Alternative forms Edit
Etymology Edit
From Middle English historie , from Old French estoire , estorie ( “ chronicle, history, story ” ) (French histoire ), from Latin historia , from Ancient Greek ἱστορίᾱ ( historíā , “ learning through research ” ) , from ἱστορέω ( historéō , “ to research, inquire (and) record ” ) , from ἵστωρ ( hístōr , “ the knowing, wise one ” ) , from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- ( “ see, know ” ) . Doublet of story and storey .
Attested in Middle English in 1393 by John Gower , Confessio Amantis ,[1] which was aimed at an educated audience familiar with French and Latin.
Pronunciation Edit
hist‧ory
history (countable and uncountable , plural histories )
The aggregate of past events.
Synonyms: background , past 1918 , W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell , chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp , Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company , →OCLC :With some of it on the south and more of it on the north of the great main thoroughfare that connects Aldgate and the East India Docks, St. Bede's at this period of its history was perhaps the poorest and most miserable parish in the East End of London.
2012 March-April, Jan Sapp , “Race Finished ”, in American Scientist , volume 100, number 2, page 164:Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragic history of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept?
2017 June 24, James O'Shea, quoting Gerry Adams, “BREAKING: Sinn Fein President Gerry Adams says end to partition of Ireland “in a few short years””, in IrishCentral :So, we have a shared history - we will also have a shared future.
History repeats itself if we don’t learn from its mistakes.
The branch of knowledge that studies the past; the assessment of notable events.
2013 September 6, Peter Beaumont , “Lessons of past cast shadows over Syria ”, in The Guardian Weekly , volume 189, number 13, page 18:History and experience act as a filter that can distort as much as elucidate. It is largely forgotten now, overlooked in the one-line description of Tony Blair and George W Bush as the men who lied about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction, but there was a wider context to their conviction.
He teaches history at the university.
History will not look kindly on these tyrants.
He dreams of an invention that will make history .
The portion of the past that is known and recorded by this field of study, as opposed to all earlier and unknown times that preceded it (prehistory).
in all of human history and prehistory
in all recorded history
( countable ) A set of events involving an entity.
What is your medical history ?
The family's history includes events best forgotten.
a long and sordid history 2014 October 21, Oliver Brown, “Oscar Pistorius jailed for five years”, in The Daily Telegraph (Sport) [1] :[I]n the 575 days since [Oscar] Pistorius shot dead his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp , there has been an unseemly scramble to construct revisionist histories , to identify evidence beneath that placid exterior of a pugnacious, hair-trigger personality.
( countable ) A record or narrative description of past events .
Synonyms: account , chronicle , story , tale
I really enjoyed Shakespeare's tragedies more than his histories .
a short history of post-Columbian colonization
( countable , medicine ) A list of past and continuing medical conditions of an individual or family.
Synonym: medical history
A personal medical history is required for the insurance policy.
He has a history of cancer in his family.
This diagnosis is usually based solely on the history and physical examination, although laboratory tests are occasionally also obtained.
( countable , computing ) A record of previous user events, especially of visited web pages in a browser .
Synonym: log
I visited a great site yesterday but forgot the URL. Luckily, I didn't clear my history .
2006 , Todd Stauffer; Kirk McElhearn, Mastering Mac OS X , John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN , page 344 :When you do that, the browser window has no browser history , so it doesn't report a referrer page to the first site you visit.
( informal ) Something that no longer exists or is no longer relevant.
I told him that if he doesn't get his act together, he's history .
( uncountable ) Shared experience or interaction.
There is too much history between them for them to split up now.
He has had a lot of history with the police.
Usage notes Edit
The chief polysemic ambiguity of the word history in natural language (in a nutshell, "the past" versus "that portion of the past for which written records exist") is handled with the help of a coordinate term pair (prehistory and history ) or a qualifier (recorded history ), yielding clarifying (disambiguating) phrases such as in all of human history and prehistory or in all recorded history .
