gout

See also: goût and Goût

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English goute, from Old French gote, gute, from Latin gutta (“drop”). Compare Spanish gota (“drop, droplet”). Doublet of goutte, gutta, and gutter.

The sense shift derived from humorism and "the notion of the 'dropping' of a morbid material from the blood in and around the joints".

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /ɡaʊt/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aʊt
• (Canada) IPA^(key): [ɡʌut]

• Audio (Canada):

  (file)

Noun

gout (countable and uncountable, plural gouts)

1. (uncountable, pathology) An extremely painful inflammation of joints, especially of the big toe, caused by a metabolic defect resulting in the accumulation of uric acid in the blood and the deposition of urates around the joints.

   Synonyms: crystalline arthritis, gouty arthritis, urarthritis, rich man's disease

   Hypernym: arthritis

   • 2020 November 13, Ligaya Mishan, “Once the Disease of Gluttonous Aristocrats, Gout Is Now Tormenting the Masses”, in The New York Times‎^[1], →ISSN:

     Once gout was confined largely to Western civilization (with some outliers, like the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan); now its ravages are global.

2. (usually followed by of) A spurt or splotch.
   • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 136:

     I see thee still, / And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood.

   • 1981, P. D. James, chapter 20, in Children of Men, page 137:

     [S]mall chunks of rubble and gouts of soot had fallen from the chimney, and were ground into the rug under his unwary feet.

   • 2002, Mercedes Lackey, Eric Flint, Dave Freer, The Shadow of the Lion‎^[2]:

     Another blow sent gouts of blood flying, along with gobbets of flesh.

3. (rare) A disease of wheat and cornstalks, caused by insect larvae.

Alternative forms

• gowt (obsolete)

Derived terms

• French gout
• goutiness
• gout ivy
• gout plant
• gout stalk
• gout-ridden
• gouty
• pseudogout

Related terms

• gutter

Descendants

• → Thai: เกาต์ (gáo)

Translations

arthritic disease

• Albanian: gutë f, podagër f
• Arabic: رَثْيَة f (raṯya)
• Armenian: հոդատապ (hy) (hodatap), պոդագրա (hy) (podagra)
• Azerbaijani: podaqra
• Basque: hezueri
• Bulgarian: подагра (bg) f (podagra)
• Catalan: gota (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 痛風／痛风 (tung³ fung¹)

  Mandarin: 痛風／痛风 (zh) (tòngfēng)

• Czech: dna (cs) f, pakostnice (cs) f
• Danish: gigt c
• Dutch: jicht (nl) m
• Elfdalian: djikt f
• Esperanto: podagro
• Estonian: please add this translation if you can
• Faroese: gikt f
• Finnish: kihti (fi)
• French: goutte (fr) f
• Galician: gota (gl) f
• Georgian: ნიკრისის ქარი (niḳrisis kari)
• German: Gicht (de) f
• Greek: ποδάγρα (el) f (podágra), ουρική αρθρίτιδα f (ourikí arthrítida)

  Ancient: ποδάγρα f (podágra)

• Greenlandic: gigti, avallunneq
• Hebrew: שגדון m (shigadon)
• Hindi: वातरक्त (hi) (vātrakt)
• Hungarian: köszvény (hu)
• Icelandic: gigt (is) f
• Indonesian: asam urat
• Italian: gotta (it), podagra (it) (when affecting the feet)
• Japanese: 痛風 (ja) (つうふう tsūfū)
• Kazakh: тұзжиналу (tūzjinalu)
• Khmer: please add this translation if you can
• Korean: 통풍(痛風) (tongpung)
• Lao: ເກົາ (lo) (kao)
• Latin: podagra f, gutta
• Latvian: podagra f
• Lithuanian: podagra f
• Luxembourgish: Giicht f
• Maori: porohau, koute
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: тулай өвчин (tulaj övčin), тулайтах (mn) (tulajtax)

  Mongolian: ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠢ
  ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ (tulai ebedčin), ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠶᠢᠲᠣᠬᠤ (tulayitoqu)

• Nepali: बात (bāt), बाथ (bāth), गाउट (gāuṭ), युरिक एसिडको रोग (yurik esiḍko rog)
• Northern Sami: leasmi, leasmedávda
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: gikt

  Nynorsk: gikt

• Old English: fōtādl f
• Polish: dna (pl)
• Portuguese: gota (pt) f
• Punjabi: ਗਾਊਟ m (gāūṭa)
• Romanian: gută (ro) f, podagră (ro) f
• Romansch: gutta f
• Russian: пода́гра (ru) f (podágra)
• Serbo-Croatian: kostobolja (sh) f
• Slovak: dna (sk) f
• Slovene: protin
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: popajź f

  Upper Sorbian: wić f

• Spanish: gota (es) f
• Swedish: gikt (sv) c
• Tagalog: piyo, gota
• Thai: เกาต์ (th) (gáo)
• Turkish: gut (tr)
• Vietnamese: thống phong (vi) (痛風 (vi))
• Volapük: gig (vo), (foot) futagig, (shoulder) jotagig
• Zazaki: bılık

Verb

gout (third-person singular simple present gouts, present participle gouting, simple past and past participle gouted)

1. (intransitive) To spurt.
   • 2001, Stephen King, Peter Straub, Black House:

     Dark blood gouts from the creature's brisket.

Etymology 2

French goût

Noun

gout (plural gouts)

1. (obsolete) Taste; relish.
   • 1838, [Letitia Elizabeth] Landon (indicated as editor), chapter XVIII, in Duty and Inclination: […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 232:

     After a time, however, he became more sensible of the reviving influence proceeding from renewed energy; luxurious indolence had for ever lost to him its goût; […]

   • 1870, The Cook and Housewife's Manual, 5th edition:

     A modern refinement is to put laver in the dripping-pan, which, in basting, imparts a high gout: or a large saddle may be served over a pound and a half of laver, stewed in brown sauce with catsup […]

Related terms

• chacun a son gout
• haut gout

 

French

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

gout m (plural gouts)

1. post-1990 spelling of goût

Further reading

• “gout”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch golt

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣout/

Noun

gout n (stem goud-)

1. gold

Alternative forms

• golt (Rhinelandic, Limburgish)

Descendants

• Dutch: goud
  • Afrikaans: goud
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: gautu
  • Negerhollands: gaut, goud, gout
  • Skepi Creole Dutch: gaut
  • → Sranan Tongo: gowtu
    • → Caribbean Javanese: gautu
    • → Saramaccan: góútu
    • → Trió: koutu
• Limburgish: góldj

Further reading

• “gout”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “gout”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN