hetman

See also: Hetman

English

Etymology

From Polish hetman, probably from Middle High German houbetman, heuptman (“commander”), from houbet, heupt (“head”), related to Latin caput (“head”), + Middle High German man (“man”). Compare modern German Hauptmann (“captain”), Haupt, Mann. The Polish e in hetman attests to a borrowing from an East Central German dialect, in which Middle High German -öu- gives -ē-.

Noun

hetman (plural hetmans or hetmen)

1. (history) A Cossack headman or general.
2. Title used by the second-highest military commander in Poland and Lithuania (15th to 18th century).

Translations

a historical military commander in various Eastern European countries

• Belarusian: ге́тман m (hjétman)
• Bulgarian: хе́тман m (hétman)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 蓋特曼／盖特曼 (gàitèmàn)

• Czech: hejtman (cs) m
• Danish: hetman c
• Finnish: hetmani (fi)
• Georgian: ჰეტმანი (heṭmani)
• German: Hetman m
• Greek: χετμάνος m (chetmános)
• Hungarian: hetman (hu)
• Italian: etmano m
• Japanese: ヘトマン (hetoman)
• Korean: 헤트만 (heteuman)
• Lithuanian: etmonas m
• Macedonian: хе́тман m (hétman)
• Polish: hetman (pl) m
• Portuguese: hétmã m, hétmane m
• Romanian: hatman (ro) m
• Russian: ге́тман (ru) m (gétman)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: хетман m

  Roman: hetman (sh) m

• Spanish: hetman m
• Swedish: hetman (sv) c
• Ukrainian: ге́тьман m (hétʹman)
• Uzbek: getman (uz)

See also

• ataman
• hegumen

References

• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “гетьман”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka

Anagrams

• Hemant, Manthe, anthem, mentha, nameth, the man

French

Noun

hetman m (plural hetmans)

1. hetman

Further reading

• “hetman”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle High German houbetman, heuptman, from houbet, heupt. Compare German Hauptmann. The e in hetman attests to a borrowing from an East Central German dialect, in which Middle High German -öu- gives -ē-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɛt.man/
• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈxɛt.mɒn/

• Audio 1

  (file)

• Audio 2

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛtman
• Syllabification: het‧man

Noun

hetman m animal

1. (chess) queen (chess piece)

   Synonyms: dama, królowa, królówka

Declension

Declension of hetman

	singular	plural
nominative	hetman	hetmany
genitive	hetmana	hetmanów
dative	hetmanowi	hetmanom
accusative	hetmana	hetmany
instrumental	hetmanem	hetmanami
locative	hetmanie	hetmanach
vocative	hetmanie	hetmany

Noun

hetman m pers

1. (historical, military) Cossack military commander
2. (historical, military) title used by the senior military commanders in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (15th to 18th century)
3. (Middle Polish, military) any sort of military leader

Declension

Declension of hetman

	singular	plural
nominative	hetman	hetmani/hetmany (deprecative)
genitive	hetmana	hetmanów
dative	hetmanowi	hetmanom
accusative	hetmana	hetmanów
instrumental	hetmanem	hetmanami
locative	hetmanie	hetmanach
vocative	hetmanie	hetmani

Derived terms

adjectives

• hetmanowy
• hetmański

 

nouns

• hetman koszowy
• hetman polny
• hetman sahajdaczny
• hetman wielki
• hetmanic
• hetmanowa
• hetmanowicz
• hetmanówna
• hetmańczuk
• hetmaństwo
• hetmańszczyzna

 

verbs

• hetmanić impf
• zahetmanić pf

 

Descendants

• → Belarusian: ге́тман (hjétman)
• → Bulgarian: хе́тман (hétman)
• → English: hetman
• → French: hetman
• → German: Hetman
• → Portuguese: hétmã, hétmane
• → Romanian: hatman
• → Russian: ге́тман (gétman)
  • → Uzbek: getman
• → Spanish: hetman

See also

Chess pieces in Polish · bierki szachowe (layout · text)
król	hetman, królowa, królówka, dama	wieża	goniec, laufer, giermek	skoczek, koń, konik	pion, pionek

Further reading

• hetman in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• hetman in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “hetman”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

Tok Pisin

Etymology

Possibly English head + man.

Noun

hetman

1. chief; leader