Derived terms Edit
Descendants Edit
Translations Edit
aggregate of past events
Afrikaans: geskiedenis
Albanian: histori f
Amharic: ታሪክ ( tarik )
Arabic: تَارِيخ m ( tārīḵ )
Egyptian Arabic: تاريخ m ( tarīḵ )
Aragonese: istoria f
Aramaic:
Classical Syriac: ܬܫܥܝܬܐ f ( tašʿīṯā )
Armenian: պատմություն ( patmutʿyun )
Assamese: ইতিহাস ( itihax )
Asturian: historia f , hestoria f
Atong (India): itihas
Avar: тарих ( tarix )
Azerbaijani: tarix
Bashkir: тарих ( tarix )
Basque: historia
Belarusian: гісто́рыя f ( históryja )
Bengali: ইতিহাস ( itihas )
Bikol Central: uusipon
Breton: istor f
Bulgarian: исто́рия f ( istórija )
Burmese: သမိုင်း ( sa.muing: )
Buryat: түүхэ ( tüüxe )
Catalan: història f
Cebuano: kasaysayan
Cherokee: ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ ( kanohesgi )
Chinese:
Cantonese: 歷史 / 历史 (yue) ( lik6 si2 )
Dungan: лисы ( lisɨ )
Gan: 歷史 / 历史 ( lit6 'si3 )
Hakka: 歷史 / 历史 ( li̍t-sṳ́ )
Mandarin: 歷史 / 历史 (zh) ( lìshǐ )
Min Dong: 歷史 / 历史 ( lĭk-sṳ̄ )
Min Nan: 歷史 / 历史 (zh-min-nan) ( le̍k-sú )
Wu: 歷史 / 历史 ( liq sr )
Chuvash: истори ( istori )
Corsican: storia
Crimean Tatar: tarih
Czech: dějiny f pl , historie f
Danish: historie c
Dutch: geschiedenis f , historie f
Esperanto: historio
Estonian: ajalugu
Faroese: søga f
Finnish: historia
French: histoire f
Friulian: istorie f , storie f
Gagauz: istoriya
Galician: historia f
Georgian: ისტორია ( isṭoria )
German: Geschichte f , Historie f
Greek: ιστορία f ( istoría )
Ancient: ἱστορία f ( historía )
Gujarati: ઇતિહાસ m ( itihās )
Haitian Creole: istwa
Hebrew: הִסְטוֹרְיָה / היסטוריה f ( história )
Higaonon: lasaysayan
Hiligaynon: kasaysayan
Hindi: इतिहास m ( itihās ) , तारीख़ f ( tārīx )
Hungarian: történelem , múlt
Icelandic: saga f
Ido: historio
Ilocano: pakasaritaan
Indonesian: sejarah , histori
Interlingua: historia
Irish: stair f
Istriot: stuoria f
Italian: storia f
Japanese: 歴史 ( れきし, rekishi ) , 沿革 ( えんかく, enkaku )
Kalmyk: тууҗ ( tuuj )
Kannada: ಇತಿಹಾಸ ( itihāsa )
Kapampangan: amlat
Kazakh: тарих ( tarix )
Khmer: ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ ( prɑvŏəttesaah ) , ប្រវត្តិ ( prɑvŏət )
Korean: 역사(歷史) ( yeoksa ) , 력사(歷史) ( ryeoksa ) ( North Korea )
Kumyk: тарих ( tarix )
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: مێژوو (ku) ( mêjû )
Northern Kurdish: dîrok (ku) , tarîx (ku) , mêjû (ku)
Kyrgyz: тарых ( tarıh )
Lao: ປະຫວັດສາດ ( pa wat sāt ) , ປະຫວັດ ( pa wat )
Latin: historia f
Latvian: vēsture f
Lezgi: тарих ( tariχ )
Ligurian: stöia
Lithuanian: istorija f
Luganda: ebyafaayo
Macedonian: историја f ( istorija )
Malay: sejarah
Malayalam: ചരിത്രം ( caritraṃ )
Maltese: storja f
Manchu: ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ( suduri )
Marathi: इतिहास ( itihās )
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: түүх ( tüüx )
Mongolian: ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ( teüke )
Nauruan: ekadaedaenigawae
Nepali: इतिहास ( itihās )
