per-
See also: Appendix:Variations of "per"
English Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
Borrowed from Latin per and per-.
Prefix Edit
per-
- (non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense "through", as in perforate.
- (non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense "thoroughly", as in perfect.
- (non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense "to destruction", as in pervert.
- (non-productive) In adjectives and adverbs: denoting the sense "extremely", as in perfervid.
- (chemistry) Forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of one element in a compound, as in peroxide.
- (chemistry) Added to the name of an element in a polyatomic ion to denote the number of atoms of that element (usually four).
Synonyms Edit
Derived terms Edit
Related terms Edit
Etymology 2 Edit
Borrowed from Old French per (modern French par).
Prefix Edit
per-
Anagrams Edit
Asturian Edit
Etymology Edit
Prefix Edit
per-
- used to make superlatives of adjectives and adverbs
- perguapu
- very beautiful
- perblancu
- very white
- perbién
- very well
- perlloñe
- very far
See also Edit
Esperanto Edit
Etymology Edit
Back-formation from per.
Pronunciation Edit
Prefix Edit
per-
- denotes that the action expressed by the root becomes a means to attain a goal
Derived terms Edit
French Edit
Etymology Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Prefix Edit
per-
Derived terms Edit
Further reading Edit
- “per-”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Hungarian Edit
Etymology Edit
From Latin per (“through”).[1]
Pronunciation Edit
Prefix Edit
per-
Derived terms Edit
References Edit
- ^ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN
Indonesian Edit
Etymology Edit
From Malay per-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀ. Cognate with Tagalog pag-.
Pronunciation Edit
Prefix Edit
per-
- causative voice imperative mood intransitive verb prefix of a transitive verb
- causative voice imperative mood intransitive verb prefix of an adjective
- imperative mood transitive verb of a noun: treat the object as [base], take the object as [base]
- nominal patient used to form nouns from verbs conjugated with ber-
- denominator of a fraction
Usage notes Edit
- pe- is used in word with initial /r/ or word with final /-ər-/ in first syllable
- However, some words that don't have /-ər-/ used this suffix inconsistently (per- + desa + -an > pedesaan). A few words change the first consonant in analogy to the unrelated suffix peng- (per- + perkosa + -an > pemerkosaan).
- pel- is used in word ajar and its derivatives.
Derived terms Edit
Further reading Edit
- “per-” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Latin Edit
Etymology Edit
From Proto-Italic *peri-. Related to per (“through”).
Prefix Edit
per-
- Used to make adjectives or verbs that are "very" something.
- Used to form verbs that are intensive or completive, conveying the idea of doing something all the way through or entirely.
Derived terms Edit
See also Edit
Malay Edit
Etymology Edit
From Proto-Austronesian *paR- (“divide into x (x = numeral)”).
Pronunciation Edit
Prefix Edit
per- (Jawi spelling ڤر)
- abstraction, place, goal, result
- Perlawanan ― Match (game)
- divied by X numeral
- Satu perdua ― One divided by two
- each, per
Derived terms Edit
Descendants Edit
Further reading Edit
- “per” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
- Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen (2010–), “*paR-₂”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary