artificial

English

Etymology

Via Old French (French: artificiel), from Latin artificialis from artificium (“skill”), from artifex, from ars (“skill”), and -fex, from facere (“to make”).

Pronunciation

• enPR: ä(r)təfĭsh'əl, IPA^(key): /ɑː(ɹ)təˈfɪʃəl/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪʃəl

Adjective

artificial (comparative more artificial, superlative most artificial)

1. Man-made; of artifice.
   • 2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist‎^[1], volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):

     An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine. But they are nothing like as efficient, and can cause bleeding, clotting and infection—not to mention inconvenience for patients, who typically need to be hooked up to one three times a week for hours at a time.

   The flowers were artificial, and he thought them rather tacky.

2. False, misleading.

   Her manner was somewhat artificial.

3. Unnatural.

Synonyms

• artificious

Antonyms

• (unnatural): natural

Derived terms

• artificial consciousness
• artificial intelligence
• artificiality
• artificially
• artificialness
• artificial selection
• artificial turf

 

Related terms

• artifact
• artifice
• artificer

Translations

man-made

• Albanian: artificial (sq)
• Arabic: مُتَصَنَّع‎ (mutaṣannaʿ)
• Aragonese: artificial
• Armenian: արհեստական (hy) (arhestakan)
• Asturian: artificial
• Azerbaijani: süni (az)
• Belarusian: шту́чны (štúčny)
• Bengali: কৃত্রিম (kritrim)
• Bulgarian: изку́ствен (bg) (izkústven)
• Catalan: artificial (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 人造的 (zh) (rénzào de)

• Czech: umělý (cs)
• Danish: kunstig (da), artificiel
• Dutch: artificieel (nl), kunstmatig (nl)
• Esperanto: artefarita
• Finnish: keinotekoinen (fi), teko- (in compounds), keino- (in compounds)
• French: artificiel (fr)
• Galician: artificial
• German: künstlich (de)
• Greek: τεχνητός (el) (technitós)

  Ancient: χειροποίητος (kheiropoíētos)

• Hebrew: מְלָאכוּתִי‎ (he) (m'lakhutí)
• Hindi: कृत्रिम (hi) (kŕtrim)
• Hungarian: mesterséges (hu)
• Ido: artificala (io)
• Interlingue: artificial
• Irish: tacair
• Italian: artificiale (it), artefatto (it) m
• Japanese: 人工の (ja) (じんこうの, jinkō no)
• Korean: 인공의 (ko) (in-gong-ui)
• Lithuanian: dirbtinis (lt)

• Macedonian: вештачки (veštački)
• Mongolian: хиймэл (mn) (hijmel)
• Nahuatl: tlachihualli, tlacachihualli
• Norman: artificiel
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: kunstig (no)

• Old English: cræftlīċ
• Persian: ساختگی‎ (fa) (sâxtagi)
• Polish: sztuczny (pl) m
• Portuguese: artificial (pt)
• Romanian: artificial (ro)
• Russian: иску́сственный (ru) (iskússtvennyj)
• Sanskrit: कृत्रिम (sa) (kṛtrima), कल्पित (sa) (kalpita)
• Scottish Gaelic: fuadain
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: вештачки

  Roman: veštački (sh)

• Slovak: umelý
• Slovene: umeten
• Spanish: artificial (es)
• Swedish: konstgjord (sv), artificiell (sv)
• Tagalog: gawa-gawa, balat-bunga
• Telugu: కృత్రిమమైన (te) (kr̥trimamaina)
• Thai: เทียม (th) (tiiam)
• Turkish: yapay (tr)
• Ukrainian: шту́чний (štúčnyj)
• Vietnamese: nhân tạo (vi)
• Volapük: mekavik (vo)

false, misleading

• Albanian: artificial (sq)
• Armenian: արհեստական (hy) (arhestakan)
• Asturian: artificial
• Azerbaijani: süni (az), saxta (az), uydurma (az)
• Bulgarian: прикрит (bg) (prikrit)
• Catalan: artificial (ca), fals (ca)
• Dutch: kunstmatig (nl), nagemaakt (nl), artificieel (nl)
• Finnish: teennäinen (fi)
• Galician: falso (gl) m
• German: künstlich (de)
• Greek: τεχνητός (el) (technitós), επίπλαστος (el) (epíplastos)

  Ancient: πλαστός (plastós)

• Interlingue: artificial
• Italian: artificioso (it), falso (it), artefatto (it) m