Norwegian: historie f
Occitan: istòria f
Old English: stǣr n
Old Prussian: istōrija
Oriya: ଇତିହାସ ( itihasô )
Oromo: seenaa
Ossetian: истори ( istori )
Ottoman Turkish: تاریخ ( tarih )
Paiwan: likisi
Pashto: تاريخ m ( tāríx )
Persian: تاریخ ( târix )
Pitcairn-Norfolk: histrei
Polish: historia f , dzieje
Portuguese: histórico m
Punjabi: ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ( itihās )
Romanian: istorie
Romansch: istorgia f
Russian: исто́рия f ( istórija )
Rusyn: істо́рія f ( istórija )
Samogitian: istuorėjė f
Sanskrit: इतिहास m ( itihāsa )
Scottish Gaelic: eachdraidh f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: хѝсто̄рија f , ѝсто̄рија f , по̏вије̄ст f , по̏ве̄ст f
Roman: hìstōrija (sh) f , ìstōrija (sh) f , pȍvijēst (sh) f , pȍvēst (sh) f
Shan: ပိုၼ်း ( púen )
Sicilian: storia f
Silesian: gyszichta f
Sinhalese: ඉතිහාසය ( itihāsaya ) , පුරාවෘත්තය ( purāwr̥ttaya )
Slovak: dejiny f pl , história f
Slovene: zgodovina f , preteklost f
Somali: taariikh
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: stawizny pl
Southern Altai: тӱӱки ( tüüki ) , тарых ( tarïh )
Spanish: historia f
Swahili: historia
Swedish: historia c
Tabasaran: тарих ( tariꭓ )
Tagalog: kasaysayan
Tajik: таърих ( taʾrix )
Tamil: வரலாறு ( varalāṟu ) , சரித்திரம் ( carittiram )
Tatar: тарих ( tarix )
Telugu: చరిత్ర ( caritra ) , చరితం ( caritaṁ ) , చరిత ( carita )
Thai: ประวัติศาสตร์ ( bprà-wàt-dtì-sàat ) , ประวัติ ( bprà-wàt )
Tibetan: ལོ་རྒྱུས ( lo rgyus )
Tigrinya: ታሪኽ ( tarix )
Tok Pisin: histori
Turkish: tarih , ötük
Turkmen: taryh
Tuvan: төөгү ( töögü )
Ukrainian: істо́рія f ( istórija )
Urdu: اتہاس m ( itihās ) , تاریخ f ( tārīx )
Uyghur: تارىخ ( tarix )
Uzbek: tarix
Venetian: istoria f , storia f
Vietnamese: lịch sử (歷史 )
Vilamovian: gyśicht f
Welsh: hanes
West Frisian: skiednis c
Wolof: taariix
Yakut: история ( istoriya ) , остуоруйа ( ostuoruya )
Yiddish: געשיכטע f ( geshikhte )
Zazaki: veri (diq)
branch of knowledge that studies the past
Arabic: تَارِيخ m ( tārīḵ )
Egyptian Arabic: تاريخ m ( tarīḵ )
Armenian: պատմագիտություն ( patmagitutʿyun )
Belarusian: гісто́рыя f ( históryja )
Bikol Central: uusipon
Bulgarian: исто́рия f ( istórija )
Catalan: història f
Chinese:
Cantonese: 歷史學 / 历史学 (yue) ( lik6 si2 hok6 )
Dungan: истори ( istori )
Mandarin: 歷史學 / 历史学 (zh) ( lìshǐxué )
Min Nan: 歷史學 / 历史学 (zh-min-nan) ( le̍k-sú-ha̍k )
Czech: dějepis m
Danish: historie c
Dutch: geschiedenis f
Esperanto: historio
Estonian: ajalugu
Faroese: søga f
Finnish: historia , historiantutkimus
French: histoire f
Gagauz: istoriya
Georgian: ისტორია ( isṭoria )
German: Geschichtswissenschaft f
Greek: ιστορία f ( istoría )
Ancient: ἱστορία f ( historía )
Haitian Creole: istwa
Hebrew: הִסְטוֹרְיָה / היסטוריה f ( história )
Hiligaynon: kasaysayan
Hindi: इतिहास m ( itihās ) , तारीख़ f ( tārīx )
Hungarian: történelem , történettudomány , történelemtudomány
Icelandic: sagnfræði f
Ido: historio
Indonesian: sejarah
