, Geographical, and Mythological Index, page 474 (Harper & Brothers, 329 & 331 Pearl Street, Franklin Square, New York)

     “ Ah ! hospitable land, thou (nevertheless) betokenest war,” i. e., although hospitable, thou nevertheless betokenest war. — Bello.

Synonyms

• (signify): indicate, mark, note
• (foreshow): portend, presage, forebode

Translations

show by signs or tokens

• Bulgarian: , знача (bg) (znača), означавам (bg) (označavam)

• Serbo-Croatian: naznačiti

indicate something future by that which is seen or known.

• Bulgarian: , вещая (bg) (veštaja), предсказвам (bg) (predskazvam)

• Serbo-Croatian: nagovjestiti, nagovestiti (sh)

References

• betoken in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.