• Macedonian: вештачки (veštački)
• Old English: cræftlīċ
• Portuguese: artificial (pt), falso (pt)
• Romanian: fals (ro), artificial (ro)
• Russian: иску́сственный (ru) (iskússtvennyj), притво́рный (ru) (pritvórnyj)
• Scottish Gaelic: breugach, fuadain
• Slovene: narejen
• Spanish: artificial (es)
• Swedish: konstlad (sv)
• Thai: เทียม (th) (tiiam)
• Turkish: yapay (tr), sahte (tr), yapmacık (tr)

unnatural

• Albanian: artificial (sq)
• Armenian: արհեստական (hy) (arhestakan)
• Asturian: artificial
• Azerbaijani: süni (az)
• Bengali: কৃত্রিম (kritrim)
• Bulgarian: неестествен (bg) (neestestven), принуден (bg) (prinuden)
• Catalan: artificial (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 人為 (zh), 人为 (zh) (rénwéi)

• Dutch: kunstmatig (nl), artificieel (nl), onnatuurlijk (nl), nagemaakt (nl)
• Finnish: teennäinen (fi), luonnoton (fi)
• Galician: artificial m or f
• German: unnatürlich (de), affektiert (de)

• Greek: τεχνητός (el) (technitós), αφύσικος (el) (afýsikos)
• Italian: innaturale (it), artefatto (it) m
• Japanese: 人為的な (ja) (じんいてきな, jin'iteki na)
• Korean: 인위적 (ko) (inwijeok)
• Kurdish: deskar (ku), destkar (ku)
• Macedonian: вештачки (veštački), неприроден (nepriroden)
• Portuguese: artificial (pt)
• Romanian: nenatural (ro), artificial (ro)
• Russian: иску́сственный (ru) (iskússtvennyj), ненатура́льный (ru) (nenaturálʹnyj), неесте́ственный (ru) (nejestéstvennyj)
• Spanish: artificial (es)
• Telugu: అసహజమైన (asahajamaina)
• Thai: เทียม (th) (tiiam)
• Turkish: yapay (tr), yapmacık (tr)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} artefarita
• French: ^{(please verify)} artificiel (fr)
• Ido: ^{(please verify)} artificala (io)

• Latin: ^{(please verify)} artificialis, ^{(please verify)} artificiosus
• Turkish: ^{(please verify)} yapay (tr)

See also

• fake

References

• artificial at OneLook Dictionary Search
• artificial in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• artificial in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911

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Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin artificiālis.

Adjective

artificial (plural artificials)

1. artificial

Derived terms

• intelichencia artificial f

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Asturian

Etymology

From Latin artificiālis.

Adjective

artificial (epicene, plural artificiales)

1. artificial

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Catalan

Etymology

From Latin artificiālis.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /əɾ.ti.fi.siˈal/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /ər.ti.fi.siˈal/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /aɾ.ti.fi.siˈal/

Adjective

artificial (masculine and feminine plural artificials)

1. artificial

   Antonym: natural

Derived terms

• artificialment
• selecció artificial

Further reading

• “artificial” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

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Galician

Etymology

From Latin artificiālis.

Adjective

artificial m or f (plural artificiais)

1. artificial

Derived terms

• artificialmente

Further reading

• “artificial” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.

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Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin artificiālis.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐɾtifiˈsjaɫ/
• Hyphenation: ar‧ti‧fi‧ci‧al

• Audio (BR)

  (file)

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

artificial m or f (plural artificiais, comparable)

1. artificial

Derived terms

• artificialmente

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Romanian

Adjective

artificial m or n (feminine singular artificială, masculine plural artificiali, feminine and neuter plural artificiale)

1. artificial

Declension

Declension of artificial

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	artificial		artificială	artificiali	artificiale
	definite	artificialul		artificiala	artificialii	artificialele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	artificial		artificiale	artificiali	artificiale
	definite	artificialului		artificialei	artificialilor	artificialelor

Related terms

• artificializa

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Spanish

Etymology

From Latin artificiālis.

Pronunciation

• (Castilian) IPA^(key): /artifiˈθjal/, [art̪ifiˈθjal]
• (Latin America) IPA^(key): /artifiˈsjal/, [art̪ifiˈsjal]
• Hyphenation: ar‧ti‧fi‧cial

Adjective

artificial (plural artificiales)

1. artificial

Derived terms

• artificialidad
• artificialmente
• fuego artificial
• innivación artificial
• inteligencia artificial

 

Related terms

• artificio
• artificioso

Further reading

• “artificial” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.