Interlingua: historia
Irish: stair f
Italian: storia f
Japanese: 歴史 ( れきし, rekishi )
Khmer: ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ ( prɑvŏəttesaah ) , ប្រវត្តិវិទ្យា ( prɑvŏət vityiə )
Korean: 사학(史學) ( sahak )
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: مێژوو (ku) ( mêjû )
Latin: historia
Latvian: vēsture f
Lithuanian: istorija f
Malay: sejarah , tawarikh ( obsolete )
Malayalam: ചരിത്രം ( caritraṃ )
Maltese: storja
Middle English: historie , storie
Mongolian: түүх ( tüüx )
Norwegian: historie f
Occitan: istòria f
Old English: stǣr n
Persian: تاریخ ( târix )
Polish: historia f
Portuguese: história f
Romanian: istorie
Romansch: istorgia f
Russian: исто́рия f ( istórija )
Samogitian: istuorėjė f
Scottish Gaelic: eachdraidh f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: хѝсто̄рија f , ѝсто̄рија f , по̏вије̄ст f , по̏ве̄ст f
Roman: hìstōrija (sh) f , ìstōrija (sh) f , pȍvijēst (sh) f , pȍvēst (sh) f
Slovak: dejepis m
Slovene: zgodovina f , zgodovinopisje n
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: stawizny pl
Spanish: historia f
Swahili: historia
Swedish: historia c
Tagalog: kasaysayan
Tajik: таърих ( taʾrix )
Telugu: చరిత్ర ( caritra )
Thai: ประวัติศาสตร์ ( bprà-wàt-dtì-sàat )
Tok Pisin: histori
Turkish: tarih
Ukrainian: істо́рія f ( istórija )
Urdu: اتہاس m ( itihās ) , تاریخ f ( tārīx )
Vietnamese: lịch sử (歷史 )
Volapük: jenav
Welsh: astudiaeth
set of events involving an entity
record or narrative description of past events
Arabic: تَارِيخ m ( tārīḵ )
Aramaic:
Classical Syriac: ܬܫܥܝܬܐ f ( tašʿīṯā ) , ܬܘܢܝܐ m ( tūnnāyā )
Armenian: պատմություն ( patmutʿyun )
Bulgarian: летопис m ( letopis )
Catalan: història f
Chinese:
Mandarin: 歷史 / 历史 (zh) ( lìshǐ )
Corsican: storia
Czech: dějiny f pl
Danish: historie c , beretning c
Estonian: ajalugu
Finnish: historia
French: histoire f , passé m
Georgian: ისტორია ( isṭoria )
German: Geschichte f , Erzählung f
Greek: ιστορικό n ( istorikó )
Hebrew: הִסְטוֹרְיָה / היסטוריה f ( história )
Hiligaynon: kasaysayan
Hungarian: történet , história
Icelandic: saga f
Ido: historio
Interlingua: historia
Italian: storia f
Japanese: 履歴 ( りれき, rireki ) , 経歴 ( けいれき, keireki ) , 経過 ( けいか, keika )
Korean: 역사(歷史) ( yeoksa ) , 력사(歷史) ( ryeoksa ) ( North Korea )
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: مێژوو (ku) ( mêjû )
Northern Kurdish: çîrok (ku)
Latvian: vēsture
Lithuanian: istorija f
Malayalam: ചരിത്രം ( caritraṃ )
Maltese: storja , arkivji
Middle English: historie , storie
Mongolian: түүх ( tüüx )
Nauruan: ekadaedaenigawae
Nepali: इतिहास ( itihās )
Norwegian:
Bokmål: historie (no) m or f , historikk m
Nynorsk: historie f , historikk m
Occitan: istòria f
Old English: stǣr n
Persian: تاریخ ( târix )
Polish: historia f
Portuguese: documentário m
Romanian: istorie f , povestire f
Russian: исто́рия f ( istórija )
Samogitian: istuorėjė f
