gel

See also: gél, Gel, GEL, and gęl

Contents

EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Coined by Thomas Graham in the mid 19th century as a clipping of gelatin, from French gélatine, from Italian gelatina, diminutive form of gelata (“iced”), from Latin gelata, past participle of gelo (“to freeze”), from gelu (“frost”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”)

PronunciationEdit

• enPR: jĕl, IPA^(key): /dʒɛl/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛl
• Homophones: jel, jell

NounEdit

gel (countable and uncountable, plural gels)

1. A semi-solid to almost solid colloid of a solid and a liquid, such as jelly, cheese or opal.
   • 2013 May-June, Charles T. Ambrose, “Alzheimer’s Disease”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 200:

     Similar studies of rats have employed four different intracranial resorbable, slow sustained release systems—surgical foam, a thermal gel depot, a microcapsule or biodegradable polymer beads.

2. Any gel intended for a particular cosmetic use, such as for styling the hair.

Derived termsEdit

• aerogel
• hair gel
• hydrogel
• shaving gel

• shower gel
• silica gel
• xerogel

TranslationsEdit

suspension of solid in liquid

• Albanian: xhel m
• Arabic: هُلَام‎‎ m (hulām)
• Armenian: գել (hy) (gel)
• Azerbaijani: qel
• Belarusian: гель m (hjelʹ)
• Bulgarian: гел m (gel)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 凝膠 (zh), 凝胶 (zh) (níngjiāo), 凍膠 (zh), 冻胶 (zh) (dòngjiāo), 啫哩 (zh) (zhělī)

• Czech: gel (cs) m
• Danish: gel
• Dutch: gel (nl) m, n, gelei (nl) f
• Estonian: geel
• Finnish: geeli (fi), hyty, hyytelö (fi)
• French: gel (fr) m
• Georgian: გელი (geli)
• German: Gel (de) n
• Greek: γέλη (el) f (géli), πήκτωμα n (píktoma)
• Hebrew: גֶ׳ל‎‎ m (djel)
• Hindi: जेल (hi) m (jel)
• Ido: jelo (io)
• Indonesian: gel (id)
• Italian: gel (it)
• Japanese: ゲル (ja) (geru), ジェル (jeru)
• Kazakh: гель (gelʹ)
• Khmer: please add this translation if you can
• Korean: 젤 (jel)

• Kyrgyz: гель (ky) (gelʹ)
• Latvian: želeja f
• Lithuanian: gelis m
• Macedonian: гел m (gel)
• Mongolian: гель (gelʹ)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: gel

• Persian: ژل‎‎ (fa) (žel)
• Polish: żel (pl) m
• Portuguese: gel (pt) m
• Russian: гель (ru) m (gelʹ)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: гел m

  Roman: gel (sh) m

• Slovak: gél m
• Slovene: gel m
• Spanish: gel (es)
• Swedish: gel (sv) c, n
• Tajik: гел (gel)
• Thai: เจล (jeen)
• Turkish: jel (tr)
• Ukrainian: гель (uk) m (helʹ)
• Urdu: جیل‎‎ m (jel)
• Uzbek: gel (uz)
• Vietnamese: gien
• Zazaki: jel

any gel for a particular cosmetic use

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 凝膠 (zh), 凝胶 (zh) (níngjiāo)

• Czech: gel (cs) m
• Dutch: gel (nl) m, n
• Finnish: geeli (fi)
• French: gel (fr) m
• German: Gel (de) n
• Greek: ζελέ (el) n (zelé), τζελ n (tzel)
• Hebrew: ג'ל‎‎ (he) m (djel), תקריש‎‎ (he) m (takrísh)

• Hungarian: gél, zselé (hu)
• Japanese: ジェル (jeru), ジェル (jeru)
• Maori: pia
• Persian: ژل‎‎ (fa) (žel)
• Polish: żel (pl) m
• Portuguese: gel (pt) m
• Russian: гель (ru) m (gelʹ)
• Tagalog: pamada
• Turkish: jel (tr), jöle (tr)

See alsoEdit

For more information on classification of colloids, see Wikipedia article on colloids

VerbEdit

gel (third-person singular simple present gels, present participle gelling, simple past and past participle gelled)

1. (transitive) To apply (cosmetic) gel to (the hair, etc).
   • 2017 June 3, Daniel Taylor, “Real Madrid win Champions League as Cristiano Ronaldo double defeats Juv”, in The Guardian (London)‎^[1]:

     It ended, as it so often does, with that familiar smile. Cristiano Ronaldo – gelled hair, dazzling teeth, magic in his boots – will never forget the night he scored the 600th goal of an almost implausible career.

1. (intransitive) To become a gel.
2. (intransitive) To develop a rapport.
   • He was a nice guy, and I got on OK with his friends, but the two of us never really gelled.

TranslationsEdit

apply cosmetic gel

• Dutch: gellen

• Finnish: levittää geeliä

become gel

• Bulgarian: желирам (želiram)
• Dutch: indikken (nl), geleren (nl)

• Finnish: geeliytyä, hyytelöityä
• Spanish: gelificarse

develop a rapport

• Spanish: relacionarse (es)

See alsoEdit

• aerosol
• colloid
• emulsion
• foam
• sol

Etymology 2Edit

Imitative of upper-class British pronunciation of girl.

PronunciationEdit

• enPR: gĕl, IPA^(key): /ɡɛl/

NounEdit

gel (plural gels)

1. (Britain) A girl.

AnagramsEdit

• ELG, ElG, leg, leg.

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CatalanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Occitan, from Latin gelū, from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”).

PronunciationEdit

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /ˈʒɛl/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒɛl/

NounEdit

gel m (plural gels)

1. ice

SynonymsEdit

• glaç

Related termsEdit

• gelar

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CimbrianEdit

AdjectiveEdit

gel

1. yellow

ReferencesEdit

• Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

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DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /ʒɛl/, /dʒɛl/

• Audio

  (file)

NounEdit

gel m, n (plural gels)

1. gel (suspension of solid in liquid)
2. gel (cosmetic preparation)

AnagramsEdit

• leg

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Dutch Low SaxonEdit

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /ɡeːl/

AdjectiveEdit

gel

1. yellow

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FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin gelū, from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”). For the sense of "gel", cf. English gel; compare gélatine.

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /ʒɛl/

• audio

  (file)

NounEdit

gel m (plural gels)

1. frost
2. gel (suspension of solid in liquid)
3. gel (cosmetic preparation)

SynonymsEdit

• (frost): givre

Derived termsEdit

• gelivure
• gélifier

Related termsEdit

• dégel
• gelée
• geler
• gélatine

See alsoEdit

• glace

Further readingEdit

• “gel” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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GermanEdit

AdjectiveEdit

gel (comparative geler, superlative am gelsten)

1. (archaic) Alternative spelling of gelb (yellow).

DeclensionEdit

Positive forms of gel

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		er ist gel	sie ist gel	es ist gel	sie sind gel
strong declension (without article)	nominative	geler	gele	geles	gele
	genitive	gelen	geler	gelen	geler
	dative	gelem	geler	gelem	gelen
	accusative	gelen	gele	geles	gele
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der gele	die gele	das gele	die gelen
	genitive	des gelen	der gelen	des gelen	der gelen
	dative	dem gelen	der gelen	dem gelen	den gelen
	accusative	den gelen	die gele	das gele	die gelen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein geler	eine gele	ein geles	(keine) gelen
	genitive	eines gelen	einer gelen	eines gelen	(keiner) gelen
	dative	einem gelen	einer gelen	einem gelen	(keinen) gelen
	accusative	einen gelen	eine gele	ein geles	(keine) gelen

Comparative forms of gel

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		er ist geler	sie ist geler	es ist geler	sie sind geler
strong declension (without article)	nominative	gelerer	gelere	geleres	gelere
	genitive	geleren	gelerer	geleren	gelerer
	dative	gelerem	gelerer	gelerem	geleren
	accusative	geleren	gelere	geleres	gelere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der gelere	die gelere	das gelere	die geleren
	genitive	des geleren	der geleren	des geleren	der geleren
	dative	dem geleren	der geleren	dem geleren	den geleren
	accusative	den geleren	die gelere	das gelere	die geleren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein gelerer	eine gelere	ein geleres	(keine) geleren
	genitive	eines geleren	einer geleren	eines geleren	(keiner) geleren
	dative	einem geleren	einer geleren	einem geleren	(keinen) geleren
	accusative	einen geleren	eine gelere	ein geleres	(keine) geleren

Superlative forms of gel

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		er ist am gelsten	sie ist am gelsten	es ist am gelsten	sie sind am gelsten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	gelster	gelste	gelstes	gelste
	genitive	gelsten	gelster	gelsten	gelster
	dative	gelstem	gelster	gelstem	gelsten
	accusative	gelsten	gelste	gelstes	gelste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der gelste	die gelste	das gelste	die gelsten
	genitive	des gelsten	der gelsten	des gelsten	der gelsten
	dative	dem gelsten	der gelsten	dem gelsten	den gelsten
	accusative	den gelsten	die gelste	das gelste	die gelsten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein gelster	eine gelste	ein gelstes	(keine) gelsten
	genitive	eines gelsten	einer gelsten	eines gelsten	(keiner) gelsten
	dative	einem gelsten	einer gelsten	einem gelsten	(keinen) gelsten
	accusative	einen gelsten	eine gelste	ein gelstes	(keine) gelsten

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German Low GermanEdit

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /ɡeːl/

AdjectiveEdit

gel

1. Alternative spelling of geel

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IcelandicEdit

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /cɛːl/
• Rhymes: -ɛːl

NounEdit

gel n (genitive singular gels, no plural)

1. gel

DeclensionEdit

declension of gel

n-s	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	gel	gelið
accusative	gel	gelið
dative	geli	gelinu
genitive	gels	gelsins

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NalcaEdit

NounEdit

gel

1. woman
2. wife

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Old FrenchEdit

Alternative formsEdit

• jel

ContractionEdit

gel

1. Contraction of ge + le (I […] it)

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Old IrishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Celtic *gelos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₂- (“to shine”).

AdjectiveEdit

gel

1. bright
2. clear
3. white

DeclensionEdit

o/ā-stem
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	gel	gel	gel
Vocative	gil* gel**
Accusative	gel	gil
Genitive	gil	gile	gil
Dative	giul	gil	giul
Plural	Masculine	Feminine/neuter
Nominative	gil	gela
Vocative	gilu gela†
Accusative	gilu gela†
Genitive	gel
Dative	gelaib
Notes	*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized

Derived termsEdit

• aingel

DescendantsEdit

• Irish: geal
• Manx: gial
• Scottish Gaelic: geal

MutationEdit

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
gel	gel pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/	ngel
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

ReferencesEdit

• “1 gel” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

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Old SaxonEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *gailaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰoylos (“frothing, tempestuous, wanton”). Cognate with Old English gāl, Dutch geil (“salacious, lustful”), Old High German geil (German geil (“lustful”)), Old Norse geiligr (“beautiful”).

AdjectiveEdit

gēl (comparative gēloro, superlative gēlost)

1. wanton, lustful; wicked

DeclensionEdit

Positive forms of gēl

Strong declension
gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	gēl	gēle	gēl	gēlu	gēl	gēle
accusative	gēlana	gēle	gēla	gēlu	gēl	gēle
genitive	gēles	gēlarō	gēlaro	gēlarō	gēles	gēlarō
dative	gēlumu	gēlum	gēlaro	gēlum	gēlumu	gēlum
Weak declension
gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	gēlo	gēlu	gēla	gēlu	gēla	gēlu
accusative	gēlun	gēlun	gēlun	gēlun	gēla	gēlun
genitive	gēlun	gēlonō	gēlun	gēlonō	gēlun	gēlonō
dative	gēlun	gēlum	gēlun	gēlum	gēlun	gēlum

Comparative forms of gēl (weak only)

Weak declension
gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	gēloro	gēloru	gēlora	gēloru	gēlora	gēloru
accusative	gēlorun	gēlorun	gēlorun	gēlorun	gēlora	gēlorun
genitive	gēlorun	gēloronō	gēlorun	gēloronō	gēlorun	gēloronō
dative	gēlorun	gēlorum	gēlorun	gēlorum	gēlorun	gēlorum

Superlative forms of gēl

Strong declension
gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	gēlost	gēloste	gēlost	gēlostu	gēlost	gēloste
accusative	gēlostana	gēloste	gēlosta	gēlostu	gēlost	gēloste
genitive	gēlostes	gēlostarō	gēlostaro	gēlostarō	gēlostes	gēlostarō
dative	gēlostumu	gēlostum	gēlostaro	gēlostum	gēlostumu	gēlostum
Weak declension
gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	gēlosto	gēlostu	gēlosta	gēlostu	gēlosta	gēlostu
accusative	gēlostun	gēlostun	gēlostun	gēlostun	gēlosta	gēlostun
genitive	gēlostun	gēlostonō	gēlostun	gēlostonō	gēlostun	gēlostonō
dative	gēlostun	gēlostum	gēlostun	gēlostum	gēlostun	gēlostum

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PortugueseEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from French gel, cf. English gel, gelatine.

PronunciationEdit

• Rhymes: -ɛw

NounEdit

gel m (plural géis or geles (rare))

1. gel (suspension of solid in liquid)

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SpanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From gelatina or borrowed from French gel, cf. English gel, gelatine.

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /ˈxel/

NounEdit

gel m (plural geles)

1. gel (semi-solid colloid of a solid and a liquid)
2. gel (cosmetic gel, especially body wash)

Derived termsEdit

• aerogel

Further readingEdit

• “gel” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

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Tok PisinEdit

EtymologyEdit

From English girl.

NounEdit

gel

1. girl

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TurkishEdit

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /ɟɛl/

VerbEdit

gel

1. imperative of gelmek