gunung

Brunei Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *gunuŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gunuŋ. Cognate with Malay gunung (“mountain”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡunuŋ/
• Hyphenation: gu‧nung

Noun

gunung

1. mountain (large mass of earth and rock)

Coordinate terms

• bukit (“hill”)

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• goenoeng (pre-1947)

Etymology

From Malay gunung, from Classical Malay gunung, from Proto-Malayic *gunuŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gunuŋ. Cognate of Javanese ꦒꦸꦤꦸꦁ (gunung), Sundanese ᮌᮥᮔᮥᮀ (gunung).

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡunuŋ/, [ˈɡu.nʊŋ]
• Hyphenation: gu‧nung

Noun

gunung (first-person possessive gunungku, second-person possessive gunungmu, third-person possessive gunungnya)

1. mountain (large mass of earth and rock)

   Synonym: ardi

Derived terms

• bergunung-gunung
• gunung-ganang
• gunung-gemunung
• gunung-gunungan
• gunungan
• menggunung
• pegunungan
• pergunungan

 

Further reading

• “gunung” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Javanese

Romanization

gunung

1. Romanization of ꦒꦸꦤꦸꦁ

Malay

gunung dilitupi salji

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *gunuŋ from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gunuŋ (compare Javanese ꦒꦸꦤꦸꦁ (gunung), Sundanese ᮌᮥᮔᮥᮀ (gunung)).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -uŋ

• (Johor-Selangor, Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /ˈɡunoŋ/, [ˈɡu.noŋ]

• (Northern Peninsular Malay) IPA^(key): /ˈɡunuŋ/, [ˈɡu.nuŋ]
• Hyphenation: gu‧nung
• Rhymes: -unuŋ

Noun

gunung (Jawi spelling ݢونوڠ, plural gunung-ganang, informal 1st possessive gunungku, 2nd possessive gunungmu, 3rd possessive gunungnya)

1. mountain (large mass of earth and rock)

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• menggunung [agent focus] (meN-)
• menggunungan [agent focus + timespan / emotion] (meN- + -an)
• pergunungan [causative passive + timespan / emotion] (peR- + -an)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• bergunung-gunung (“mountainous”)
• gegunungan (“artificial mound; small hill”)
• gunung-gemunung (“mountain range; plural form of gunung”)
• gunung berapi (“volcano”)
• gunung-ganang (“plural form of gunung”)

Related terms

• bukit (“hill”)

References

• Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “ݢونڠ goenoeng”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 109
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “ݢونڠ gunong”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 583
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “gunong”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, pages 381-2

Further reading

• “gunung” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Old Javanese

Noun

gunung

1. mountain

Sundanese

Romanization

gunung

1. Romanization of ᮌᮥᮔᮥᮀ