Scottish Gaelic: eachdraidh f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: хѝсто̄рија f , ѝсто̄рија f , по̏вије̄ст f , по̏ве̄ст f
Roman: hìstōrija (sh) f , ìstōrija (sh) f , pȍvijēst (sh) f , pȍvēst (sh) f
Slovak: história f
Slovene: zgodovina f
Spanish: historia f
Swahili: historia
Swedish: berättelse c , historia c
Tagalog: kasaysayan
Telugu: చరితం ( caritaṁ ) , చరిత ( carita )
Vietnamese: lịch sử
Welsh: hanes
Yiddish: היסטאָריע f ( historye )
medicine: list of past and continuing medical conditions
Armenian: պատմություն ( patmutʿyun )
Catalan: historial m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 病史 ( bìngshǐ ) , 病歷 / 病历 (zh) ( bìnglì )
Czech: zdravotní karta f
Dutch: geschiedenis f
Estonian: haiguslugu
Finnish: historia , potilashistoria
French: historique m , anamnèse
German: Anamnese f
Greek: ιστορικό n ( istorikó )
Hebrew: הִסְטוֹרְיָה / היסטוריה f ( história )
Hungarian: kórtörténet
Icelandic: saga f
Indonesian: riwayat
Italian: precedenti m pl , anamnesi
Japanese: 病歴 ( びょうれき, byōreki ) , 既往歴 ( きおうれき, kiōreki ) , 診療録 ( しんりょうろく, shinryōroku ) , カルテ ( karute )
Korean: 병력(病歷) ( byeongnyeok )
Latvian: slimības vēsture f
Lithuanian: ligos istorija f
Persian: سابقه ( sâbeqe ) , پیشینه ( pišine )
Polish: historia choroby f
Portuguese: histórico médico m , anamnese
Russian: исто́рия f ( istórija ) , исто́рия боле́зни f ( istórija bolézni )
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: хѝсто̄рија f , ѝсто̄рија f , по̏вије̄ст f , по̏ве̄ст f
Roman: hìstōrija (sh) f , ìstōrija (sh) f , pȍvijēst (sh) f , pȍvēst (sh) f , pȍvijēst bȍlēsti f , anamnéza (sh) f
Slovene: (please verify ) zgodovina (bolezni ) f
Spanish: antecedentes m pl , historia clínica f , historial m , anamnesis
Swahili: historia
Swedish: historik c
Vietnamese: lịch sử
Welsh: hanes (meddygol )
Zazaki: vêrde
computing: record of previous user events
something that no longer exists or is no longer relevant
Translations to be checked
history (third-person singular simple present histories , present participle historying , simple past and past participle historied )
( obsolete ) To narrate or record .
c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare , “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, [ … ] ”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [ … ] (First Folio ), London: [ … ] Isaac Iaggard , and Ed[ward] Blount , published 1623, →OCLC , [Act IV, scene i]:And therefore will hee wipe his Tables cleane, And keepe no Tell-tale to his Memorie, That may repeat, and Historie his losse
References Edit
Further reading Edit
history on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
history at OneLook Dictionary Search
history in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary , edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
"history" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 146.
history in The Century Dictionary , New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911