gout

See also: goût and Goût

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old French gote, gute, from Latin gutta (“drop”). Compare Spanish gota (“drop, droplet”). Doublet of goutte and gutta.

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /ɡaʊt/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aʊt
• (Canada) IPA^(key): [ɡʌut]

• Audio (Canada)

  (file)

Noun

gout (countable and uncountable, plural gouts)

1. (uncountable, pathology) An extremely painful inflammation of joints, especially of the big toe, caused by a metabolic defect resulting in the accumulation of uric acid in the blood and the deposition of urates around the joints.

   Synonyms: crystalline arthritis, gouty arthritis, urarthritis

   Hypernym: arthritis

   • 2020 November 13, Ligaya Mishan, “Once the Disease of Gluttonous Aristocrats, Gout Is Now Tormenting the Masses”, in The New York Times‎^[1], ISSN 0362-4331:

     Once gout was confined largely to Western civilization (with some outliers, like the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan); now its ravages are global.

2. (usually followed by of) A spurt or splotch.
   • c. 1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene i], page 136:

     I see thee still, / And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood.

   • 1981, P. D. James, chapter 20, in Children of Men, page 137:

     [S]mall chunks of rubble and gouts of soot had fallen from the chimney, and were ground into the rug under his unwary feet.

   • 2002, Mercedes Lackey; Eric Flint; Dave Freer, The Shadow of the Lion‎^[2]:

     Another blow sent gouts of blood flying, along with gobbets of flesh.

3. (rare) A disease of wheat and cornstalks, caused by insect larvae.

Derived terms

• goutiness
• gout-ridden
• gouty
• pseudogout

Related terms

• gutter

Descendants

• Thai: เกาต์ (gáo)

Translations

arthritic disease

• Albanian: gutë f, podagër f
• Arabic: رَثْيَة‎ f (raṯya)
• Armenian: հոդատապ (hy) (hodatap), պոդագրա (hy) (podagra)
• Azerbaijani: podaqra
• Basque: hezueri
• Bulgarian: подагра f (podagra)
• Catalan: gota (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 痛風, 痛风 (tung³ fung¹)

  Mandarin: 痛風 (zh), 痛风 (zh) (tòngfēng)

• Czech: dna (cs) f, pakostnice (cs) f
• Danish: gigt c
• Dutch: jicht (nl) m
• Elfdalian: djikt f
• Faroese: gikt f
• Finnish: kihti (fi)
• French: goutte (fr) f
• Galician: gota (gl) f
• Georgian: ნიკრისის ქარი (niḳrisis kari)
• German: Gicht (de) f
• Greek: ποδάγρα (el) f (podágra), ουρική αρθρίτιδα f (ourikí arthrítida)

  Ancient: ποδάγρα f (podágra)

• Greenlandic: gigti, avallunneq
• Hebrew: שגדון‎ m (shigadon)
• Hungarian: köszvény (hu)
• Icelandic: gigt (is) f
• Italian: gotta (it), podagra (it) (when affecting the feet)
• Japanese: 痛風 (つうふう tsūfū)
• Khmer: please add this translation if you can
• Korean: 통풍 (tongpung) (痛風)
• Latin: podagra f, gutta

• Latvian: podagra f
• Lithuanian: podagra f
• Luxembourgish: Giicht f
• Maori: porohau, koute
• Mongolian: тулай өвчин (tulaj övčin)
• Nepali: बात (bāt), बाथ (bāth), गाउट (gāuṭ), युरिक एसिडको रोग (yurik esiḍko rog)
• Northern Sami: leasmi, leasmedávda
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: gikt

  Nynorsk: gikt

• Old English: fōtādl f
• Polish: dna (pl)
• Portuguese: gota (pt) f
• Romanian: gută (ro) f, podagră (ro) f
• Romansch: gutta f
• Russian: пода́гра (ru) f (podágra)
• Serbo-Croatian: kostobolja (sh) f
• Slovak: dna (sk) f
• Slovene: protin
• Sorbian:

  Upper Sorbian: wić f

• Spanish: gota (es) f
• Swedish: gikt (sv) c
• Tagalog: piyo, gota
• Thai: เกาต์ (th) (gáo)
• Turkish: gut (tr)
• Vietnamese: thống phong (vi) (痛風 (vi))
• Volapük: gig (vo), (foot) futagig, (shoulder) jotagig
• Westrobothnian: rennhellt f
• Zazaki: bılık

Verb

gout (third-person singular simple present gouts, present participle gouting, simple past and past participle gouted)

1. (intransitive) To spurt.
   • 2001, Stephen King, Peter Straub, Black House

     Dark blood gouts from the creature's brisket.

Etymology 2

French goût

Noun

gout (plural gouts)

1. (obsolete) taste; relish
   • 1870, The Cook and Housewife's Manual (5th edition)

     A modern refinement is to put laver in the dripping-pan, which, in basting, imparts a high gout: or a large saddle may be served over a pound and a half of laver, stewed in brown sauce with catsup […]

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French

Noun

gout m (plural gouts)

1. Alternative spelling of goût

Usage notes

This spelling was a product of the 1990 French spelling reforms.

Further reading

• “gout” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch golt, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣout/

Noun

gout n (stem goud-)

1. gold

Alternative forms

• golt (Rhinelandic, Limburgish)

Descendants

• Dutch: goud
  • Afrikaans: goud
  • → Sranan Tongo: gowtu
• Limburgish: góldj

Further reading

• “gout”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “gout”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN